A review of dietary and non-dietary exposure to bisphenol-A

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Volumn 50, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 3725-3740

  Geens, Tinne ^a,i   Aerts, Dominique ^b,i   Berthot, Carl ^c,i   Bourguignon, Jean Pierre ^d,i   Goeyens, Leo ^e,i   Lecomte, Philippe ^d,i   Maghuin Rogister, Guy ^d,i   Pironnet, Anne Madeleine ^f,i   Pussemier, Luc ^g,i   Scippo, Marie Louise ^d,i   Van Loco, Joris ^h,i   Covaci, Adrian ^a,i  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP   (Belgium)

^b Federal Department of Health Food Chain Safety and Environment   (Belgium)

^c FPS Health   (Belgium)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

^e VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL   (Belgium)

^f Superior Health Council   (Belgium)

^g VETERINARY AND AGROCHEMICAL RESEARCH CENTRE   (Belgium)

^h SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Belgium)

ⁱ Belgian Superior Health Council   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Alternatives; Bisphenol A; Food sources; Human exposure; Non food sources; Review

Indexed keywords

4,4' ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL; BIOMEDICAL AND DENTAL MATERIALS; EPOXY RESIN; POLYCARBONATE; POLYVINYLCHLORIDE;

AGGRESSION; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; CANNED FOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DUST EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EUROPE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD INTAKE; FOOD PACKAGING; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; HYDROLYSIS; HYPERACTIVITY; LAW; MEDICAL DEVICE; NONHUMAN; PAPER; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; TOXICOKINETICS; URINE LEVEL;

BENZHYDRYL COMPOUNDS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HUMANS; PHENOLS;

EID: 84865465012     PISSN: 02786915     EISSN: 18736351     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.059     Document Type: Review

References (143)

