메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 100, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 1122-1130

Endemic plant communities on special soils: Early victims or hardy survivors of climate change?

Author keywords

Assisted migration; Azonal vegetation; Community; Conservation; Edaphic; Functional diversity; Managed relocation; Plant climate interactions; Risk; Serpentine; Species diversity

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; CLIMATE CHANGE; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; ENDEMIC SPECIES; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; HABITAT TYPE; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PLANT COMMUNITY; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION MODELING; RISK FACTOR; SERPENTINE; SOIL NUTRIENT; SPECIES DIVERSITY; TOLERANCE;

EID: 84865286072     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: 13652745     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01986.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (87)

References (84)
  • 3
    • 84856137748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological strategies in California chaparral: interacting effects of climate, soils, and fire on specific leaf area
    • Anacker, B.L., Rajakaruna, N., Ackerly, D., Harrison, S.P., Keeley, J. & Vasey, M.C. (2011) Ecological strategies in California chaparral: interacting effects of climate, soils, and fire on specific leaf area. Plant Ecology and Diversity, 4, 179-188.
    • (2011) Plant Ecology and Diversity , vol.4 , pp. 179-188
    • Anacker, B.L.1    Rajakaruna, N.2    Ackerly, D.3    Harrison, S.P.4    Keeley, J.5    Vasey, M.C.6
  • 5
    • 0033949747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation of limestone and dolomite glades in the Ozarks and Midwest regions of the United States
    • Baskin, J.M. & Baskin, C.C. (2000) Vegetation of limestone and dolomite glades in the Ozarks and Midwest regions of the United States. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 87, 286-294.
    • (2000) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , vol.87 , pp. 286-294
    • Baskin, J.M.1    Baskin, C.C.2
  • 7
    • 0037790543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity and vulnerability of terrestrial habitats and species in Britain and Ireland to climate change
    • Berry, P.M., Dawson, T.P., Harrison, P.A., Pearson, R. & Butt, N. (2003) The sensitivity and vulnerability of terrestrial habitats and species in Britain and Ireland to climate change. Journal for Nature Conservation, 11, 15-23.
    • (2003) Journal for Nature Conservation , vol.11 , pp. 15-23
    • Berry, P.M.1    Dawson, T.P.2    Harrison, P.A.3    Pearson, R.4    Butt, N.5
  • 8
    • 3242791599 scopus 로고
    • Ecological effects of serpentine on the flora and vegetation of Cuba
    • Borhidi, A. (1988) Ecological effects of serpentine on the flora and vegetation of Cuba. Acta Botanica Hungarica, 34, 123-174.
    • (1988) Acta Botanica Hungarica , vol.34 , pp. 123-174
    • Borhidi, A.1
  • 10
    • 79955540892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene forest development and maintenance on different substrates in the Klamath Mountains, northern California, USA
    • Briles, C.E., Whitlock, C., Skinner, C.N. & Mohr, J. (2011) Holocene forest development and maintenance on different substrates in the Klamath Mountains, northern California, USA. Ecology, 92, 590-601.
    • (2011) Ecology , vol.92 , pp. 590-601
    • Briles, C.E.1    Whitlock, C.2    Skinner, C.N.3    Mohr, J.4
  • 12
    • 83455235331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling spread of British wind-dispersed plants under future wind speeds in a changing climate
    • Bullock, J.M., White, S.M., Prudhomme, C., Tansey, C., Perea, R. & Hooftman, D.A.P. (2012) Modelling spread of British wind-dispersed plants under future wind speeds in a changing climate. Journal of Ecology, 100, 104-115.
    • (2012) Journal of Ecology , vol.100 , pp. 104-115
    • Bullock, J.M.1    White, S.M.2    Prudhomme, C.3    Tansey, C.4    Perea, R.5    Hooftman, D.A.P.6
  • 16
    • 77954706912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A link between plant traits and abundance: evidence from coastal California woody plants
    • Cornwell, W.K. & Ackerly, D.D. (2010) A link between plant traits and abundance: evidence from coastal California woody plants. Journal of Ecology, 98, 814-821.
