A method to determine the power to heat ratio, the cogenerated electricity and the primary energy savings of cogeneration systems after the European Directive

Energy

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 52-61

  Frangopoulos, Christos A ^a  

^a NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

Author keywords

Cogenerated electricity; Cogeneration systems; Power to heat ratio; Primary energy savings

Indexed keywords

BENCHMARKING;

COGENERATION SYSTEMS; ECONOMIC VIABILITY; EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE; FINANCIAL BENEFITS; HEAT RATIO; MECHANICAL ENERGIES; PERFORMANCE INDICATORS; PRIMARY ENERGY SAVINGS;

ENERGY CONSERVATION;

COGENERATION; COMPLIANCE; ECONOMIC IMPACT; ELECTRICITY GENERATION; ENERGY CONSERVATION; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; FEASIBILITY STUDY; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; REGULATORY FRAMEWORK; THERMAL POWER;

EUROPE;

EID: 84865423451     PISSN: 03605442     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.12.044     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. Directive 2004/8/EC of the European Parliament and the Council on the promotion of cogeneration. Official Journal of the European Union 11 February 2004, 21.2.2004: L 52/50-L 52/60.
2. Commission Decision establishing harmonized efficiency reference values for separate production of electricity and heat in application of Directive 2004/8/EC. Official Journal of the European Union 21 December 2006, 6.2.2007: L 32/183-L 32/188.
3. Commission Decision establishing detailed guidelines for the implementation and application of Annex II to Directive 2004/8/EC. Official Journal of the European Union 19 November 2008, 17.12.2008: L 338/55-L 338/61.
4. Cardona E., Piacentino A. Cogeneration: a regulatory framework toward growth. Energy Policy 2005, 33:2100-2111.
5. Nesheim S.J., Ertesvåg I.S. Efficiencies and indicators defined to promote combined heat and power. Energy Conversion & Management 2007, 48:1004-1015.
6. Verbruggen A. The merit of cogeneration: measuring and rewarding performance. Energy Policy 2008, 36:3069-3076.
7. Chicco G., Mancarella P. Assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions from cogeneration and trigeneration systems. Part I: models and indicators. Energy 2008, 33:410-417.
8. Mancarella P., Chicco G. Assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions from cogeneration and trigeneration systems. Part II: analysis techniques and application cases. Energy 2008, 33:418-430.
9. Hatsopoulos G.N., Keenan J.H. Principles of general thermodynamics 1981, Krieger, Huntington.
10. Gyftopoulos E.P., Beretta G.P. Thermodynamics: foundations and applications 1991, Macmillan, New York.
11. CEN/CENELEC Workshop Agreement, Report No. CWA 45547, September 2004. CENELEC Central Secretariat, rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
12. Martínez-Lera S., Ballester J. A novel method for the design of CHCP (combined heat, cooling and power) systems for buildings. Energy 2010, 35:2972-2984.