1. Amiridou D., Voutsa D. Alkylphenols and phthalates in bottles water. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 185:281-286.
2. ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety 2010. Avis du 29 janvier 2010 de l'Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments relatif à l'analyse critique des résultats d'une étude de toxicité sur le développement du système nerveux ainsi que d'autres données publiées récemment sur les effets toxiques du bisphénol A. Paris: ANSES. Available from http://www.anses.fr.
3. ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 2011a. Usages du bisphenol A. Saisine No. 2010-SA-0197. Rapport d'étude. Rapport septembre 2011 avec erratum de novembre 2011. ANSES, Paris, 68p. Available from http://www.anses.fr/Documents/CHIM-Ra-BisphenolA.pdf.
4. ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety 2011b. Effects sanitaires du Bisphénol A Saisines No. 2009-SA-0331 et No. 2010-SA-0197 RAPPORT d'expertise collective. Septembre 2011. ANSES. 311 p. Available from http://www.anses.fr/Documents/CHIM-Ra-BisphenolA.pdf.
5. Aschberger, K., Castello, P., Hoekstra, E., Karakitsios, S., Munn, S., Pakalin, S., Sarigiannis, D. 2010. Bisphenol A and baby bottles: challenges and perspectives. JRC Scientific and Technical Reports. Available from http://www.publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu.
6. Bae B., Jeong J.H., Lee S.J. The quantification and characterization of endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A leaching from epoxy resin. Water Sci. Technol. 2002, 46:381-387.
7. Barnes, K. Sinclair, R., Watson D. (Eds.), 2006. Chemical migration and food contact material. In: Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and, Nutrition, CRC Press. vol. 136.
8. Becker K., Göen T., Seiwert M., Conrad A., Pick-Fub H., Müller J., Wittassek M., Schulz C., Kolossa-Gehring M. GerES IV: phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A in urine of German children. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2009, 212:685-692.
9. Bernal A.J., Jirtle R.L. Epigenomic disruption: the effects of early developmental exposures. Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol. 2010, 88:938-944.
10. Biedermann-Brem S., Grob K., Fjeldal P. Release of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles: mechanisms of formation and investigation of worst case scenarios. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2008, 227:1053-1060.
11. Biedermann-Brem S., Grob K. Release of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles: water hardness as the most relevant factor. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2009, 228:679-684.
12. Biedermann S., Tschudin P., Grob K. Transfer of bisphenol A from thermal printer paper to the skin. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 398:571-576.
13. Boeniger M.F., Lowry L.K., Rosenberg J. Interpretation of urine results used to assess chemical exposure with emphasis on creatinine adjustments - a review. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1993, 54:615-627.
14. Bourguigon J.P., Parent A.S. Early homeostatic disturbances of human growth and maturation by endocrine disrupters. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 2010, 22:470-477.
15. Braun J.M., Yolton K., Dietrich K.N., Hornung R., Ye X.Y., Calafat A.M., Lanphear B.P. Prenatal bisphenol A exposure and early childhood behaviour. Environ. Health Perspect. 2009, 117:1945-1952.
16. Braun J.M., Kalkbrenner A.E., Calafat A.M., Bernert J.T., Ye X., Silva M.J., Barr D.B., Sathyanarayana S., Lanphear B.P. Variability and predictors of urinary bisphenol A concentrations during pregnancy. Environ. Health Perspect. 2011, 119:131-137.
17. Braun J.M., Kalkbrenner A.E., Calafat A.M., Yolton K., Ye X., Dietrich K.N., Lanphear B.P. Impact of early-life bisphenol A exposure on behavior and executive function in children. Pediatrics 2011, 128:873-882.
18. Brede C., Fjeldal P., Skjevrak I., Herikstad H. Increased migration levels of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles after dishwashing, boiling and brushing. Food Addit. Contam. 2003, 20:684-689.
19. Bushnik T., Haines D., Levallois P., Levesque J. Lead and bisphenol A concentrations in the Canadian populations. Stat. Can. Health Rep. 2010, 21:7-18.
20. Calafat A.M., Kuklenyik Z., Reidy J.A., Caudill S.P., Needham L.L. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol in a human reference population. Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113:391-395.
