Awake Thoracic Surgery- Is it Worth the Trouble?

Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 106-114

  Pompeo, Eugenio ^a  

^a TOR VERGATA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Awake thoracic surgery; Complication; Local anesthesia; Paravertebral block; Regional anesthesia; TEA; VATS

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOPSY; CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; CLINICAL FEATURE; EMPHYSEMA; FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; FORCED VITAL CAPACITY; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LUNG METASTASIS; LUNG NODULE; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; LUNG VASOCONSTRICTION; LUNG VENTILATION; MEDIASTINUM BIOPSY; METASTASIS RESECTION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; PLEURA EFFUSION; PNEUMOTHORAX; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; SPIROMETRY; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; THORAX EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA; THORAX SURGERY; THYMECTOMY; VIDEO ASSISTED THORACOSCOPIC SURGERY; WAKEFULNESS; WEDGE RESECTION;

ANESTHESIA, CONDUCTION; CONSCIOUSNESS; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HUMANS; PATIENT SELECTION; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; THORACIC SURGERY, VIDEO-ASSISTED; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WAKEFULNESS;

EID: 84865395196     PISSN: 10430679     EISSN: 15329488     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2012.06.010     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Pompeo E., Mineo D., Rogliani P., et al. Feasibility and results of awake thoracoscopic resection of solitary pulmonary nodules. Ann Thorac Surg 2004, 78:1761-1768.
2. Pompeo E. Pathophysiology of surgical pneumothorax in the awake patient. Awake Thoracic Surgery (Ebook) 2012, 9-18. Bentham Science Publishers, Sharja, U.A.E. E. Pompeo (Ed.).
3. Rusch V.W., Mountain C. Thoracoscopy under regional anesthesia for the diagnosis and management of pleural disease. Am J Surg 1987, 154:274-278.
4. Mineo T.C., Pompeo E., Mineo D., et al. Awake nonresectional lung volume reduction surgery. Ann Surg 2006, 243:131-136.
5. Pompeo E., Mineo T.C. Awake pulmonary metastasectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007, 133:960-966.
6. Pompeo E., Mineo T.C. Two-year improvement in multidimensional body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index after nonresectional lung volume reduction surgery in awake patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2007, 84:1862-1869.
7. Al-Abdullatief M., Wahood A., Al-Shirawi N., et al. Awake anaesthesia for major thoracic surgical procedures: An observational study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007, 32:346-350.
8. Tacconi F., Pompeo E., Fabbi E., et al. Awake video-assisted pleural decortication for empyema thoracis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010, 37:594-601.
9. Pompeo E., Tacconi F., Mineo D., et al. The role of awake video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in spontaneous pneumothorax. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007, 133:786-790.
10. Macchiarini P., Rovira I., Ferrarello S. Awake upper airway surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2010, 89:387-390.
11. Sauerbruch F., O'Shaughnessy L. Thoracic Surgery 1937, 324-386. Edward Arnold, London, UK.
12. Kergin F.G. The treatment of chronic pleural empyema. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1955, 17:271-290.
13. Eloesser L. Local anesthesia in major surgery: Its uses and limitations. Cal State Med J 1923, 21:412-415.
14. Eloesser L. Recent advances in regional (local) anesthesia. Cal State Med J 1912, 10:90-97.
15. Sauerbruch F. The nature and history of the treatment of tuberculosis. Zentralbl Chir 1951, 76:421-430.
16. Lambert A. Axillary approach to Schede thoracoplasty. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1947, 84:56-61.
17. Birbeck L.H., Lorimer G.M., Gray H.M. Removal of a bullet from the right ventricle of the heart. 2 1915, 561-562.
18. Moisiuc F.V., Colt H.G. Thoracoscopy: origins revisited. Respiration 2007, 74:344-355.
19. Petrovsky B.V. Role of local anesthesia according to Vischnevsky in thoracic surgery. Anesth Analg 1952, 9:75-79.
20. Buckingham W.W., Beatty A.J., Brasher C.A., et al. An analysis of 607 surgical procedures done under epidural anesthesia. Mo Med 1950, 47:485-487.