    • (2010) Journal of Ecology , vol.98 , pp. 814-821
    • Cornwell, W.K.1    Ackerly, D.D.2
  • 17
    • 78650399299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change effects on an endemic-rich edaphic flora: resurveying Robert H. Whittaker's Siskiyou sites (Oregon, USA)
    • Damschen, E.I., Harrison, S.P. & Grace, J.B. (2010) Climate change effects on an endemic-rich edaphic flora: resurveying Robert H. Whittaker's Siskiyou sites (Oregon, USA). Ecology, 91, 3609-3619.
    • (2010) Ecology , vol.91 , pp. 3609-3619
    • Damschen, E.I.1    Harrison, S.P.2    Grace, J.B.3
  • 20
    • 37149021915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbivore and neighbour effects on tundra plants depend on species identity, nutrient availability and local environmental conditions
    • Eskelinen, A. (2008) Herbivore and neighbour effects on tundra plants depend on species identity, nutrient availability and local environmental conditions. Journal of Ecology, 96, 155-165.
    • (2008) Journal of Ecology , vol.96 , pp. 155-165
    • Eskelinen, A.1
  • 21
    • 84865281840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variability in California grasslands: soil type and species functional traits mediate response to precipitation
    • (in press) ., doi: 10.1890/11-2003.1.
    • Fernandez-Going, B.M., Anacker, B.L. & Harrison, S. (in press) Temporal variability in California grasslands: soil type and species functional traits mediate response to precipitation. Ecology, doi: 10.1890/11-2003.1.
    • Ecology
    • Fernandez-Going, B.M.1    Anacker, B.L.2    Harrison, S.3
  • 23
    • 79953283473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil heterogeneity buffers community response to climate change in species-rich grassland
    • Fridley, J.D., Grime, J.P., Askew, A.P., Moser, B. & Stevens, C.J. (2011) Soil heterogeneity buffers community response to climate change in species-rich grassland. Global Change Biology, 17, 2002-2011.
    • (2011) Global Change Biology , vol.17 , pp. 2002-2011
    • Fridley, J.D.1    Grime, J.P.2    Askew, A.P.3    Moser, B.4    Stevens, C.J.5
  • 24
    • 0034797990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A standardized protocol for the determination of specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content
    • Garnier, E., Shipley, B., Roumet, C. & Laurent, G. (2001) A standardized protocol for the determination of specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content. Functional Ecology, 15, 688-695.
    • (2001) Functional Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 688-695
    • Garnier, E.1    Shipley, B.2    Roumet, C.3    Laurent, G.4
  • 26
    • 84865292586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fires on Cuban serpentine flora and vegetation. PhD Thesis, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba.
    • González-Torres, L.R. (2010) Effect of fires on Cuban serpentine flora and vegetation. PhD Thesis, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba.
    • (2010)
    • González-Torres, L.R.1
  • 29
    • 0030613589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How natural habitat patchiness affects the distribution of diversity in Californian serpentine chaparral
    • Harrison, S. (1997) How natural habitat patchiness affects the distribution of diversity in Californian serpentine chaparral. Ecology, 78, 1898-1906.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1898-1906
    • Harrison, S.1
  • 30
    • 75449092920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate gradients, climate change, and special edaphic floras
    • Harrison, S., Damschen, E. & Going, B. (2009) Climate gradients, climate change, and special edaphic floras. Northeastern Naturalist, 16, 121-130.
    • (2009) Northeastern Naturalist , vol.16 , pp. 121-130
    • Harrison, S.1    Damschen, E.2    Going, B.3
  • 31
  • 32
    • 79958179162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serpentine: The Evolution and Ecology of a Model System. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
    • Harrison, S. & Rajarkaruna, N. (2011) Serpentine: The Evolution and Ecology of a Model System. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
    • (2011)
    • Harrison, S.1    Rajarkaruna, N.2
  • 33
    • 60349116398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Favorable environments and the persistence of naturally rare species
    • Harrison, S., Viers, J.H., Thorne, J.H. & Grace, J.B. (2008) Favorable environments and the persistence of naturally rare species. Conservation Letters, 1, 65-74.