21. Calafat A.M., Ye X.Y., Wong L.Y., Reidy J.A., Needham L.L. Exposure of the US population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004. Environ. Health Perspect. 2008, 116:39-44.
22. Calafat A.M., Weuve J., Ye X., Jia L.T., Hu H., Ringer S., Huttner K., Hauser R. Exposure to bisphenol A and other phenols in neonatal intensive care unit premature infants. Environ. Health Perspect. 2009, 117:639-644.
23. Cantonwine D., Meeker J.D., Hu H., Sánchez B.N., Lamadrid-Figueroa H., Mercado-García A., Fortenberry G.Z., Calafat A.M., Téllez-Rojo M.M. Bisphenol A exposure in Mexico City and risk of prematurity: a pilot nested case control study. Environ. Health 2010, 9:62.
24. Cao X.L., Corriveau J. Survey of bisphenol A in bottled water products in Canada. Food Addit. Contam. Part B. 2008, 1:161-164.
25. Cao X.L., Corriveau J. Migration of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby and water bottles into water under severe conditions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56:6378-6381.
26. Cao X.L., Corriveau J., Popovic S. Levels of bisphenol A in canned soft drink products in Canadian markets. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57:1307-1311.
27. Cao X.L., Corriveau J., Popovic S., Clement G., Beraldin F., Dufresne G. Bisphenol A in baby food products in glass jars with metal lids from Canadian markets. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57:5345-5351.
28. Cao X.L., Corriveau J., Popovic S. Bisphenol A in canned food products from canadian markets. J. Food Prot. 2010, 73:1085-1089.
29. Cao X.L., Perez-Locas C., Dufresne G., Clement G., Popovica S., Beraldin F., Dabeke R.W., Feeley M. Concentrations of bisphenol A in the composite food samples from the 2008 Canadian total diet study in Quebec City and dietary intake estimates. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. 2011, 28:791-798.
30. Carwile J.L., Ye X., Zhou X., Calafat A.M., Michels K.B. Canned food consumption and urinary bisphenol-A: a randomized cross-over trial. JAMA 2011, 306:2218-2220.
31. Carwile J.L., Luu H.T., Bassett L.S., Driscoll D.A., Yuan C., Chang J.Y., Ye X., Calafat A.M., Michels K.B. Polycarbonate bottle use and urinary bisphenol A concentrations. Environ. Health Perspect. 2009, 117:1368-1372.
32. Casas L., Fernandez M.F., Llop S., Guxens M., Ballester F., Olea N., Iruzun M.B., Rodriguez L.S.M., Riaño I., Tardon A., Vrijheid M., Calafat A.M., Sunyer J. Urinary concentrations of phthalates and phenols in a population of Spanish pregnant women and children. Environ. Int. 2011, 37:858-866.
33. Chapin R.E., Adams J., Boekelheide K., Gray L.E., Hayward S.W., Lees P.S., McIntyre B.S., Portier K.M., Schnorr T.M., Selevan S.G., Vandenbergh J.G., Woskie S.R. NTP-CERHR Expert Panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of bisphenol A. Birth Defects Res., Part B 2008, 83:157-395.
34. Chen M.-Y., Ike M., Fujita M. Acute toxicity, mutagenicity, and estrogenicity of bisphenol-A and other bisphenols. Environ. Toxicol. 2002, 17:80-86.
35. Cooper J.E., Kendig E.L., Belcher S.M. Assessment of bisphenol A released from reusable plastic, aluminum and stainless steel water bottles. Chemosphere 2011, 85:943-947.
36. Cunha S.C., Almeida C., Mendes E., Fernandes J.O. Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in beverages and powdered infant formula by dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction and heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. 2011, 28:513-526.
37. Danzl E., Sei K., Soda S., Ike M., Fujita M. Biodegradation of bisphenol A, bisphenol F and bisphenol S in seawater. Int. J. Environ. Res. Pub. Health. 2009, 6:1472-1484.
38. De Coensel N., David F., Sandra P. Study on the migration of bisphenol-A from baby bottles by stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-capillary GC-MS. J. Sep. Sci. 2009, 32:3829-3836.
39. Dekant W., Völkel W. Human exposure to bisphenol A by biomonitoring: methods, results and assessment of environmental exposures. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2008, 228:114-134.
40. Diamanti-Kandarakis E., Bourguignon J.P., Giudice L.C., Hauser R., Prins G.S., Soto A.M., Zoeller R.T., Gore A.C. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an endocrine society scientific statement. Endocrine Rev. 2009, 30:293-342.