21. Bjork V.O., Carlens E. The prevention of spread during pulmonary resections by the use of a double-lumen catheter. J Thorac Surg 1950, 20:151-157.
22. Djohar A. Thoracotomy under local anaesthesia: Personal experiences in 215 cases. Arch Chir Neerl 1976, 28:233-241.
23. Selby J.H., Leach C.L., Heath B.J., et al. Local anesthesia for mediastinoscopy: Experience with 450 consecutive cases. Am Surg 1978, 44:679-682.
24. Boutin C., Astoul P. Diagnostic thoracoscopy. Clin Chest Med 1998, 19:295-309.
25. Grichnik K.P., Clark J.A. Pathophysiology and management of one-lung ventilation. Thorac Surg Clin 2005, 15:85-103.
26. Benumof J.L. Distribution of ventilation and perfusion. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery 1995, 35-52. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. (ed 2). J.L. Benumof (Ed.).
27. Carey J.S., Hughes R.K. Hemodynamic studies in open pneumothorax. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1968, 55:538-545.
28. Pompeo E., Mineo T.C. Awake operative videothoracoscopic pulmonary resections. Thorac Surg Clin 2008, 18:311-320.
29. Raux M., Straus C., Redolfi S., et al. Electroencephalographic evidence for pre-motor cortex activation during inspiratory loading in humans. J Physiol 2007, 578:569-578.
30. Kregenow D.A., Swenson E.R. The lung and carbon dioxide: Implications for permissive and therapeutic hypercapnia. Eur Respir J 2002, 20:6-11.
31. Wildeboer-Venema F. The influences of temperature and humidity upon the isolated surfactant film of the dog. Respir Physiol 1980, 39:63-71.
32. Brogan T.V., Robertson H.T., Souders J.E., et al. Carbon dioxide added to the latter half of inspiration improves Va/Q matching without causing respiratory acidosis. FASEB J 2002, 16:A876.
33. Feihl F., Perret C. Permissive hypercapnia. How permissive should we be?. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994, 150:1722-1737.
34. DiBona G.F., Kopp U.C. Neural control of renal function. Physiol Rev 1997, 77:175-197.
35. Piccioni F., Langer M., Fumagalli L., et al. Thoracic paravertebral anesthesia for awake video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. J Anesth 2010, 65:1221-1224.
36. Aybek T., Kessler P., Dogan S., et al. Awake coronary artery bypass grafting: Utopia or reality?. Ann Thorac Surg 2003, 75:1165-1170.
37. Bodenham A.R., Howell S.J. General anaesthesia vs local anaesthesia: An ongoing story. Br J Anaesth 2009, 103:785-789.
38. J McCarthy R., Trigg R., John C., et al. Patient satisfaction for carotid endarterectomy performed under local anaesthesia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2004, 27:654-659.
39. Lepage C., Drolet P., Girard M., et al. Music decreases sedative requirements during spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2001, 93:912-916.
40. Pyati S., Gan T.J. Perioperative pain management. CNS Drugs 2007, 21:185-211.
41. Blomberg S., Emanuelsson H., Ricksten S.E. Thoracic epidural anesthesia and central hemodynamics in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Anesth Analg 1989, 69:558-562.
42. Davis R.F., DeBoer L.W., Maroko P.R. Thoracic epidural anesthesia reduces myocardial infarct size after coronary artery occlusion in dogs. Anesth Analg 1986, 65:711-717.
43. Klassen G.A., Bramwell R.S., Bromage P.R., et al. Effect on acute sympathectomy by epidural anesthesia on the canine coronary circulation. Anesthesiology 1980, 52:8-15.
44. Kock M., Blomberg S., Emanuelsson H., et al. Thoracic epidural anesthesia improves global and regional left ventricular function during stress-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Anesth Analg 1990, 71:625-630.
