Hybrid failure: Field evidence and influence on fault refraction

Journal of Structural Geology

Volumn 42, Issue , 2012, Pages 140-150

  Ferrill, David A ^a   McGinnis, Ronald N ^a   Morris, Alan P ^a   Smart, Kevin J ^a  

^a SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Carbonates; Failure mode; Hybrid failure; Normal fault; Refraction

Indexed keywords

CANYON LAKE; DEFORMATION CONDITIONS; DIFFERENTIAL STRESS; EFFECTIVE STRESS; FAULT ZONE; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; NORMAL FAULTS; SHEAR FAILURE; STRESS CONDITION; SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS;

CARBONATES; FAILURE MODES; REFRACTION;

FRACTURE;

CARBONATE ROCK; DISPLACEMENT; FAILURE MECHANISM; FRACTURE; NORMAL FAULT; REFRACTION; SHEAR STRENGTH; STRESS; TENSILE STRENGTH;

HIDDEN VALLEY; NEVADA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84865317690     PISSN: 01918141     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2012.05.012     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Andronicos C.L., Morgan J.P., Chang J.M., Wolf D.E. Melt-filled hybrid fractures in the oceanic mantle: melt enhanced deformation during along-axis flow beneath a propagating spreading ridge axis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 273:270-278.
2. Aydin A., Basu A. The Schmidt hammer in rock material characterization. Engineering Geology 2005, 81:1-14.
3. Bahat D., Engelder T. Surface morphology on cross-fold joints of the Appalachian Plateau, New York and Pennsylvania. Tectonophysics 1984, 104:299-313.
4. Belayneh M., Cosgrove J.W. Hybrid veins from the southern margin of the Bristol Channel Basin, U.K. Journal of Structural Geology 2010, 32:192-201.
5. Bobich, J.K., 2005. Experimental Analysis of the Extension to Shear Fracture Transition in Berea Sandstone. M.S. thesis, Texas A & M University, 52 pp.
6. Brace W.F. Brittle fracture of rocks. State of Stress in Earth's Crust 1964, 111-180. American Elsevier, New York. W.R. Judd (Ed.).
7. Burkhard M. Calcite twins, their geometry, appearance and significance as stress-strain markers and indicators of tectonic regime: a review. Journal of Structural Geology 1993, 15:351-368.
8. Collins, E.W., 2000. Geologic Map of the New Braunfels, Texas, 30 × 60 minute Quadrangle: Geologic Framework of an Urban-growth Corridor along the Edwards Aquifer, South-central Texas. The University of Texas at Austin Bureau of Economic Geology Miscellaneous Map No. 39, 28 pp., scale 1:100, 000, 1 sheet.
9. Donath F.A., Faill R.T., Tobin D.G. Deformational mode fields in experimentally deformed rocks. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1971, 82:1441-1462.
10. Engelder T. Analysis of pinnate joints in the Mount Desert Island granite: implications for postintrusion kinematics in the coastal volcanic belt, Maine. Geology 1989, 17:564-567.
11. Engelder T. Transitional-tensile fracture propagation: a status report. Journal of Structural Geology 1999, 21:1049-1055.
12. Ferrill D.A. Calcite twin widths and intensities as metamorphic indicators in natural low-temperature deformation of limestone. Journal of Structural Geology 1991, 13:667-675.
13. Ferrill D.A. Critical re-evaluation of differential stress estimates from calcite twins in coarse-grained limestone. Tectonophysics 1998, 285:77-85.
14. Ferrill D.A., Morris A.P. Dilational normal faults. Journal of Structural Geology 2003, 25:183-196.
15. Ferrill D.A., Morris A.P. Erratum to: " Dilational normal faults" [Structural Geology 25 (2003) 183-196]. Journal of Structural Geology 2003, 25:827.
16. Ferrill D.A., Morris A.P. Second erratum to " Dilational normal faults" [Journal of Structural Geology 25 (2003) 183-196]. Journal of Structural Geology 2007, 29:1419-1420.
17. Ferrill D.A., Morris A.P. Carved in Stone - a Texas flood's aftermath reveals an unprecedented view of geologic faults. Technology Today Summer 2007, 6-9.
18. Ferrill D.A., Morris A.P. Fault zone deformation controlled by carbonate mechanical stratigraphy, Balcones fault system, Texas. AAPG Bulletin 2008, 92:359-380.
19. Ferrill D.A., Morris A.P., Evans M.A., Burkhard M., Groshong R.H., Onasch C.M. Calcite twin morphology: a low-temperature deformation geothermometer. Journal of Structural Geology 2004, 26:1521-1529.
20. Ferrill D.A., Morris A.P., McGinnis R.N. Crossing conjugate normal faults in field exposures and seismic data. AAPG Bulletin 2009, 93:1471-1488.
21. Ferrill D.A., Morris A.P., McGinnis R.N., Smart K.J., Ward W.C. Fault zone deformation and displacement partitioning in mechanically layered carbonates: the Hidden Valley fault, central Texas. AAPG Bulletin 2011, 95:1383-1397.
22. Ferrill D.A., Morris A.P., Sims D.W., Green R., Franklin N., Waiting D.J. Geologic controls on interaction between the Edwards and Trinity Aquifers, Balcones fault system, Texas. South Texas Geological Society Bulletin 2008, XLVIII:21-45.