41. Dodds E.G., Lawson W. Molecular structure in relation to oestrogenic activity: compounds without a phenantrene nucleus. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B Biol. Sci. 1938, 125:222-232.
42. Doerge D.R., Twaddle N.C., Vankandingham M., Fisher J.W. Pharmacokinetics of bisphenol-A in neonatal and adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2010, 247:158-165.
43. Doerge D.R., Twaddle N.C., Woodling K.A., Fisher J.W. Pharmacokinetics of bisphenol A in neonatal and adult rhesus monkeys. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2010, 248:1-11.
44. EFSA - European Food Safety Authority. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food on a request from the Commission related to 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (Bisphenol A). Question number EFSA-Q-2005-100. The EFSA Journal 2006; 428:1-75. Available from: http://www.efsa.europa.eu.
45. EFSA - European Food Safety Authority. Toxicokinetics of Bisphenol A - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food additives, Flavourings, Processing aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC). The EFSA Journal 2008; 759:1-10. Available from: http://www.efsa.europa.eu.
46. EFSA - European Food Safety Authority. 2010. Scientific opinion on Bisphenol A: evaluation of a study investigating its neurodevelopmental toxicity, review of recent scientific literature on its toxicity and advice on the Danish risk assessment of Bisphenol A. The EFSA Journal 8:1829. Available from: http://www.efsa.europa.eu.
47. Ehlert K.A., Beumer C.W.E., Groot M.C.E. Migration of bisphenol A into water from polycarbonate baby bottles during microwave heating. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. 2008, 25:904-910.
48. Environmental protection Agency 2011. Exposure factors handbook: 2011 edition. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC; EPA/600/R-09/052F. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh.
49. European Commission, 2011a. Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. OJ L 12, 15.1.2011, pp. 1-89.
50. European Commission, 2011b. Commission Directive 2011/8/EU of 28 January 2011 amending Directive 2002/72/EC as regards the restriction of use of Bisphenol A in plastic infant feeding bottles. OJ L 26, 29.1.2011, pp. 11-14.
51. European Commission 2011c. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 321/2011 of 1 April 2011 amending Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 as regards the restriction of use of Bisphenol A in plastic infant feeding bottles. OJ L 87, 2.4.2011, p. 1-2.
52. EWG. Environmental Working Group, 2010. BPA in store receipts, July, Available from http://www.ewg.org/node/28589/print.
53. FASFC - Belgian Federal agency for the safety of the food chain. Risques chimiques émergents - Etude de cas: les perturbateurs endocriniens (dossier Sci Com 2007/07bis: auto-saisine). Bruxelles: AFSCA; 2009. Available from http://www.afsca.be.
54. FDA, Food and Drug Administration. 2009. Safety assessment of BPA in medical products. August 7, 2009. Available from: http://www.fda.gov.
55. Fleisch A.F., Sheffield P.E., Chinn C., Edelstein B.L., Landrigan P.J. Bisphenol A and related compounds in dental materials. Pediatrics 2010, 126:760-768.
56. Fung E.Y.K., Ewoldsen N.O., St Germain H.A., Marx D.B., Miaw C.L., Siew C., Chou H.N., Gruninger S.E., Meyer D.M. Pharmacokinetics of bisphenol A released from a rental sealant. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2000, 131:51-58.
57. Gallart-Ayala H., Moyana E., Galceran M.T. Analysis of bisphenols in soft drinks by online solid phase extraction fast miquis chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2010, 683:227-233.
58. Galloway T., Cipelli R., Guralnik J., Ferrucci L., Bandinelli S., Corsi A.M., Money C., McCormack P., Melzer D. Daily bisphenol A excretion and associations with sex hormone concentrations: results from the InCHIANTI adult population study. Environ. Health Perspect. 2010, 118:1603-1608.
59. Geens T., Roosens L., Neels H., Covaci A. Assessment of human exposure to bisphenol-A, triclosan and tetrabromobisphenol-A through indoor dust intake in Belgium. Chemosphere 2009, 76:755-760.
60. Geens T., Apelbaum T.Z., Goeyens L., Neels H., Covaci A. Intake of bisphenol A from canned beverages and foods on the Belgian market. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. 2010, 27:1627-1637.
61. Geens T., Goeyens L., Covaci A. Are potential sources for human exposure to bisphenol-A overlooked?. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2011, 214:339-347.