45. Williams J.P., Sullivan E.A., Ramakrishna H. Effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on the coagulation system. Clin Anesth 1999, 13:31-56.
46. Blake D.W. The general versus regional anaesthesia debate: Time to re-examine the goals. Aust N Z J Surg 1995, 65:51-56.
47. Mark D.B., Lam L.C., Lee K.L., et al. Effects of coronary angioplasty, coronary bypass surgery, and medical therapy on employment in patients with coronary artery disease. A prospective comparison study. Ann Intern Med 1994, 120:111-117.
48. Ribakove G.H., Miller J.S., Anderson R.V., et al. Minimally invasive port-access coronary artery bypass grafting with early angiographic follow-up: Initial clinical experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998, 115:1101-1110.
49. Parker B.M. Anaesthetics and anaesthesia techniques: Impact on perioperative management and postoperative outcomes. Clev Clin J Med 2006, 73:s13-s17.
50. Atanassoff P.G. Effects of regional anesthesia on perioperative outcome. J Clin Anesth 1996, 8:446-455.
51. Capdevila X., Biboulet P., Rubenovitch J., et al. The effects of cervical epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine on pulmonary function in conscious patients. Anesth Analg 1998, 86:1033-1038.
52. Clemente A., Carli F. The physiological effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia on the cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Minerva Anestesiol 2008, 74:459-463.
53. Pansard J.L., Mankikian B., Bertrand M., et al. Effects of thoracic extradural block on diaphragmatic electrical activity and contractility after upper abdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 1993, 78:63-71.
54. Pompeo E., Rogliani P., Tacconi F., et al. Randomized comparison of awake nonresectional versus nonawake resectional lung volume reduction surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012, 143:47-54.
55. Tønnesen E., Höhndorf K., Lerbjerg G., et al. Immunological and hormonal response to lung surgery during one-lung ventilation. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1993, 10:189-195.
56. Pflug A.E., Halter J.B. Effect of spinal anesthesia on adrenergic tone and the neuroendocrine responses to surgical stress in humans. Anesthesiology 1981, 55:120-126.
57. Brandt M.R., Fernades A., Mordhorst R., et al. Epidural analgesia improves postoperative nitrogen balance. BMJ 1978, 1:1106-1108.
58. Madsen S.N., Brandt M.R., Engquist A., et al. Inhibition of plasma cyclic AMP, glucose and cortisol response to surgery by epidural analgesia. Br J Surg 1977, 64:669-671.
59. Ahlers O., Nachtigall I., Lenze J., et al. Intraoperative thoracic epidural anaesthesia attenuates stress-induced immunosuppression in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Br J Anaesth 2008, 101:781-787.
60. Koltun W.A., Bloomer M.M., Tilberg A.F., et al. Awake epidural anesthesia is associated with improved natural killer cell cytotoxicity and a reduced stress response. Am J Surg 1996, 171:68-73.
61. Tacconi F., Pompeo E., Sellitri F., et al. Surgical stress hormones response is reduced after awake videothoracoscopy. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010, 10:666-671.
62. Vanni G., Tacconi F., Sellitri F., et al. Impact of awake videothoracoscopic surgery on postoperative lymphocyte responses. Ann Thorac Surg 2010, 90:973-978.
63. Exadaktylos A.K., Buggy D.J., Moriarty D.C., et al. Can anesthetic technique for primary breast cancer surgery affect recurrence or metastasis?. Anesthesiology 2006, 105:660-664.
64. Biki B., Mascha E., Moriarty D.C., et al. Anesthetic technique for radical prostatectomy surgery affects cancer recurrence: A retrospective analysis. Anesthesiology 2008, 109:180-187.
65. Horlocker T.T. Regional anesthesia: Complications of spinal and epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiol Clin North America 2000, 18:461-485.
66. Gibson P. Spinal cord damage following thoracic epidural anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care 2004, 32:596-597.