    • (2008) Conservation Letters , vol.1 , pp. 65-74
    • Harrison, S.1    Viers, J.H.2    Thorne, J.H.3    Grace, J.B.4
  • 34
    • 41049091563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in plant species richness over the last century in the eastern Swiss Alps: elevational gradient, bedrock effects and migration rates
    • Holzinger, B., Ḩlber, K., Camenisch, M. & Grabherr, G. (2008) Changes in plant species richness over the last century in the eastern Swiss Alps: elevational gradient, bedrock effects and migration rates. Plant Ecology, 195, 179-196.
    • (2008) Plant Ecology , vol.195 , pp. 179-196
    • Holzinger, B.1    Ḩlber, K.2    Camenisch, M.3    Grabherr, G.4
  • 35
    • 0003705162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPCC (eds N. Nakicenovic & R. Swart), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • IPCC (2000) Emissions Scenarios (eds N. Nakicenovic & R. Swart ), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • (2000) Emissions Scenarios
  • 36
    • 24044536702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of ultramafic soils on plants in Cuba
    • Iturralde, R.B. (2001) The influence of ultramafic soils on plants in Cuba. South African Journal of Science, 97, 510-512.
    • (2001) South African Journal of Science , vol.97 , pp. 510-512
    • Iturralde, R.B.1
  • 37
    • 0141512143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propagule dispersal in marine and terrestrial environments: a community perspective
    • Kinlan, B.P. & Gaines, S.D. (2003) Propagule dispersal in marine and terrestrial environments: a community perspective. Ecology, 84, 2007-2020.
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 2007-2020
    • Kinlan, B.P.1    Gaines, S.D.2
  • 38
    • 23644439081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated climate change altered dominance hierarchies and diversity of an alpine biodiversity hotspot
    • Klanderud, K. & Totland, O. (2005) Simulated climate change altered dominance hierarchies and diversity of an alpine biodiversity hotspot. Ecology, 86, 2047-2054.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 2047-2054
    • Klanderud, K.1    Totland, O.2
  • 39
    • 84861182751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape-scale indicators of biodiversity's vulnerability to climate change
    • Doi: 10.1890/ES11-00044.1.
    • Klausmeyer, K.R., Shaw, M.R., MacKenzie, J.B. & Cameron, D.R. (2011) Landscape-scale indicators of biodiversity's vulnerability to climate change. Ecosphere, 2, doi: 10.1890/ES11-00044.1.
    • (2011) Ecosphere , vol.2
    • Klausmeyer, K.R.1    Shaw, M.R.2    Mackenzie, J.B.3    Cameron, D.R.4
  • 42
    • 0038728589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.
    • Kruckeberg, A. (2005) Geology and Plant Life. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.
    • (2005) Geology and Plant Life
    • Kruckeberg, A.1
  • 43
    • 46449109356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century
    • Lenoir, J., Gegout, J.C., Marquet, P.A., de Ruffray, P. & Brisse, H. (2008) A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century. Science, 320, 1768-1771.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1768-1771
    • Lenoir, J.1    Gegout, J.C.2    Marquet, P.A.3    De Ruffray, P.4    Brisse, H.5
  • 46
    • 69449096991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of three global change drivers on a Mediterranean shrub
    • Matesanz, S., Escudero, A. & Valladares, F. (2009) Impact of three global change drivers on a Mediterranean shrub. Ecology, 90, 2609-2621.
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 2609-2621
    • Matesanz, S.1    Escudero, A.2    Valladares, F.3
  • 47
    • 67349209900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine-resolution climate projections enhance regional climate change impact studies
    • Maurer, E.P., Brekke, L., Pruitt, T. & Duffy, P.B. (2007) Fine-resolution climate projections enhance regional climate change impact studies. Eos Transactions AGU, 88, 504.