62. Ginsberg G., Rice D.C. Does rapid metabolism ensure negligible risk from bisphenol A?. Environ. Health Perspect. 2009, 117:1639-1643.
63. Goodson A., Summerfield W., Cooper I. Survey of bisphenol A and bisphenol F in canned foods. Food Addit. Contam. 2002, 19:796-802.
64. Goodson A., Robin H., Summerfield W., Cooper I. Migration of bisphenol A from can coating - effects of damage, storage conditions and heating. Food Addit. Contam. 2004, 21:1015-1026.
65. Grob K., Biedermann M., Scherbaum E., Roth M., Rieger K. Food contamination with organic materials in perspective: Packaging materials as the largest and least controlled source? A view focusing on the European situation. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. 2006, 46:529-535.
66. Health Canada. 2008. Screening assessment for the challenge: phenol 4,4-(1-methylethylidene)bis (bisphenol A). CAS Registry No. 80-05-7. Ottawa, Ontario, Health Canada.
67. Haishima Y., Hayashi Y., Yagami T., Nakamura A. Elution of bisphenol-A from hemodialyzers consisting of polycarbonate and polysulfone resins. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 2001, 58:209-215.
68. He Y., Miao M., Herrinton L.J., Wu C., Yuan W., Zhou Z., Li D.K. Bisphenol A levels in blood and urine in a Chinese population and the personal factors affecting the levels. Environ. Res. 2009, 109:629-633.
69. Hong Y.C., Park E.Y., Park M.S., Ko J.A., Oh S.Y., Kim H., Lee K.H., Leem J.H., Ha E.H. Community level exposure to chemicals and oxidative stress in adult population. Toxicol. Lett. 2009, 184:139-144.
70. INSERM - Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, 2010. Bisphénol A: Effets sur la reproduction. Rapport préliminaire. INSERM, Paris.
71. Jones-Otazo H.A., Clarke J.P., Diamond M.L., Archbold J.A., Ferguson G., Harner T., Richardson G.M., Ryan J.J., Wilford B. Is house dust the missing exposure pathway for PBDEs? An analysis of the urban fate and human exposure to PBDEs. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39:5121-5130.
72. Kang J.H., Kondo F. Determination of bisphenol A in milk and dairy products by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J. Food Prot. 2003, 66:1439-1443.
73. Koch H.M., Calafat A.M. Human body burdens of chemicals used in plastic manufacture. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2009, 364:2063-2078.
74. Kubwabo C., Kosarac I., Stewart B., Gauthier B.R., Lalonde K., Lalonde P.J. Migration of bisphenol A from plastic baby bottles, baby bottle liners and reusable polycarbonate drinking bottles. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. 2009, 26:928-937.
75. Lang I.A., Galloway T.S., Scarlett A., Henley W.E., Depledge M., Wallace R.B., Melzer D. Association of urinary bisphenol A concentration with medical disorders and laboratory abnormalities in adults. JAMA 2008, 300:1303-1310.
76. Lakind J.S., Naiman D.Q. Bisphenol A (BPA) daily intakes in the United States: estimates from the 2003-2004 NHANES urinary BPA data. J. Exp. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2008, 18:608-615.
77. Lassen, C., Mikkelsen, S.H., Brandt, U.K., 2011. Migration of bisphenol A from cash register receipts and baby dummies. In: Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products. Danish Ministry of the Environment, No. 110.
78. Le H.H., Carlson E.M., Chua J.P., Belcher S.M. Bisphenol A is released from polycarbonate drinking bottles and mimics the neurotoxic actions of estrogen in developing cerebellar neurons. Toxicol. Lett. 2008, 176:149-156.
79. Li X., Ying G.G., Su H.C., Yang X.B., Wang L. Simultaneous determination and assessment of 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A and triclosan in tap water, bottled water and baby bottles. Environ. Int. 2010, 36:557-562.
80. Li, X., Ying, G.G., Zhao, J.L., Chen, Z.F., Lai, H.J., Su, H.C. in press. 4-Nonylphenol, bisphenol-A and triclosan levels in human urine of children and students in China and the effects of drinking these bottles materials on levels. Environ. Int.
81. Liao C., Kannan K. Widespread occurrence of bisphenol A in paper and paper products: implications for human exposure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:9372-9379.
82. Liao C., Kannan K. High levels of bisphenol A in paper currencies from several countries, and implications for dermal exposure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:6761-6768.
