Geometry and kinematic evolution of a long-living foreland structure inferred from field data and cross section balancing, the Sainte-Victoire System, Provence, France

Tectonics

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2012, Pages

  Espurt, Nicolas ^a   Hippolyte, Jean Claude ^a   Saillard, Marianne ^b   Bellier, Olivier ^a  

^a AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ CÔTE D'AZUR   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEFORMATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY;

BALANCED CROSS SECTIONS; CROSS SECTION; FAULT-SLIP ANALYSIS; FIELD DATA; FORELAND BASIN; GROWTH STRATA; HALF GRABEN; KINEMATIC EVOLUTION; LATE CRETACEOUS; REGIONAL SCALE; STRUCTURAL DATA; STRUCTURAL DOMAINS; THIN-SKINNED TECTONICS; TRIASSIC;

TECTONICS;

DEFORMATION; FAULT GEOMETRY; FAULT SLIP; FORELAND BASIN; GRABEN; OROGENY; STRIKE (GEOLOGY); TECTONICS;

BOUCHES DU RHONE; FRANCE; PROVENCE-ALPES-COTE D'AZUR; SAINTE VICTOIRE MOUNTAIN;

EID: 84865510902     PISSN: 02787407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011TC002988     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Amilibia, A., F. Sàbat, K. R. McClay, J. A. Muñoz, E. Roca, and G. Chong (2008), The role of inherited tectono-sedimentary architecture in the development of the central Andean mountain belt: Insights from the Cordillera de Domeyko, J. Struct. Geol., 30, 1520-1539, doi:10.1016/j. jsg.2008.08.005.
2. Andreani, L., N. Loget, C. Rangin, and X. Le Pichon (2010), New structural constraints on the southern Provence thrust belt (France): Evidences for an Eocene shortening event linked to the Corsica-Sardinia subduction, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 181, 547-563, doi:10.2113/gssgfbull.181.6.547.
3. Angelier, J. (1971), La partie septentrionale de la bande triasique de Barjol (Var), PhD thesis, 193 pp., Faculté des Sciences de Paris, Paris.
4. Angelier, J. (1990), Inversion of field data in fault tectonics to obtain the regional stress-III. A new rapid direct inversion method by analytical means, Geophys. J. Int., 103, 363-376, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990. tb01777.x.
5. Angelier, J., A. Tarantola, B. Valette, and S. Manoussis (1982), Inversion of field data in fault tectonics to obtain the regional stress, I, Single phase fault populations: A new method of computing the stress tensor, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 69, 607-621, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1982.tb02766. x.
6. Arévian, A., N. Toutin, H. Rousseau, R. Campredon, and R. Dars (1979), Les séries continentales du Permien du Var, Bull. Bur. Rech. Geol. Min., 1, 31-43.
7. Arlhac, P., et al. (1970), Geological map of the France, Map 995, scale 1:50,000, Bur. de Rech. Geol. et Min., Orléans, France.
8. Arthaud, F., and P. Matte (1975), Les décrochements tardi-hercyniens du sud-ouest de l'Europe. Géometrie et essai de reconstitution des conditions de la déformation, Tectonophysics, 25, 139-171, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(75)90014-1.
9. Arthaud, F., and M. Seguret (1981), Les structures pyréné ennes du Langue-doc et du golfe du Lion (Sud de la France), Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 23, 51-63.
10. Aubouin, J., and J. Chorowicz (1967), Le chevauchement sud-Provençal: De l'Etoile à la Sainte-Baume, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 7, 600-608.
11. Baroux, E., N. A. Pino, G. Valensise, O. Scotti, and M. Cushing (2003), Source parameters of the 11 June 1909, Lambesc (southern France) earthquake: A reappraisal based on macroseismic, seismological and geodetic observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B9), 2454, doi:10.1029/2002JB002348.
12. Bergerat, F. (1987), Stress field in the European platform at the time of Africa-Eurasia collision, Tectonics, 6, 99-132, doi:10.1029/TC006i002p00099.
13. Besson, D. (2005), Architecture du bassin rhodano-provençal miocène (Alpes, SE France), Relations entre déformation, physiographie et sédi-mentation dans un bassin molassique d'avant-pays, PhD thesis, 438 pp., Ecole des Mines de Paris, Paris.
14. Biberon, B. (1988), Mécanismes et évolution de chevauchements à ver-gences opposées. Exemple de la Montagne Sainte-Victoire, PhD thesis, 189 pp., Univ. Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