    • (2007) Eos Transactions AGU , vol.88 , pp. 504
    • Maurer, E.P.1    Brekke, L.2    Pruitt, T.3    Duffy, P.B.4
  • 49
    • 33947502261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A framework for debate of assisted migration in an era of climate change
    • McLachlan, J.S., Hellmann, J.J. & Schwartz, M.W. (2007) A framework for debate of assisted migration in an era of climate change. Conservation Biology, 21, 297-302.
    • (2007) Conservation Biology , vol.21 , pp. 297-302
    • Mclachlan, J.S.1    Hellmann, J.J.2    Schwartz, M.W.3
  • 50
    • 53749098539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a century of climate change on small-mammal communities in Yosemite National Park, USA
    • Moritz, C., Patton, J.L., Conroy, C.J., Parra, J.L., White, G.C. & Beissinger, S.R. (2008) Impact of a century of climate change on small-mammal communities in Yosemite National Park, USA. Science, 322, 261.
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 261
    • Moritz, C.1    Patton, J.L.2    Conroy, C.J.3    Parra, J.L.4    White, G.C.5    Beissinger, S.R.6
  • 51
    • 0023507796 scopus 로고
    • Effects of serpentine substrate on vegetation and soil development with special reference to Picea-glehnii forest in Teshio District, Hokkaido, Japan
    • Nakata, M. & Kojima, S. (1987) Effects of serpentine substrate on vegetation and soil development with special reference to Picea-glehnii forest in Teshio District, Hokkaido, Japan. Forest Ecology and Management, 20, 265-290.
    • (1987) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.20 , pp. 265-290
    • Nakata, M.1    Kojima, S.2
  • 52
    • 33747125401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-distance dispersal of plants
    • Nathan, R. (2006) Long-distance dispersal of plants. Science, 313, 786-788.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 786-788
    • Nathan, R.1
  • 53
    • 0033542411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming
    • Parmesan, C., Ryrholm, N., Stefanescu, C., Hill, J.K., Thomas, C.D., Descimon, H. et al. (1999) Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming. Nature, 399, 579-583.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 579-583
    • Parmesan, C.1    Ryrholm, N.2    Stefanescu, C.3    Hill, J.K.4    Thomas, C.D.5    Descimon, H.6
  • 55
    • 77955456871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultramafic soils and species sorting in the flora of New Caledonia
    • Pillon, Y., Munzinger, J., Amir, H. & Lebrun, M. (2010) Ultramafic soils and species sorting in the flora of New Caledonia. Journal of Ecology, 98, 1108-1116.
    • (2010) Journal of Ecology , vol.98 , pp. 1108-1116
    • Pillon, Y.1    Munzinger, J.2    Amir, H.3    Lebrun, M.4
  • 57
    • 0041766755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation and soil and plant chemistry on ultramafic rocks in the tropical Far East
    • Proctor, J. (2003) Vegetation and soil and plant chemistry on ultramafic rocks in the tropical Far East. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 6, 105-124.
    • (2003) Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics , vol.6 , pp. 105-124
    • Proctor, J.1
  • 58
    • 0032406571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of grazing impact on plant species richness in nutrient-poor vs. nutrient-rich ecosystems
    • Proulx, M. & Mazumder, A. (1998) Reversal of grazing impact on plant species richness in nutrient-poor vs. nutrient-rich ecosystems. Ecology, 79, 2581-2592.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2581-2592
    • Proulx, M.1    Mazumder, A.2
  • 59
    • 33846581109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abiotic factors determining vegetation patterns in a semi-arid Mediterranean landscape: different responses on gypsum and non-gypsum substrates
    • Pueyo, Y. & Alados, C.L. (2007) Abiotic factors determining vegetation patterns in a semi-arid Mediterranean landscape: different responses on gypsum and non-gypsum substrates. Journal of Arid Environments, 69, 490-505.