83. Lim D.S., Kwack S.J., Kim K.B., Kim H.S., Lee B.M. Risk assessment of bisphenol A migrated from canned foods in Korea. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A. 2009, 72:1327-1335.
84. Lim D.S., Kwack S.J., Kim K.B., Kim H.S., Lee B.M. Potential risk of bisphenol A migration from polycarbonate containers after heating, boiling and microwaving. J. Toxicol. Env. Health A. 2009, 72:1285-1291.
85. Loganathan S.N., Kannan K. Occurrence of bisphenol A in indoor dust from two locations in the Eastern United States and implications for human exposures. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2011, 61:68-73.
86. Lopez-Cervantes J., Paseiro-Losada P. Determination of bisphenol A in and its migration from, PVC stretch film used for food packaging. Food Addit. Contam. 2003, 20:596-606.
87. Maia J., Cruz J.M., Sendón R., Bustos J., Sanchez J.J., Paseiro P. Effect of detergents in the release of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles. Food Res. Int. 2009, 42:1410-1414.
88. Maia J., Cruz J.M., Sendón R., Bustos J., Cirugeda M.E., Sanchez J.J., Paseiro P. Effect of amines in the release of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles. Food Res. Int. 2010, 43:1283-1288.
89. Maragou N.C., Makri A., Lampi E.N., Thomaidis N.S., Koupparis M.A. Migration of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles under real use conditions. Food Addit. Contam. 2008, 25:373-383.
90. Mariscal-Arcas M., Rivas A., Granada A., Monteagudo C., Murcia M.A., Olea-Serrano F. Dietary exposure assessment of pregnant women to bisphenol A from cans and microwave containers in Southern Spain. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2009, 47:506-510.
91. Markham D.A., Waechter J.M., Wimber M., Rao N., Connolly P., Chuang J.C., Hentges S., Shiotsuka R.N., Dimond S., Chappelle A.H. Development of a method for the determination of bisphenol-A at trace concentrations in human blood and urine and elucidation of factors influencing method accuracy and sensitivity. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2010, 34:293-303.
92. Matthews J.B., Twomey K., Zacharewski T.R. In vitro and in vivo interactions of bisphenol A and its metabolite, bisphenol A glucuronide, with estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2001, 14:149-157.
93. Melzer D., Rice N.E., Lewis C., Henley W.E., Galloway T.S. Association of urinary bisphenol A concentration with heart disease: evidence from NHANES 2003/06. PLoS ONE 2010, 5:e8673.
94. Melzer, D., Osborne, N.J., Henley, W.E., Cipelli, R., Young, A., Money, C., McCormack, P., Luben, R., Khaw, K.T., Wareham, N.J., Galloway, T.S., Urinary bisphenol-A concentration and risk of future coronary artery disease in apparently healthy men and women. Circulation, in press (). http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.069153.
95. Mendum T., Stoler E., Van Benschoten H., Warner J.C. Concentration of bisphenol A in thermal paper. Green Chem. Lett. Rev. 2011, 4:81-86.
96. Mielke H., Partisch F., Gundert-Remy U. The contribution of dermal exposure to the internal exposure of bisphenol A in man. Toxicol. Lett. 2011, 204:190-198.
97. Milieu en Gezondheid. 2010. Vlaams Humaan Biomonitoringsprogramma 2007-2011. Resultatenrapport: deel referentiebiomonitoring.
98. Mørck T.J., Sorda G., Bechi N., Rasmussen B.S., Nielsen J.B., Ietta F., Rytting E., Mathiesen L., Paulesu L., Knudsen L.E. Placental transport and in vitro effects of bisphenol A. Reprod. Toxicol. 2010, 30:131-137.
99. Morgan M.K., Jones P.A., Calafat A.M., Ye X., Croghan C.W., Chuang J.C., Wilson N.K., Clifton M.S., Figueroa Z., Sheldon L.S. Assessing the quantitative relationship between preschool children's exposure to bisphenol A by route and urinary biomonitoring. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:5309-5316.
100. Munguia-Lopez E.M., Soto-Valdez H. Effect of heat processing and storage time on migration of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether (BADGE) to aqueous food simulant from Mexican can coatings. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49:3666-3671.
101. Munguia-Lopez E.M., Peralta E., Gonzalez-Leon A., Vargas-Requena C., Soto-Valdez H. Migration of bisphenol A (BPA) from epoxy can coatings to jalapeño peppers and an acid food simulant. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50:7299-7302.
102. Munguia-Lopez E.M., Gerardo-Lugo S., Peralta E., Bolumen S., Soto-Valdez H. Migration of bisphenol A from can coatings into a fatty-food simulant and tuna fish. Food Addit. Contam. 2005, 22:892-898.