23. Ferrill D.A., Morris A.P., Wyrick D.Y., Sims D.W., Franklin N.M. Dilational fault slip and pit chain formation on Mars. GSA Today 2004, 14(10):4-12.
24. Ferrill D.A., Sims D.W., Waiting D.J., Morris A.P., Franklin N., Schultz A.L. Structural framework of the Edwards aquifer recharge zone in south-central Texas. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2004, 116:407-418.
25. Ferrill D.A., Winterle J., Wittmeyer G., Sims D., Colton S., Armstrong A., Morris A.P. Stressed rock strains groundwater at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. GSA Today 1999, 9(5):1-8.
26. Ferrill D.A., Wyrick D.Y., Smart K.J. Coseismic, dilational-fault and extension-fracture related pit chain formation in Iceland: analog for pit chains on Mars. Lithosphere 2011, 3:133-142.
27. Foley L.L. Mechanics of the Balcones and Mexia faulting. AAPG Bulletin 1926, 10:1261-1269.
28. George, W.O., 1952. Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Comal County, Texas. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1138.
29. Hancock P.L. Brittle microtectonics: principles and practice. Journal of Structural Geology 1985, 7:437-457.
30. Hoek, E., Brown, E.T., 1988. The Hoek-Brown failure criterion - a 1988 update. In: 15th Canadian Rock Mechanics Symposium, pp. 31-38.
31. Holland M., Urai J.L., Martel S. The internal structure of fault zones in basaltic sequences. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006, 248:301-315.
32. Jamison W.R., Spang J.H. Use of calcite twin lamellae to infer differential stress. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1976, 87:868-872.
33. Katz O., Reches Z., Roegiers J.-C. Evaluation of mechanical rock properties using a Schmidt Hammer. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 2000, 37:723-728.
34. Lacombe O. Comparison of paleostress magnitudes from calcite twins with contemporary stress magnitudes and frictional sliding criteria in the continental crust: mechanical implications. Journal of Structural Geology 2007, 29:86-99.
35. Lacombe O., Laurent P. Determination of deviatoric stress tensors based on inversion of calcite twin data from experimentally deformed monophase samples: preliminary results. Tectonophysics 1996, 255:189-202.
36. Lamb M.P., Fonstad M.A. Rapid formation of a modern bedrock canyon by a single flood event. Nature Geoscience 2010, 3(7):5.
37. Mandl G. Mechanics of Tectonic Faulting, Models and Basic Concepts 1988, Elsevier, 407 pp.
38. McConaughy D.T., Engelder T. Joint initiation in bedded clastic rocks. Journal of Structural Geology 2001, 23:203-221.
39. McFarland J., Morris A.P., Ferrill D.A. Stress inversion using slip tendency. Computers and Geosciences 2012, 41:40-46.
40. McGinnis R.N., Morris A.P., Ferrill D.A., Dinwiddie C.L. Deformation analysis of tuffaceous sediments in the Volcanic Tableland near Bishop, California. Lithosphere 2009, 1:291-304.
41. Morris A.P., Ferrill D.A. The importance of the intermediate principal effective stress σ2' to fault slip patterns. Journal of Structural Geology 2009, 31:950-959.
42. Morris A.P., Ferrill D.A., Henderson D.B. Slip tendency analysis and fault reactivation. Geology 1996, 24:275-278.
43. Morris A.P., Ferrill D.A., McGinnis R.N. Fault frequency and strain. Lithosphere 2009, 1:105-109.
44. Morris A.P., Ferrill D.A., McGinnis R.N. Mechanical stratigraphy and faulting in Cretaceous carbonates. AAPG Bulletin 2009, 93:1459-1470.
45. Morris A.P., Ferrill D.A., Sims D.W., Franklin N., Waiting D.J. Patterns of fault displacement and strain at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Journal of Structural Geology 2004, 26:1707-1725.
46. Newman J. The influence of grain size and grain size distribution on methods for estimating paleostresses from twinning in carbonates. Journal of Structural Geology 1994, 16:1589-1601.
47. Price N.J., Cosgrove J.W. Analysis of Geological Structures 1990, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
48. Ramsey J.M., Chester F.M. Hybrid fracture and the transition from extension fracture to shear fracture. Nature 2004, 428:63-66.
49. Sibson R. Brittle failure mode plots for compressional and extensional tectonic regimes. Journal of Structural Geology 1998, 20:655-660.
50. Tobin D.G., Donath F.A. Microscopic criteria for defining deformational modes in rock. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1971, 82:1463-1476.
51. van Gent H.W., Holland M., Urai J.L., Loosveld R. Evolution of fault zones in carbonates with mechanical stratigraphy - insights scale models using layered cohesive powder. Journal of Structural Geology 2010, 32:1375-1391.
52. Ward W.C., Ward W.B. Stratigraphy of the middle part of Glen Rose Formation (lower Albian), Canyon Lake Gorge, central Texas, USA. Cretaceous Rudists and Carbonate Platforms: Environmental Feedback 2007, vol. 87:193-210. SEPM Special Publication. R.W. Scott (Ed.).