67. Neal J.M. Management of postdural puncture headache, epidural and spinal analgesia and anesthesia: Contemporary issues. Anesthesiology Clinics of North America 1993, 163-178. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. J.L. Benumof, M.S. Bantra (Eds.).
68. Gosavi C., Bland D., Poddar R., et al. Epidural abscess complicating insertion of epidural catheters. Br J Anaesth 2004, 92:294-295.
69. Renck H. Neurological complications of central nerve blocks. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1995, 39:859-868.
70. Jack E.S., Scott N.B. The risk of vertebral canal complications in 2837 cardiac surgery patients with thoracic epidurals. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007, 51:722-725.
71. Ruppen W., Derry S., McQuay H.J., et al. Incidence of epidural haematoma and neurological injury in cardiovascular patients with epidural analgesia/anesthesia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol 2006, 6:10.
72. Lesser T.G. Laser application enables awake thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules with minimal access. Surg Endosc 2012, 26:1181-1186.
73. Rocco G., Romano V., Accardo R., et al. Awake single-access (uniportal) video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for peripheral pulmonary nodules in a complete ambulatory setting. Ann Thorac Surg 2010, 89:1625-1628.
74. Nezu K., Kushibe K., Tojo T., et al. Thoracoscopic wedge resection of blebs under local anesthesia with sedation for treatment of a spontaneous pneumothorax. Chest 1997, 111:230-235.
75. Mukaida T., Andou A., Date H., et al. Thoracoscopic operation for secondary pneumothorax under local and epidural anesthesia in high-risk patients. Ann Thorac Surg 1998, 65:924-926.
76. Sugimoto S., Date H., Sugimoto R., et al. Thoracoscopic operation with local and epidural anesthesia in the treatment of pneumothorax after lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005, 130:1219-1220.
77. Noda M., Okada Y., Maeda S., et al. Is there a benefit of awake thoracoscopic surgery in patients with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax?. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012, 143:613-616.
78. Tacconi F., Pompeo E., Forcella D., et al. Lung volume reduction reoperations. Ann Thorac Surg 2008, 85:1171-1177.
79. Pompeo E., Tacconi F., Frasca L., et al. Awake thoracoscopic bullaplasty. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011, 39:1012-1017.
80. Katlic M.R., Facktor M.A. Video-assisted thoracic surgery utilizing local anesthesia and sedation: 384 consecutive cases. Ann Thorac Surg 2010, 90:240-245.
81. Guarracino F., Gemignani R., Pratesi G., et al. Awake palliative thoracic surgery in a high-risk patient: One-lung, non-invasive ventilation combined with epidural blockade. J Anesth 2008, 63:761-763.
82. Sibert K.S., Biondi J.W., Hirsch N.P. Spontaneous respiration during thoracotomy in a patient with a mediastinal mass. Anesth Analg 1987, 66:904-907.
83. Rendina E.A., Venuta F., De Giacomo T., et al. Biopsy of anterior mediastinal masses under local anesthesia. Ann Thorac Surg 2002, 74:1720-1722.
84. Pompeo E., Tacconi F., Mineo T.C. Awake video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy in complex anterior mediastinal masses. Thorac Surg Clin 2010, 20:225-233.
85. Fang W.T., Xu M.Y., Chen G., et al. Minimally invasive approaches for histological diagnosis of anterior mediastinal masses. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007, 120:675-679.
86. Mahmodlou R., Mohtazeri V., Rahimi-Rad M.H., et al. Mini-mediastinotomy under local anesthesia for biopsy of anterior mediastinal masses with airway compression. Pneumologia 2011, 60:143-146.
87. Tsunezuka Y., Oda M., Matsumoto I., et al. Extended thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis with high thoracic epidural anesthesia alone. World J Surg 2004, 28:962-965.
88. Matsumoto I., Oda M., Watanabe G. Awake endoscopic thymectomy via an infrasternal approach using sterna lifting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008, 56:311-313.
89. Elia S., Guggino G., Mineo D., et al. Awake one stage bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis: A safe outpatient procedure. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005, 28:312-317.