103. Nam S.H., Seo Y.M., Kim M.G. Bisphenol A migration from polycarbonate baby bottle with repeated use. Chemosphere 2010, 79:949-952.
104. Nathanson D., Lertpitayakun P., Lamkin M.S., Edalatpour M., Chou L.L. In vitro elution of leachable components from dental sealants. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 1997, 128:1517-1523.
105. Needham L.L., Sexton K. Assessing children's exposure to hazardous environmental chemicals: an overview of selected research challenges and complexities - Introduction and overview. J. Exp. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 2000, 10:611-629.
106. Needham L.L., Calafat A.M., Barr D.B. Uses and issues of biomonitoring. Intern. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2007, 210:229-238.
107. Noonan G.O., Ackerman L.K., Begley T.H. Concentration of bisphenol A in highly consumed canned foods on the U.S. market. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011, 59:7178-7185.
108. Östberg T., Noaksson E. Bisfenol A in Svenska Kvitton 2010, Analysresultat, Institutet för Tillämoa Grön Kemi, Jämtlands läns Landsting.
109. Ozaki A., Yamaguchi Y., Fujita T., Kuroda K., Endo G. Chemical analysis and genotoxicological safety assessment of paper and paperboard used for food packaging. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2004, 42:1323-1337.
110. Plastics Europe (2007). Applications of Bisphenol A. Available from: http://www.bisphenol-a-europe.org.
111. Pottenger L.H., Domoradzki J.Y., Markham D.A., Hansen S.C., Cagen S.Z., Waechter J.M. The relative bioavailability and metabolism of bisphenol A in rats is dependent upon the route of administration. Toxicol. Sci. 2000, 54:3-18.
112. Roy, J.R., Chakraborty, S., Chakraborty, T.R. 2009. Estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemicals affecting puberty in humans - a review. Med. Sci. Monit. 15, RA137-145.
113. Rudel R.A., Camann D.E., Spengler J.D., Korn L.R., Brody J.G. Phthalates, alkylphenols, pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and other endocrine disrupting compounds in indoor air and dust. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37:4543-4553.
114. Rudel R.A., Gray J.M., Engel C.L., Rawsthorne T.W., Dodson R.E., Ackerman J.M., Rizzo J., Nudelman J.L., Brody J.G. Food packaging and bisphenol A and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure: findings from a dietary intervention. Environ. Health Perspect. 2011, 119:914-920.
115. Sajiki J., Miyamoto F., Fukata H., Mori C., Yonekuno J., Hayakawa K. Bisphenol A (BPA) and its source in foods in Japanese markets. Food Addit. Contam. 2007, 24:103-112.
116. Santillana M.I., Ruiz E., Nieto M.T., Bustos J., Maia J., Sendó R., Sanchez J.J. Migration of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles purchased in the Spanish market by liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. 2011, 28:1610-1618.
117. Schecter A., Malik N., Haffner D., Smith S., Harris T.R., Paepke O., Birnbaum L. Bisphenol A (BPA) in U.S. food. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44:9425-9430.
118. Simoneau C., Valzacchi S., Morkunas V., Van den Eede L. Comparison of migration from polyethersulphone and polycarbonate baby bottles. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. 2011, 28:1763-1768.
119. Snyder R.W., Maness S.C., Gaido K.W., Welsch F., Summer S.C.J., Fennell T.R. Metabolism and disposition of bisphenol A in female rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2000, 168:225-234.
120. Sperker B., Murdter T.E., Schick M., Eckhardt K., Bosslet K., Kroemer H.K. Inter-individual variability in expression and activity of human beta-glucuronidase in lever and kidney: consequences for drug metabolism. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1997, 281:914-920.
121. Takahashi Y., Shirai A., Segawa T., Takahashi T., Sakakibara K. Why does a color-developing phenomen occur on thermal paper comprising of a fluoran dye and a color developer molecule?. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2002, 75:2225-2231.
122. Teitelbaum S.L., Britton J.A., Calafat A.M., Ye X., Silva M.J., Reidy J.A., Galvez M.P., Brenner B.L., Wolff M.S. Temporal variability in urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, phytoestrogens and phenols among minority children in the United States. Environ. Res. 2008, 106:257-269.
