메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 60, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 1555-1566

Oligodendroglia are limited in type i interferon induction and responsiveness in vivo

Author keywords

Central nervous system; Coronavirus; IFN ; Innate immunity; Oligodendroglia

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; ALPHA INTERFERON RECEPTOR; BETA INTERFERON; BETA INTERFERON RECEPTOR; DOUBLE STRANDED RNA; I KAPPA B KINASE EPSILON; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 7; MESSENGER RNA; PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR; VIRUS RNA;

EID: 84865321249     PISSN: 08941491     EISSN: 10981136     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/glia.22375     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0032211097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic expression of IFN-alpha in the central nervous system of mice protects against lethal neurotropic viral infection but induces inflammation and neurodegeneration
    • Akwa Y, Hassett DE, Eloranta ML, Sandberg K, Masliah E, Powell H, Whitton JL, Bloom FE, Campbell IL. 1998. Transgenic expression of IFN-alpha in the central nervous system of mice protects against lethal neurotropic viral infection but induces inflammation and neurodegeneration. J Immunol 161: 5016-5026.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.161 , pp. 5016-5026
    • Akwa, Y.1    Hassett, D.E.2    Eloranta, M.L.3    Sandberg, K.4    Masliah, E.5    Powell, H.6    Whitton, J.L.7    Bloom, F.E.8    Campbell, I.L.9
  • 2
    • 0035909372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3
    • Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA. 2001. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature 413: 732-738.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 732-738
    • Alexopoulou, L.1    Holt, A.C.2    Medzhitov, R.3    Flavell, R.A.4
  • 3
    • 38849133044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A calculated response: Control of inflammation by the innate immune system
    • Barton GM. 2008. A calculated response: Control of inflammation by the innate immune system. J Clin Invest 118: 413-420.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 413-420
    • Barton, G.M.1
  • 4
    • 0030914301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA editing and hypermutation by adenosine deamination
    • Bass BL. 1997. RNA editing and hypermutation by adenosine deamination. Trends Biochem Sci 22: 157-162.
    • (1997) Trends Biochem Sci , vol.22 , pp. 157-162
    • Bass, B.L.1
  • 5
    • 31544476315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronavirus infection of the central nervous system: Host-virus stand-off
    • Bergmann CC, Lane TE, Stohlman SA. 2006. Coronavirus infection of the central nervous system: Host-virus stand-off. Nat Rev Microbiol 4: 121-132.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.4 , pp. 121-132
    • Bergmann, C.C.1    Lane, T.E.2    Stohlman, S.A.3
  • 7
    • 27144467078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of the persistent infection and demyelinating disease caused by Theiler's virus
    • Brahic M, Bureau JF, Michiels T. 2005. The genetics of the persistent infection and demyelinating disease caused by Theiler's virus. Annu Rev Microbiol 59: 279-298.
    • (2005) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.59 , pp. 279-298
    • Brahic, M.1    Bureau, J.F.2    Michiels, T.3
  • 8
    • 0036841178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broad expression of Toll-like receptors in the human central nervous system
    • Bsibsi M, Ravid R, Gveric D, van Noort JM. 2002. Broad expression of Toll-like receptors in the human central nervous system. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 61: 1013-1021.
    • (2002) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 1013-1021
    • Bsibsi, M.1    Ravid, R.2    Gveric, D.3    van Noort, J.M.4
  • 9
    • 77950896927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between TLR7 and TLR9 agonists and receptors regulate innate immune responses by astrocytes and microglia
    • Butchi NB, Du M, Peterson KE. 2010. Interactions between TLR7 and TLR9 agonists and receptors regulate innate immune responses by astrocytes and microglia. Glia 58: 650-664.
    • (2010) Glia , vol.58 , pp. 650-664
    • Butchi, N.B.1    Du, M.2    Peterson, K.E.3
  • 10
    • 0346688788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Cytokine receptors on oligodendrocytes predict innate regulation
    • Cannella B, Raine CS. 2004. Multiple sclerosis: Cytokine receptors on oligodendrocytes predict innate regulation. Ann Neurol 55: 46-57.
    • (2004) Ann Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 46-57
    • Cannella, B.1    Raine, C.S.2
  • 11
    • 37349032870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial toll-like receptor signaling in central nervous system infection and autoimmunity
    • Carpentier PA, Duncan DS, Miller SD. 2008. Glial toll-like receptor signaling in central nervous system infection and autoimmunity. Brain Behav Immun 22: 140-147.