    • (2007) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.69 , pp. 490-505
    • Pueyo, Y.1    Alados, C.L.2
  • 60
    • 33947534572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gypsophile vegetation patterns under a range of soil properties induced by topographical position
    • Pueyo, Y., Alados, C.L., Maestro, M. & Komac, B. (2007) Gypsophile vegetation patterns under a range of soil properties induced by topographical position. Plant Ecology, 189, 301-311.
    • (2007) Plant Ecology , vol.189 , pp. 301-311
    • Pueyo, Y.1    Alados, C.L.2    Maestro, M.3    Komac, B.4
  • 61
    • 50549104828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in gypsum plant communities associated with habitat fragmentation and livestock grazing
    • Pueyo, Y., Alados, C.L., Barrantes, O., Komac, B. & Rietrerk, M. (2008) Differences in gypsum plant communities associated with habitat fragmentation and livestock grazing. Ecological Applications, 18, 954-964.
    • (2008) Ecological Applications , vol.18 , pp. 954-964
    • Pueyo, Y.1    Alados, C.L.2    Barrantes, O.3    Komac, B.4    Rietrerk, M.5
  • 62
    • 0036240203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serpentine and its vegetation: a preliminary study from Sri Lanka
    • Rajakaruna, N. & Bohm, B.A. (2002) Serpentine and its vegetation: a preliminary study from Sri Lanka. Journal of Applied Botany, 76, 20-28.
    • (2002) Journal of Applied Botany , vol.76 , pp. 20-28
    • Rajakaruna, N.1    Bohm, B.A.2
  • 63
  • 65
    • 0030617824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edaphic influences on a New Zealand ultramafic (''serpentine'') flora: a statistical approach
    • Robinson, B.H., Brooks, R.R., Kirkman, J.H., Gregg, P.E.H. & Alvarez, H.V. (1997) Edaphic influences on a New Zealand ultramafic (''serpentine'') flora: a statistical approach. Plant and Soil, 188, 11-20.
    • (1997) Plant and Soil , vol.188 , pp. 11-20
    • Robinson, B.H.1    Brooks, R.R.2    Kirkman, J.H.3    Gregg, P.E.H.4    Alvarez, H.V.5
  • 67
    • 1542349254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire effects on plant diversity in serpentine vs. sandstone chaparral
    • Safford, H.D. & Harrison, S. (2004) Fire effects on plant diversity in serpentine vs. sandstone chaparral. Ecology, 85, 539-548.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 539-548
    • Safford, H.D.1    Harrison, S.2
  • 68
    • 33645108379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serpentine endemism in the Calfornia flora: a database of serpentine affinity
    • Safford, H., Viers, J. & Harrison, S. (2005) Serpentine endemism in the Calfornia flora: a database of serpentine affinity. Madrono, 52, 222-257.
    • (2005) Madrono , vol.52 , pp. 222-257
    • Safford, H.1    Viers, J.2    Harrison, S.3
  • 72
    • 24044484807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compositae on serpentine in the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa
    • Smith, S., Balkwill, K. & Williamson, S. (2001) Compositae on serpentine in the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 97, 518-520.
    • (2001) South African Journal of Science , vol.97 , pp. 518-520
    • Smith, S.1    Balkwill, K.2    Williamson, S.3
  • 73
    • 5444234392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of long-distance seed dispersal by wind in grasslands
    • Soons, M.B., Heil, G.W., Nathan, R. & Katul, G.G. (2004) Determinants of long-distance seed dispersal by wind in grasslands. Ecology, 85, 3056-3068.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 3056-3068
    • Soons, M.B.1    Heil, G.W.2    Nathan, R.3    Katul, G.G.4
  • 74
    • 84865292594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of seed dispersal syndromes on serpentine soils: examining the roles of habitat patchiness, soil infertility, and correlated functional traits
    • (in press) ., doi: 10.1080/17550874.2012.678506.