15. Boyer, S. E. (1992), Geometric evidence for synchronous thrusting in the southern Alberta and northwest Montana thrust belts, in Thrust Tectonics, edited by K. R. McClay, pp. 377-390, Chapman and Hall, London, doi:10.1007/978-94-011- 3066-0-34.
16. Boyer, S. E., and D. Elliott (1982), The geometry of thrust systems, AAPG Bull., 66, 1196-1230.
17. Butler, R. W. H., E. Tavarnelli, and M. Grasso (2006), Structural inheritance in mountain belts: An Alpine-Apennine perspective, J. Struct. Geol., 28, 1893-1908, doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2006.09.006. (Pubitemid 44734642)
18. Carey, E., and B. Brunier (1974), Analyse théorique et numérique d'un modèle mécanique élémentaire appliqué à l'étude d'une population de failles, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 279, 891-894.
19. Cassini G., M. Durand, and A. Ronchi (2003), Permian-Triassic continental sequences of northwest Sardinia and south Provence: Stratigraphic correlations and palaeogeographical implications, Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 2, 119-129.
20. Catzigras, F., E. Colomb, J. P. Durand, G. Guieu, C. Rousset, C. Tempier, D. Nury, and J. Rouire (1969), Geological map of the France, map of Aix-en-Provence, Map 1021, 2nd ed., scale 1:50,000, Bur. de Rech. Geol. et Min., Orléans, France.
21. Champion, C., P. Choukroune, and G. Clauzon (2000), La déformation post-Miocène en Provence occidentale, Geodin. Acta, 13, 67-85, doi:10.1016/S0985-3111(00)00114-5. (Pubitemid 30458265)
22. Chardon, C., and O. Bellier (2003), Geological boundary conditions of the 1909 Lambesc (Provence, France) earthquake: Structure and evolution of the Trevaresse ridge anticline, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 174, 497-510, doi:10.2113/174.5.497. (Pubitemid 37293438)
23. Chorowicz, J., and R. Ruiz (1984), La Sainte-Victoire (Provence): Observations et interprétations nouvelles, Geol. Fr., 4, 41-55.
24. Chorowicz, J., A. Mekarnia, and J.-P. Rudant (1989), Inversion tectonique dans le massif de la montagne Sainte-Victoire (Provence, France). Apport de l'imagerie Spot, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 308, 1179-1185.
25. Clauzon, G., J. Fleury, O. Bellier, S. Molliex, and L. Mocochain (2011), Tectonics and morphogenesis of northern Provence during the Miocene: A morphostructural study of the Luberon (Vaucluse), Bull. Soc. Geo. Fr., 182, 93-108.
26. Cojan, I. (1989), Discontinuité majeures en milieu continental. Proposition de corrélation avec des événements globaux (Bassin de Provence, S. France, Passage Crétacé/Tertiaire), C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 309, 1013-1018.
27. Cojan, I. (1993), Alternating fluvial and lacustrine sedimentation: Tectonics and climatic controls (Provence Basin, S. France, Upper Cretaceous/Paleocene), Spec. Publ. Int. Assoc. Sedimentol., 17, 425-438.
28. Cojan, I., M. Renard, and L. Emmanuel (2003), Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of dinosaur nesting sites based on a geochemical approach to eggshells and associated palaeosols (Maastrichtian, Provence Basin, France), Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 191, 111-138, doi:10.1016/S0031- 0182(02)00655-7. (Pubitemid 36270246)
29. Colletta, B., F. Roure, B. De Toni, D. Loureiro, H. Passalacqua, and Y. Gou (1997), Tectonic inheritance, crustal architecture, and contrasting structural style in the Venezuelan Andes, Tectonics, 16, 777-794, doi:10.1029/97TC01659.
30. Corroy, G., and J. Philip (1964), Le brachyanticlinal des pics des Corbeaux, dans le massif de la Sainte-Baume (Var), Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 7, 560-563.
31. Corroy, G., C. Tempier, and J. P. Durand (1964), Evolution tectonique de la montagne Sainte-Victoire en Provence, C. R. Acad. Sci. Fr., 258, 1556-1557.
32. Coward, M. P. (1996), Balancing sections through inverted basins, Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., 99, 51-77. (Pubitemid 26475940)
33. Cushing, M., O. Bellier, S. Nechtschein, M. Sébrier, P. Volant, A. Lomax, P. Dervin, P. Guignard, and L. Bove (2007), A multidisciplinary study of a slow-slipping fault for seismic hazard assessment: The example of the middle Durance fault (SE France), Geophys. J. Int., 172, 1163-1178, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03683.x.
34. Dahlstrom, C. D. A. (1969), Balanced cross sections, Can. J. Earth Sci., 6, 743-757, doi:10.1139/e69-069.
35. Davis, D., J. Suppe, and F. A. Dahlen (1983), Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1153-1172, doi:10.1029/JB088iB02p01153.