    • (2008) Brain Behav Immun , vol.22 , pp. 140-147
    • Carpentier, P.A.1    Duncan, D.S.2    Miller, S.D.3
  • 12
    • 79952575531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the role of Toll-like receptors in diseases of the central nervous system
    • Carty M, Bowie AG. 2011. Evaluating the role of Toll-like receptors in diseases of the central nervous system. Biochem Pharmacol 81: 825-837.
    • (2011) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.81 , pp. 825-837
    • Carty, M.1    Bowie, A.G.2
  • 14
    • 33947722603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR pathways and IFN-regulatory factors: To each its own
    • Colonna M. 2007. TLR pathways and IFN-regulatory factors: To each its own. Eur J Immunol 37: 306-309.
    • (2007) Eur J Immunol , vol.37 , pp. 306-309
    • Colonna, M.1
  • 17
    • 0029148972 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and expression of a long form of the beta subunit of the interferon alpha beta receptor that is required for signaling
    • Domanski P, Witte M, Kellum M, Rubinstein M, Hackett R, Pitha P, Colamonici OR. 1995. Cloning and expression of a long form of the beta subunit of the interferon alpha beta receptor that is required for signaling. J Biol Chem 270: 21606-21611.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 21606-21611
    • Domanski, P.1    Witte, M.2    Kellum, M.3    Rubinstein, M.4    Hackett, R.5    Pitha, P.6    Colamonici, O.R.7
  • 18
    • 0035153212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune function of astrocytes
    • Dong Y, Benveniste EN. 2001. Immune function of astrocytes. Glia 36: 180-190.
    • (2001) Glia , vol.36 , pp. 180-190
    • Dong, Y.1    Benveniste, E.N.2
  • 19
    • 0030024563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of the mouse Stat1 gene results in compromised innate immunity to viral disease
    • Durbin JE, Hackenmiller R, Simon MC, Levy DE. 1996. Targeted disruption of the mouse Stat1 gene results in compromised innate immunity to viral disease. Cell 84: 443-450.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.84 , pp. 443-450
    • Durbin, J.E.1    Hackenmiller, R.2    Simon, M.C.3    Levy, D.E.4
  • 20
    • 0022446017 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenicity of antigenic variants of murine coronavirus JHM selected with monoclonal antibodies
    • Fleming JO, Trousdale MD, El-Zaatari FA, Stohlman SA, Weiner LP. 1986. Pathogenicity of antigenic variants of murine coronavirus JHM selected with monoclonal antibodies. J Virol 58: 869-875.
    • (1986) J Virol , vol.58 , pp. 869-875
    • Fleming, J.O.1    Trousdale, M.D.2    El-Zaatari, F.A.3    Stohlman, S.A.4    Weiner, L.P.5
  • 21
    • 0034651644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purification and analysis of in vivo-differentiated oligodendrocytes expressing the green fluorescent protein
    • Fuss B, Mallon B, Phan T, Ohlemeyer C, Kirchhoff F, Nishiyama A, Macklin WB. 2000. Purification and analysis of in vivo-differentiated oligodendrocytes expressing the green fluorescent protein. Dev Biol 218: 259-274.
    • (2000) Dev Biol , vol.218 , pp. 259-274
    • Fuss, B.1    Mallon, B.2    Phan, T.3    Ohlemeyer, C.4    Kirchhoff, F.5    Nishiyama, A.6    Macklin, W.B.7
  • 24
    • 0036849018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia as a source and target of cytokines
    • Hanisch UK. 2002. Microglia as a source and target of cytokines. Glia 40: 140-155.
    • (2002) Glia , vol.40 , pp. 140-155
    • Hanisch, U.K.1
  • 25
    • 80052315340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors in health and disease in the brain: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential
    • Hanke ML, Kielian T. 2011. Toll-like receptors in health and disease in the brain: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Clin Sci (Lond) 121: 367-387.
    • (2011) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.121 , pp. 367-387
    • Hanke, M.L.1    Kielian, T.2
  • 26
    • 33748051738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IRFs: Master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors
    • Honda K, Taniguchi T. 2006. IRFs: Master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors. Nat Rev Immunol 6: 644-658.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 644-658
    • Honda, K.1    Taniguchi, T.2
  • 28
    • 37349029705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type I interferons are essential in controlling neurotropic coronavirus infection irrespective of functional CD8 T cells
    • Ireland DD, Stohlman SA, Hinton DR, Atkinson R, Bergmann CC. 2008. Type I interferons are essential in controlling neurotropic coronavirus infection irrespective of functional CD8 T cells. J Virol 82: 300-310.