    • Spasojevic, M.J., Damschen, E.I. & Harrison, S. (in press) Patterns of seed dispersal syndromes on serpentine soils: examining the roles of habitat patchiness, soil infertility, and correlated functional traits. Plant Ecology and Diversity, doi: 10.1080/17550874.2012.678506.
    • Plant Ecology and Diversity
    • Spasojevic, M.J.1    Damschen, E.I.2    Harrison, S.3
  • 75
    • 33748705138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of serpentine on vegetation structure, composition and endemism in northern New South Wales, Australia
    • Specht, A., Forth, F. & Steenbeeke, G. (2001) The effect of serpentine on vegetation structure, composition and endemism in northern New South Wales, Australia. South African Journal of Science, 97, 521-529.
    • (2001) South African Journal of Science , vol.97 , pp. 521-529
    • Specht, A.1    Forth, F.2    Steenbeeke, G.3
  • 76
    • 27944505481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of late Quaternary forest changes in New Caledonia and northeastern Australia
    • Stevenson, J. & Hope, G. (2005) A comparison of late Quaternary forest changes in New Caledonia and northeastern Australia. Quaternary Research, 64, 372-383.
    • (2005) Quaternary Research , vol.64 , pp. 372-383
    • Stevenson, J.1    Hope, G.2
  • 78
    • 80053649146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seed dispersal distance is more strongly correlated with plant height than with seed mass
    • Thomson, F.J., Moles, A.T., Auld, T.D. & Kingsford, R.T. (2011) Seed dispersal distance is more strongly correlated with plant height than with seed mass. Journal of Ecology, 99, 1299-1307.
    • (2011) Journal of Ecology , vol.99 , pp. 1299-1307
    • Thomson, F.J.1    Moles, A.T.2    Auld, T.D.3    Kingsford, R.T.4
  • 79
    • 3242813598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences
    • Wardle, D.A., Walker, L.R. & Bardgett, R.D. (2004) Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences. Science, 305, 509-513.
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 509-513
    • Wardle, D.A.1    Walker, L.R.2    Bardgett, R.D.3
  • 80
    • 0032712981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cars, cows, and checkerspot butterflies: nitrogen deposition and management of nutrient-poor grasslands for a threatened species
    • Weiss, S.B. (1999) Cars, cows, and checkerspot butterflies: nitrogen deposition and management of nutrient-poor grasslands for a threatened species. Conservation Biology, 13, 1476-1486.
    • (1999) Conservation Biology , vol.13 , pp. 1476-1486
    • Weiss, S.B.1
  • 81
    • 33747586378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warming and earlier spring increase western US forest wildfire activity
    • Westerling, A.L., Hidalgo, H.G., Cayan, D.R. & Swetnam, T.W. (2006) Warming and earlier spring increase western US forest wildfire activity. Science, 313, 940-943.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 940-943
    • Westerling, A.L.1    Hidalgo, H.G.2    Cayan, D.R.3    Swetnam, T.W.4
  • 82
    • 33646348118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-plant ecology on the basis of functional traits
    • Westoby, M. & Wright, I.J. (2006) Land-plant ecology on the basis of functional traits. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 21, 261-268.
    • (2006) Trends in Ecology & Evolution , vol.21 , pp. 261-268
    • Westoby, M.1    Wright, I.J.2
  • 83
    • 0001226978 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation of the Siskiyou mountains, Oregon and California
    • Whittaker, R. (1960) Vegetation of the Siskiyou mountains, Oregon and California. Ecological Monographs, 30, 279-338.
    • (1960) Ecological Monographs , vol.30 , pp. 279-338
    • Whittaker, R.1
  • 84
    • 33749438536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors determining levels of threat to serpentine endemics
    • Williamson, S.D. & Balkwill, K. (2006) Factors determining levels of threat to serpentine endemics. South African Journal of Botany, 72, 619-626.
    • (2006) South African Journal of Botany , vol.72 , pp. 619-626
    • Williamson, S.D.1    Balkwill, K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.