36. Delfaud, J., N. Toutin-Morin, and R. Morin (1989), Un cone alluvial en bor-dure d'un basin intramontagneux: La formation permienne du Rocher de Roquebrune (bassin de Bas-Argens, Provence orientale), C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 309, 1811-1817.
37. Dubois, P., and R. Curnelle (1978), Résultats apportés par le forage des Mées no. 1 sur le plateau de Valensole (Alpes-de-Hautes- Provence), C. R. Soc. Geol. Fr., 4, 181-184.
38. Durand, J. P., and C. Tempier (1962), Etude tectonique de la zone des breches du massif de Sainte-Victoire, dans la region du Tholonet, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 7, 97-101.
39. Flöttmann, T., and M. Hand (1999), Folded basement-cored tectonic wedges along the northern edge of the Amadeus Basin, Central Australia: Evaluation of orogenic shortening, J. Struct. Geol, 21, 399-412, doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(99)00031-0. (Pubitemid 29298621)
40. Garcia, G., and M. Vianey-Liaud (2001), Dinosaur eggshells as biochrono-logical markers in Upper Cretaceous continental deposits, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 169, 153-164, doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00215-2. (Pubitemid 32442681)
41. Gattacceca, J., A. Deino, R. Rizzo, D. S. Jones, B. Henry, B. Beaudoin, and F. Vadeboin (2007), Miocene rotation of Sardinia: New paleomagnetic and geochronological constraints and geodynamic implications, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 258, 359-377, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.003. (Pubitemid 46852138)
42. Gaviglio, P. (1985), A fault and stress field analysis in a coal mine (Gardanne, Bouches du Rhône, France), Tectonophysics, 113, 349-366, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(85)90205-7. (Pubitemid 15490676)
43. Gaviglio, P., and J. F. Gonzales (1987), Fracturation et histoire tectonique du bassin de Gardanne (Bouches du Rhône), Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 4, 675-682.
44. Graciansky, P. C, and M. Lemoine (1988), Early Cretaceous tectonics in the southwestern French Alps: A consequence of North-Atlantic rifting during Tethyan spreading, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 5, 733-737.
45. Guan, S., B. Li, D. He, J. H. Shaw, and Z. Chen (2009), Recognition and exploration of structural wedges: A case study in the southern margin of Junggar Basin, China, Earth Space Frontiers, 16, 129-137.
46. Guieu, G., J. Philip, J.-P. Durand, D. Nury, and C. Redondo (1987), Le détritisme provençal du Crétacé moyen à l'Oligocène dans son cadre paleogéographique, structural et géodynamique, Geol. Alp., 13, 247-271.
47. Guignard, P., O. Bellier, and D. Chardon (2005), Géométrie et cinématique post-oligocène des failles d'Aix et de la moyenne Durance (Provence, France), C. R. Geosci., 337, 375-384, doi:10.1016/j.crte. 2004.10.009. (Pubitemid 40233999)
48. Guyonnet-Benaize, C, J. Lamarche, J.-P. Masse, M. Villeneuve, and S. Viseur (2010), 3D structural modelling of small-deformations in poly phase faults pattern, Application to the Mid-Cretaceous Durance uplift, Provence (SE France), J. Geodyn, 50, 81-93, doi:10.1016/j.jog.2010.03.003.
49. Hain, M. P., M. R. Strecker, B. Bookhagen, R. N. Alonso, H. Pingel, and A. K. Schmitt (2011), Neogene to Quaternary broken-foreland formation and sedimentation dynamics in the Andes of NW Argentina (25° S), Tectonics, 30, TC2006, doi:10.1029/2010TC002703.
50. Hilley, G. E., P. M. Blisniuk, and M. R. Strecker (2005), Mechanics and erosion of basement-cored uplift provinces, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B12409, doi:10.1029/2005JB003704. (Pubitemid 43159843)
51. Hippolyte, J.-C, J. Angelier, and F. Roure (1992), Les permutations de con-traintes dans un orogène: Exemple des terrains quaternaires du sud de l'Apennin, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 315, 89-95. (Pubitemid 23372770)
52. Hippolyte, J.-C, J. Angelier, D. Nury, F. Bergerat, and G. Guieu (1993), Tectonic-stratigraphic record of paleostress time changes in the Oligocene basins of the Provence, southern France, Tectonophysics, 226, 15-35, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(93)90108-V. (Pubitemid 24423248)
53. Hippolyte, J. C, F. Bergerat, M. B. Gordon, O. Bellier, and N. Espurt (2012), Keys and pitfalls in mesoscale fault analysis and paleostress reconstructions, the use of Angelier's methods, Tectonophysics, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.01.012, in press.