    • (2008) J Virol , vol.82 , pp. 300-310
    • Ireland, D.D.1    Stohlman, S.A.2    Hinton, D.R.3    Atkinson, R.4    Bergmann, C.C.5
  • 30
    • 84863172614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 is critical for protection against Theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease
    • Jin YH, Kim SJ, So EY, Meng L, Colonna M, Kim BS. 2011. Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 is critical for protection against Theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease. J Virol 86: 1531-1543.
    • (2011) J Virol , vol.86 , pp. 1531-1543
    • Jin, Y.H.1    Kim, S.J.2    So, E.Y.3    Meng, L.4    Colonna, M.5    Kim, B.S.6
  • 31
    • 66149158158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-12 (IL-12), but not IL-23, deficiency ameliorates viral encephalitis without affecting viral control
    • Kapil P, Atkinson R, Ramakrishna C, Cua DJ, Bergmann CC, Stohlman SA. 2009. Interleukin-12 (IL-12), but not IL-23, deficiency ameliorates viral encephalitis without affecting viral control. J Virol 83: 5978-5986.
    • (2009) J Virol , vol.83 , pp. 5978-5986
    • Kapil, P.1    Atkinson, R.2    Ramakrishna, C.3    Cua, D.J.4    Bergmann, C.C.5    Stohlman, S.A.6
  • 33
    • 34248672889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral signaling through pattern recognition receptors
    • Kawai T, Akira S. 2007. Antiviral signaling through pattern recognition receptors. J Biochem 141: 137-145.
    • (2007) J Biochem , vol.141 , pp. 137-145
    • Kawai, T.1    Akira, S.2
  • 34
    • 63649108380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of TLRs, RLRs and NLRs in pathogen recognition
    • Kawai T, Akira S. 2009. The roles of TLRs, RLRs and NLRs in pathogen recognition. Int Immunol 21: 317-337.
    • (2009) Int Immunol , vol.21 , pp. 317-337
    • Kawai, T.1    Akira, S.2
  • 35
    • 0034948808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The virus battles: IFN induction of the antiviral state and mechanisms of viral evasion
    • Levy DE, Garcia-Sastre A. 2001. The virus battles: IFN induction of the antiviral state and mechanisms of viral evasion. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 12: 143-156.
    • (2001) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev , vol.12 , pp. 143-156
    • Levy, D.E.1    Garcia-Sastre, A.2
  • 36
    • 77953298571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murine coronavirus induces type I interferon in oligodendrocytes through recognition by RIG-I and MDA5
    • Li J, Liu Y, Zhang X. 2010. Murine coronavirus induces type I interferon in oligodendrocytes through recognition by RIG-I and MDA5. J Virol 84: 6472-6482.
    • (2010) J Virol , vol.84 , pp. 6472-6482
    • Li, J.1    Liu, Y.2    Zhang, X.3
  • 37
    • 34447504060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A specific viral cause of multiple sclerosis: One virus, one disease
    • Lipton HL, Liang Z, Hertzler S, Son KN. 2007. A specific viral cause of multiple sclerosis: One virus, one disease. Ann Neurol 61: 514-523.
    • (2007) Ann Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 514-523
    • Lipton, H.L.1    Liang, Z.2    Hertzler, S.3    Son, K.N.4
  • 38
    • 0036230176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promotion of alpha/beta interferon induction during in vivo viral infection through alpha/beta interferon receptor/STAT1 system-dependent and -independent pathways
    • Malmgaard L, Salazar-Mather TP, Lewis CA, Biron CA. 2002. Promotion of alpha/beta interferon induction during in vivo viral infection through alpha/beta interferon receptor/STAT1 system-dependent and -independent pathways. J Virol 76: 4520-4525.
    • (2002) J Virol , vol.76 , pp. 4520-4525
    • Malmgaard, L.1    Salazar-Mather, T.P.2    Lewis, C.A.3    Biron, C.A.4
  • 39
    • 38949145795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of class I antigen processing components in oligodendroglia and microglia during viral encephalomyelitis
    • Malone KE, Stohlman SA, Ramakrishna C, Macklin W, Bergmann CC. 2008. Induction of class I antigen processing components in oligodendroglia and microglia during viral encephalomyelitis. Glia 56: 426-435.
    • (2008) Glia , vol.56 , pp. 426-435
    • Malone, K.E.1    Stohlman, S.A.2    Ramakrishna, C.3    Macklin, W.4    Bergmann, C.C.5
  • 41
    • 66449088641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses
    • Table of Contents).