123. Thomson B.M., Grounds P.R. Bisphenol A in canned foods in New Zealand: an exposure assessment. Food Addit. Contam. 2005, 22:65-72.
124. Vandenberg L.N., Hauser R., Marcus M., Olea N., Welshons W.V. Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA). Reprod. Toxicol. 2007, 24:139-177.
125. Vandenberg L.N., Chahoud I., Heindel J.J., Padmanabhan V., Paumgartten F.J., Schoenfelder G. Urinary, circulating, and tissue biomonitoring studies indicate widespread exposure to bisphenol A. Environ. Health Perspect. 2010, 118:1055-1070.
126. Van Landuyt K.L., Nawrot T., Geebelen B., De Munck J., Snauwaert J., Yoshihara K., Scheers H., Godderis L., Hoet P., Van Meerbeek B. How much do resin-based dental materials release? A meta-analytical approach. Dent. Mater. 2011, 27:723-747.
127. Vinggaard A.M., Korner W., Lund K.H., Bolz U., Petersen J.H. Identification and quantification of estrogenic compounds in recycled and virgin paper for household use as determined by an in vitro yeast estrogen screen and chemical analysis. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2000, 13:1214-1222.
128. Völkel W., Colnot T., Csanady G.A., Filser J.G., Dekant W. Metabolism and kinetics of bisphenol a in humans at low doses following oral administration. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2002, 15:1281-1287.
129. Völkel W., Bittner N., Dekant W. Quantitation of bisphenol A and bisphenol A glucuronide in biological samples by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2005, 33:1748-1757.
130. Völkel W., Kiranoglu M., Fromme H. Determination of free and total bisphenol A in human urine to assess daily uptake as a basis for a valid risk assessment. Toxicol. Lett. 2008, 179:155-162.
131. Völkel W., Kiranoglu M., Fromme H. Determination of free and total bisphenol A in urine of infants. Environ. Res. 2011, 111:143-148.
132. vom Saal F.S., Hughes C. An extensive new literature concerning low-dose effects of bisphenol-A shows the need for a new risk assessment. Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113:926-933.
133. von Goetz N., Wormuth M., Scheringer M., Hüngerbuhler K. Bisphenol A: how the most relevant exposure sources contribute to total consumer exposure. Risk. Anal. 2010, 30:473-487.
134. Welshons W.V., Nagel S.C., vom Saal F.S.V. Large effects from small exposures III - Endocrine mechanisms mediating effects of bisphenol A at levels of human exposure. Endocrinology 2006, 147:S56-S59.
135. Wilson N.K., Chuang J.C., Morgan M.K., Lordo R.A., Sheldon L.S. An observational study of potential exposures of preschool children to pentachlorophenol, bisphenol-A, and nonylphenol at home and daycare. Environ. Res. 2007, 103:9-20.
136. Wolff M.S., Teitelbaum S.L., Windham G., Pinney S.M., Britton J.A., Chelimo C., Godbold J., Biro F., Kushi L.H., Pfeiffer C.M., Calafat A.M. Pilot study of urinary biomarkers of phytoestrogens, phthalates, and phenols in girls. Environ. Health Perspect. 2007, 115:116-121.
137. Wolff M.S., Engel S.M., Berkowitz G.S., Ye X., Silva M.J., Zhu C., Wetmur J., Calafat A.M. Prenatal phenol and phthalate exposures and birth outcomes. Environ. Health Perspect. 2008, 116:1092-1097.
138. WHO 2010 Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting to Review Toxicological and Health Aspects of Bisphenol A. Summary report. Available from: http://www.who.int.
139. Yamasaki H., Nagake Y., Makino H. Determination of bisphenol A in effluents of hemodialyzers. Nephron 2001, 88:376-378.
140. Ye X., Pierik F.H., Hauser R., Duty S., Angerer J., Park M.M., Burdorf A., Hofman A., Jaddoe V.W.V., Mackenbach J.P., Steegers E.A.P., Tiemeier H., Longnecker M.P. Urinary metabolite concentrations of organophosphorous pesticides, bisphenol A, and phthalates among pregnant women in Rotterdam, the Netherlands: the generation R study. Environ. Res. 2008, 108:260-267.
141. Yoshida T., Horie M., Hoshino Y., Nakazawa H. Determination of bisphenol A in canned vegetables and fruit by high performance liquid chromatography. Food Addit. Contam. 2001, 18:69-75.
142. Zalko D., Jacques C., Duplan H., Bruel S., Perdu E. Viable skin efficiently absorbs and metabolizes bisphenol A. Chemosphere 2011, 82:424-430.
143. Zhang Z., Alomirah H., Cho H.S., Li Y.F., Liao C., Minh T.B., Mohd M.A., Nakata H., Ren N., Kannan K. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and their implications for human exposure in several Asian countries. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:7044-7050.