54. Jorda, M., and M. Provansal (1992), La montagne Sainte-Victoire, Structure, relief, et morphogenèse antérieure au Postglaciaire, Mediterranee, 75, 17-28, doi:10.3406/medit.1992.2750. (Pubitemid 23374967)
55. Judge, P. A., and R. W. Allmendinger (2011), Assessing uncertainties in balanced cross sections, J. Struct. Geol, 33, 458-467, doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2011. 01.006.
56. Lacombe, O., and L. Jolivet (2005), Structural and kinematic relationships between Corsica and the Pyrenees-Provence domain at the time of the Pyrenean orogeny, Tectonics, 24, TC1003, doi:10.1029/2004TC001673. (Pubitemid 40763078)
57. Lacombe, O., and F. Mouthereau (2002), Basement-involved shortening and deep detachment tectonics in forelands of orogens: Insights from recent collision belts (Taiwan, Western Alps, Pyrenees), Tectonics, 21(4), 1030, doi:10.1029/2001TC901018.
58. Lacombe, O., J. Angelier, and P. Laurent (1992), Determining palaeostress orientations from faults and calcite twins: A case study near the Sainte-Victoire Range (southern France), Tectonophysics, 201, 141-156, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(92)90180-E.
59. Leleu, S., J.-F. Ghienne, and G. Manatschal (2005), Upper Cretaceous-Palaeocene basin margin alluvial fans documenting interaction between tectonic and environmental processes (Provence, SE France), Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 251, 217-239. (Pubitemid 43272408)
60. Leleu, S., J.-F. Ghienne, and G. Manatschal (2009), Alluvial fan development and morphotectonic evolution in response to contractional fault reactivation (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene), Provence, France, Basin Res., 21, 157-187, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2117.2008.00378.x.
61. Macedo, J., and S. Marshak (1999), The geometry of fold-thrust belt salients, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 111, 1808-1822, doi:10.1130/0016-7606 (1999)1112.3.CO;2.
62. Marshak, S., and M. S. Wilkerson (1992), Effect of overburden thickness on thrust belt geometry and development, Tectonics, 11, 560-566, doi:10.1029/92TC00175.
63. Masse, J.-P. (1976), Les calcaires urgoniens de Provence (Valanginien-Aptien Inférieur)-Stratigraphie, paléontologie, paléoenvironnements et leur évolution, PhD thesis, 445 pp., Univ. de la Méditerranée, Aix-Mar-seille, France.
64. Masse, J.-P., and J. Philip (1976), Paléogéographie et tectonique du Crétacé moyen en Provence, Rev. Geogr. Phys. Geol. Dyn., 2, 49-66.
65. McClay, K. R. (1989), Analogue models of inversion tectonics, Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., 44, 44-59.
66. McClay, K. R., and P. G. Buchanan (1992), Thrust faults in inverted exten-sional basins, in Thrust Tectonics, pp. 93-104, Chapman and Hall, London.
67. Meigs, A. J., and D. W. Burbank (1997), Growth of the south Pyrenean orogenic wedge, Tectonics, 16, 239-258, doi:10.1029/96TC03641.
68. Ménard, G. (1980), Profondeur du socle antétriasique dans le Sud-Est de la France, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 290, 299-302.
69. Mitra, M. (2002), Fold-accommodation faults, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 86, 671-693.
70. Molinaro, M., P. Leturmy, J.-C. Guezou, D. Frizon de Lamotte, and S. A. Eshraghi (2005), The structure and kinematics of the southeastern Zagros fold-thrust belt, Iran: From thin-skinned to thick-skinned tectonics, Tectonics, 24, TC3007, doi:10.1029/2004TC001633. (Pubitemid 41358823)
71. Molliex, S., O. Bellier, M. Terrier, J. Lamarche, G. Martelet, and N. Espurt (2011), Tectonic and sedimentary inheritance on the structural framework of Provence (SE France): Importance of the Salon-Cavaillon fault, Tectonophysics, 501, 1-16, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2010.09.008.
72. Montenat, C., C. Hibsch, J.-C. Perrier, F. Pascaud, and P. de Bretizel (1997), Tectonique cassante d'âge Crétacé inférieur dans l'Arc de Nice (Alpes-Maritimes, France), Geol. Alp., 73, 59-66.
73. Mora, A., M. Parra, M. R. Strecker, A. Kammer, C. Dimaté, and F. Rodriguez (2006), Cenozoic contractional reactivation of Mesozoic extensional structures in the eastern cordillera of Colombia, Tectonics, 25, TC2010, doi:10.1029/2005TC001854. (Pubitemid 43958355)