    • Mogensen TH. 2009. Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses. Clin Microbiol Rev 22: 240-273 (Table of Contents).
    • (2009) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.22 , pp. 240-273
    • Mogensen, T.H.1
  • 43
    • 19944366634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-7 and IRF-9 gene expression in the central nervous system during viral infection
    • Ousman SS, Wang J, Campbell IL. 2005. Differential regulation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-7 and IRF-9 gene expression in the central nervous system during viral infection. J Virol 79: 7514-7527.
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 7514-7527
    • Ousman, S.S.1    Wang, J.2    Campbell, I.L.3
  • 44
    • 77649094977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma interferon signaling in oligodendrocytes is critical for protection from neurotropic coronavirus infection
    • Parra GI, Bergmann CC, Phares TW, Hinton DR, Atkinson R, Stohlman SA. 2010. Gamma interferon signaling in oligodendrocytes is critical for protection from neurotropic coronavirus infection. J Virol 84: 3111-3115.
    • (2010) J Virol , vol.84 , pp. 3111-3115
    • Parra, G.I.1    Bergmann, C.C.2    Phares, T.W.3    Hinton, D.R.4    Atkinson, R.5    Stohlman, S.A.6
  • 46
    • 79952075576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IKK kinases: Operators of antiviral signaling
    • Pham AM, Tenoever BR. 2010. The IKK kinases: Operators of antiviral signaling. Viruses 2: 55-72.
    • (2010) Viruses , vol.2 , pp. 55-72
    • Pham, A.M.1    Tenoever, B.R.2
  • 47
    • 79952374885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors supporting intrathecal humoral responses following viral encephalomyelitis
    • Phares TW, Marques CP, Stohlman SA, Hinton DR, Bergmann CC. 2011. Factors supporting intrathecal humoral responses following viral encephalomyelitis. J Virol 85: 2589-2598.
    • (2011) J Virol , vol.85 , pp. 2589-2598
    • Phares, T.W.1    Marques, C.P.2    Stohlman, S.A.3    Hinton, D.R.4    Bergmann, C.C.5
  • 49
    • 0032904541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligodendroglial response to the immune cytokine interferon gamma
    • Popko B, Baerwald KD. 1999. Oligodendroglial response to the immune cytokine interferon gamma. Neurochem Res 24: 331-338.
    • (1999) Neurochem Res , vol.24 , pp. 331-338
    • Popko, B.1    Baerwald, K.D.2
  • 50
    • 53749083591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus is recognized by MDA5 and induces type I interferon in brain macrophages/microglia
    • Roth-Cross JK, Bender SJ, Weiss SR. 2008. Murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus is recognized by MDA5 and induces type I interferon in brain macrophages/microglia. J Virol 82: 9829-9838.
    • (2008) J Virol , vol.82 , pp. 9829-9838
    • Roth-Cross, J.K.1    Bender, S.J.2    Weiss, S.R.3
  • 51
    • 0034769960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viruses and interferons
    • Sen GC. 2001. Viruses and interferons. Annu Rev Microbiol 55: 255-281.
    • (2001) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.55 , pp. 255-281
    • Sen, G.C.1
  • 52
    • 0033636254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracerebral recruitment and maturation of dendritic cells in the onset and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Serafini B, Columba-Cabezas S, Di Rosa F, Aloisi F. 2000. Intracerebral recruitment and maturation of dendritic cells in the onset and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Am J Pathol 157: 1991-2002.
    • (2000) Am J Pathol , vol.157 , pp. 1991-2002
    • Serafini, B.1    Columba-Cabezas, S.2    Di Rosa, F.3    Aloisi, F.4
  • 53
    • 69449098466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligonucleotide array analysis of Toll-like receptors and associated signalling genes in Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-infected mouse brain
    • Sharma A, Maheshwari RK. 2009. Oligonucleotide array analysis of Toll-like receptors and associated signalling genes in Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-infected mouse brain. J Gen Virol 90(Part 8): 1836-1847.
    • (2009) J Gen Virol , vol.90 , Issue.PART 8 , pp. 1836-1847
    • Sharma, A.1    Maheshwari, R.K.2
  • 54
    • 0344736838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection and injury of neurons by West Nile encephalitis virus
    • Shrestha B, Gottlieb D, Diamond MS. 2003. Infection and injury of neurons by West Nile encephalitis virus. J Virol 77: 13203-13213.
