Interpretation bias for facial expressions in high and low socially anxious individuals: Effects of stimulus duration

Hellenic Journal of Psychology

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 44-65

  Vassilopoulos, Stephanos P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS   (Greece)

Author keywords

Facial expressions; Interpretation; Social anxiety

Indexed keywords

EID: 84865321232     PISSN: 17901391     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2004). Interpersonal processes in social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 857-882
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author
3. Amir, N., Foa, E. B., & Coles, M. E. (1998). Negative interpretation bias in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 945-957
4. Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1997). An information processing model of anxiety: Automatic and strategic processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 49-58
5. Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. T. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective. New York: Harper Collins
6. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory manual (2nd ed.).San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation
7. Calvo, M. G., & Castillo, M. D. (1997). Mood-congruent bias in interpretation of ambiguity Strategic processes and temporary activation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50A, 163-182
8. Calvo, M. G., Eysenck, M. W., & Castillo, M. D. (1997). Interpretation bias in test anxiety: The time course of predictive inferences. Cognition and Emotion, 11, 43-63
9. Carton, J. S., Kessler, E. A., & Pape, C. L. (1999). Nonverbal decoding skills and relationship well-being in adults. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 23, 91-101
10. Chen, Y. P., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., & Mansell, W. (2002). Patients with social phobia direct their attention away from faces. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 677-687
11. Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. Heimberg, M. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment (pp. 69-93) New York Guilford
12. Coles, M. E., Gibb, B. E., & Heimberg, R. G. (2001). Psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory in adults with social anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 14, 145-148
13. Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1964). The approval motive: Studies in evaluative dependence. New York: Wiley
14. Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed: Recognizing faces and feelings to improve communication and emotional life. New York: Times Books/Henry Holt
15. Foa, E. B., Franklin, M. E., Perry, K. J., & Herbert, J. D. (1996). Cognitive biases in generalised social phobia. Journal of 'Abnormal Psychology, 105, 433-439
16. Haidt, J., & Keltner, D. (1999). Culture and facial expressions: Open-ended methods find more expressions and a gradient recognition. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 225-266
17. Lundh, L.-G., & Ost, L.-G. (1996). Recognition bias for critical faces in social phobics. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 787-794
18. MacMillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (1991). Detection theory: A user's guide. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
19. Mansell, W., Clark, D. M., Ehlers A., & Chen, Y. P. (1999). Social anxiety and attention away from emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 13,673-690
20. Masuda, T., Ellsworth, P. C, Mesquita, B., Leu, J., Tanida, S., & Veerdonk, E. Van de (2008). Placing the face in the context: Cultural differences in the perception of facial emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 365-381
21. Matsumoto, D., & Ekman, P. (1988). The Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE) and neutrals (JACNeuF). Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, USA
22. Merckelbach, H., Van Hout, W., Van Den Hout, M. A, & Mersch, P. P. (1989). Psychophysiological and subjective reactions of social phobics and normals to facial stimuli. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 289-294
23. Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2002). Selective orienting of attention to masked threat faces in social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 1403-1414
24. Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Bono, J. D., & Painter, M. (1997). Time course of attentional bias for threat information in non-clinical anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 297-303
25. Mogg, K., Philippot, P., & Bradley, B. P. (2004). Selective attention to angry faces in clinical social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 160-165
26. Mullins, D. T., & Duke, M. P. (2004). Effects of social anxiety on nonverbal accuracy and response time I: Facial expressions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 28, 3-33
27. Philippot, P., & Douilliez, C. (2005). Social phobics do not misinterpret facial expressions of emotion. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 639-652
28. Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R..G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioural model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741-756
29. Richards, A., & French, C. C. (1992). An anxiety-related bias in semantic activation when processing threat/neutral homographs. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 45A, 503-525
30. Salaberria, K., & Echeburua, E. (1998). Long-term outcome of cognitive therapy's contribution to self-exposure in vivo to the treatment of generalized social phobia. Behavior Modification, 3, 262-284
31. Schneier, F. R., Heckelman, L. R., Garfinkel, R., Campeas, R., Fallon, B., Gitow, A., Street, L., Bene, D. D., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1994). Functional impairment in social phobia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55, 322-331
32. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R. E., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State- Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press
33. Stopa, L., & Clark, D. M. (2001). Social phobia: Comments on the viability and validity of an analogue research strategy and British norms for the Fear of Negative Evaluation questionnaire. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 423-430
34. Vassilopoulos, S. P. (2004). Cognitive biases in social anxiety. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of London, UK
35. Vassilopoulos, S. P. (2005). Social anxiety and the vigilance-avoidance pattern of attentional processing. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33, 13-24.
36. Vassilopoulos, S. P. (2006). Interpretation and judgmental biases in socially anxious and nonanxious individuals. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 34, 243-254
37. Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 448-457
38. Wells, A., & Papageorgiou, C. (1998). Social phobia: Effects of external attention on anxiety, negative beliefs, and perspective taking. Behavior Therapy, 29, 357-370
39. Winton, E., Clark, D. M., & Edelmann, R. J. (1995). Social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and the detection of negative emotion in others. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33,193-196.