74. Mora, A., M. Parra, M. R. Strecker, E. R. Sobel, G. Zeilinger, C. Jaramillo, S. F. Da Silva, and M. Blanco (2010), The eastern foothills of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: An example of multiple factors controlling structural styles and active tectonics, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 122, 1846-1864, doi:10.1130/B30033.1.
75. Muñoz, J. A. (1992), Evolution of a continental collision belt: ECORS-Pyrenees crustal balanced cross-section, in Thrust Tectonics, pp. 235-246, Chapman and Hall, London, doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3066-0-21.
76. Price, R. A. (1986), The southeastern Canadian Cordillera: Thrust faulting, tectonic wedging, and delamination of the lithosphere, J. Struct. Geol., 8, 239-254, doi:10.1016/0191-8141(86)90046-5.
77. Ricour, J., I. Argyriadis, and R. Monteau (2005), Nouvelle interprétation tectonique de la montagne Sainte-Victoire (Provence, France), C. R. Geosci., 337, 1277-1283, doi:10.1016/j.crte.2005.07.005. (Pubitemid 41614503)
78. Roure, F., and B. Colletta (1996), Cenozoic inversion structures in the foreland of the Pyrenees and Alps, in Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands, Mem. du Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., vol. 170, edited by P. A. Ziegler, pp. 173-209, Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris.
79. Rousset, C. (1978), De l'importance régionale de la faille d'Aix en Provence, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 286, 189-192.
80. Ruiz Barragan, M. R. (1978), Etude structural en Provence: Le Massif de la Sainte-Victoire, PhD thesis, 129 pp., Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris.
81. Said, A., D. Chardon, P. Baby, and J. Ouali (2011), Active oblique ramp faulting in the southern Tunisian atlas, Tectonophysics, 499, 178-189, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2011.01.010.
82. Saura, E., and A. Teixell (2006), Inversion of small basins: Effects on structural variations at the leading edge of the Axial Zone antiformal stack (Southern Pyrenees, Spain), J. Struct. Geol., 28, 1909-1920, doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2006.06.005. (Pubitemid 44734630)
83. Schettino, A., and E. Turco (2011), Tectonic history of the western Tethys since the Late Triassic, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 123, 89-105, doi:10.1130/B30064.1.
84. Shaw, J., C. Connors, and J. Suppe (2005), Seismic interpretation of contrac-tional fault-related folds, AAPG seismic atlas, Stud. Geol. Tulsa Okla., 53, 1-156.
85. Suppe, J. (1983), Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding, Am. J. Sci., 283, 684-721, doi:10.2475/ajs.283.7.684.
86. Suppe, J., and D. A. Medwedeff (1990), Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding, Eclogae Geol. Helv., 83(3), 409-454.
87. Suppe, J., T. T. Chou, and C. H. Stephen (1992), Rates of folding and faulting determined from growth strata, in Thrust Tectonics, edited by K. R. McClay, pp. 105-121, Chapman and Hall, New York, doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3066-0- 9.
88. Tempier, C. (1972), Les Faciès Calcaires du Jurassique Provençal, Trav. Lab. Sci. Terre, Sér. B, vol. 4, pp. 1-371, Lab. Sci. Terr., Marseille, France.
89. Tempier, C. (1987), Modèle nouveau de mise en place des structures provençales, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 8, 533-540.
90. Tempier, C., and J.-P. Durand (1981), Importance de l'épisode d'âge crétacé supérieur dans la structure du versant méridional de la montagne Sainte-Victoire (Provence), C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 293, 629-632.
91. Terrier, M., O. Serrano, and F. Hanot (2008), Reassessment of the structural framework of western Provence (France): Consequence on the regional seismotectonic model, Geodin. Acta, 21(5-6), 231-238, doi:10.3166/ga.21.231-238.
92. Toutin-Morin, N., and D. Bonijoly (1992), Structuration des basins de Provence orientale à la fin de l'ère primaire, Cuad. Geol. Iber., 16, 59-74.
93. Toutin-Morin, N., D. Bonijoly, C. Brocard, G. Dardeau, and M. Dubar (1992), Rôle des structures tardi à post-hercyniennes dans l'évolution de la plate-forme provençale (bordure des Maures et du Tanneron, France, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 315, 1725-1732. (Pubitemid 23388502)
94. Westphal, M., and J.-P. Durand (1990), Magnétostratigraphie des séries continentales fluviolacustres du Crétacé supérieur dans le synclinal de l'Arc (région d'Aix-en-Provence, France), Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 8, 609-620.