    • (2003) J Virol , vol.77 , pp. 13203-13213
    • Shrestha, B.1    Gottlieb, D.2    Diamond, M.S.3
  • 55
    • 0021101129 scopus 로고
    • Coronavirus JHM: Nucleotide sequence of the mRNA that encodes nucleocapsid protein
    • Skinner MA, Siddell SG. 1983. Coronavirus JHM: Nucleotide sequence of the mRNA that encodes nucleocapsid protein. Nucleic Acids Res 11: 5045-5054.
    • (1983) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.11 , pp. 5045-5054
    • Skinner, M.A.1    Siddell, S.G.2
  • 56
    • 69649097190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theiler's virus infection induces TLR3-dependent upregulation of TLR2 critical for proinflammatory cytokine production
    • So EY, Kim BS. 2009. Theiler's virus infection induces TLR3-dependent upregulation of TLR2 critical for proinflammatory cytokine production. Glia 57: 1216-1226.
    • (2009) Glia , vol.57 , pp. 1216-1226
    • So, E.Y.1    Kim, B.S.2
  • 57
    • 42949160129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IFN-lambda (IFN-lambda) is expressed in a tissue-dependent fashion and primarily acts on epithelial cells in vivo
    • Sommereyns C, Paul S, Staeheli P, Michiels T. 2008. IFN-lambda (IFN-lambda) is expressed in a tissue-dependent fashion and primarily acts on epithelial cells in vivo. PLoS Pathogens 4: e1000017.
    • (2008) PLoS Pathogens , vol.4
    • Sommereyns, C.1    Paul, S.2    Staeheli, P.3    Michiels, T.4
  • 58
    • 33748455338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type I interferons in host defense
    • Stetson DB, Medzhitov R. 2006. Type I interferons in host defense. Immunity 25: 373-381.
    • (2006) Immunity , vol.25 , pp. 373-381
    • Stetson, D.B.1    Medzhitov, R.2
  • 59
    • 13944268693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal and reovirus-induced beta interferon (IFN-beta) and IFN-beta-stimulated gene expression are cell type specific in the cardiac protective response
    • Stewart MJ, Smoak K, Blum MA, Sherry B. 2005. Basal and reovirus-induced beta interferon (IFN-beta) and IFN-beta-stimulated gene expression are cell type specific in the cardiac protective response. J Virol 79: 2979-2987.
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 2979-2987
    • Stewart, M.J.1    Smoak, K.2    Blum, M.A.3    Sherry, B.4
  • 60
    • 33847687659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple functions of the IKK-related kinase IKKepsilon in interferon-mediated antiviral immunity
    • Tenoever BR, Ng SL, Chua MA, McWhirter SM, Garcia-Sastre A, Maniatis T. 2007. Multiple functions of the IKK-related kinase IKKepsilon in interferon-mediated antiviral immunity. Science 315: 1274-1278.
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , pp. 1274-1278
    • Tenoever, B.R.1    Ng, S.L.2    Chua, M.A.3    McWhirter, S.M.4    Garcia-Sastre, A.5    Maniatis, T.6
  • 61
    • 67849102209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors in the CNS: Implications for neurodegeneration and repair
    • van Noort JM, Bsibsi M. 2009. Toll-like receptors in the CNS: Implications for neurodegeneration and repair. Prog Brain Res 175: 139-148.
    • (2009) Prog Brain Res , vol.175 , pp. 139-148
    • van Noort, J.M.1    Bsibsi, M.2
  • 62
    • 33748470359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifty years of interferon research: Aiming at a moving target
    • Vilcek J. 2006. Fifty years of interferon research: Aiming at a moving target. Immunity 25: 343-348.
    • (2006) Immunity , vol.25 , pp. 343-348
    • Vilcek, J.1
  • 63
    • 37549070224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis is in a subtle balance between inflammation and neuroprotection
    • Zeis T, Graumann U, Reynolds R, Schaeren-Wiemers N. 2008. Normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis is in a subtle balance between inflammation and neuroprotection. Brain 131(Part 1): 288-303.
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 288-303
    • Zeis, T.1    Graumann, U.2    Reynolds, R.3    Schaeren-Wiemers, N.4
  • 64
    • 33846070661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse hepatitis virus does not induce Beta interferon synthesis and does not inhibit its induction by double-stranded RNA
    • Zhou H, Perlman S. 2007. Mouse hepatitis virus does not induce Beta interferon synthesis and does not inhibit its induction by double-stranded RNA. J Virol 81: 568-574.
    • (2007) J Virol , vol.81 , pp. 568-574
    • Zhou, H.1    Perlman, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.