A five-factor measure of avoidant personality: The FFAvA

Journal of Personality Assessment

Volumn 94, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 466-474

  Lynam, Donald R ^a   Loehr, Abbey ^a   Miller, Joshua D ^b   Widiger, Thomas A ^c  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PERSONALITY TEST; PSYCHOMETRY; REPRODUCIBILITY; SELF EVALUATION; SELF REPORT; VALIDATION STUDY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; DIAGNOSTIC SELF EVALUATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY DISORDERS; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; PSYCHOMETRICS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SELF REPORT;

EID: 84865262962     PISSN: 00223891     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2012.677886     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.), Washington, DC: Author.
2. Bagby, R. M., and, Farvolden, P. 2004. Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment: Vol. 2. Personality assessment. In The Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4), Edited by: Hilsenroth, M. J., Segal, D. L. and Hersen, M. 122-133. New York, NY: Wiley.
3. Chambless, D. L., Fydrich, T., and, Rodebaugh, T. L. 2008. Generalized social phobia and avoidant personality disorder: Meaningful distinction or useless duplication?. Depression and Anxiety, 25: 8-19. (Pubitemid 351213920)
4. Clark, L. A. 1993. Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
5. Clark, L. A. 2007. Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorder: Perennial issues and an emerging reconceptualization. Annual Review of Psychology, 58: 227-257.
6. Clark, L. A., and, Watson, D. 1995. Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment. Vol. 7, 309-319.
7. Costa, P. T. Jr., and, McCrae, R. R. 1992. NEO PI-R professional manual, Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
8. De Clercq, B., De Fruyt, F., Van Leeuwen, K., and, Mervielde, I. 2006. The structure of maladaptive personality traits in childhood: A step toward an integrative developmental perspective for DSM V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115: 639-657. (Pubitemid 44747794)
9. Derefinko, K. J., and, Lynam, D. R. 2006. Convergence and divergence among self-report psychopathy measures: A personality-based approach. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20: 261-280.
10. Derefinko, K. J., and, Lynam, D. R. 2007. Using the FFM to conceptualize psychopathy: A test using a drug abusing sample. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21: 638-656. (Pubitemid 350255091)
11. DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group. 2011a. Avoidant personality disorder. Retrieved from http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevision/Pages/ proposedrevision.aspx?rid=20
12. DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group. 2011b. Provisional map of specific core criteria (facet traits) into personality trait domains. Retrieved from http://www.dsm5.org/Proposed%20Revision%20Attachments/ APA%20Provisional%20map%200f%20specific%20core%20criteria%206-20-11.pdf
13. Edmundson, M., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., Gore, W. L., and, Widiger, T. A. 2011. A five factor measure of schizotypal personality traits. Assessment, 18: 321-334.
14. First, M. B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., and, Benjamin, L. S. 1997. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
15. Flesch, R. 1948. A new readability yardstick. Journal of Applied Psychology, 32: 221-233.
16. Fogelson, D. L., Nuechterlein, K. H., Asarnow, R. A., Payne, D. L., Subotnik, K. L., Jacobson, K. C., and, Kendler, K. S. 2007. Avoidant personality disorder is a separable schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder even when controlling for the presence of paranoid and schizotypal personality disorders: The UCLA family study. Schizophrenia Research, 91: 192-199.
17. Gudonis, L. C., Miller, D. J., Miller, J. D., and, Lynam, D. R. 2008. Conceptualizing personality disorders from a general model of personality functioning: Antisocial personality disorder and the Five-factor model. Personality and Mental Health, 2: 249-264.
18. Gunning, R. 1952. The technique of clear writing. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
19. Heimberg, R. G., Mueller, G. P., Holt, C. S., Hope, D. A., and, Liebowitz, M. 1992. Assessment of anxiety in social interaction and being observed by others: The social interaction anxiety scale and the social phobia scale. Behavior Therapy, 23: 53-73.
20. Krueger, R. F., Eaton, N. R., Clark, L. A., Watson, D., Markon, K. E., Derringer, J., and, Livesley, W. J. 2011. Deriving an empirical structure of personality pathology for DSM-5. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25: 170-191.
21. Krueger, R. F., Eaton, N. R., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., and, Skodol, A. E. 2011. Personality in DSM-5: Helping delineate personality disorder content and framing the meta-structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93: 325-331.
22. Lahey, B. B. 2009. Public health significance of neuroticism. American Psychologist, 64: 241-256.
23. Lawton, E. M., Shields, A. J., and, Oltmanns, T. F. 2011. Five-factor model personality disorder prototypes in a community sample: Self-and informant-reports predicting interview-based DSM diagnoses. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 2: 279-292.
24. Levenson, M., Kiehl, K., and, Fitzpatrick, C. 1995. Assessing psychopathic attributes in a non-institutionalized population. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68: 151-158.
25. Lilienfeld, S. O., and, Widows, M. R. 2005. Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised: Professional manual, Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
26. Livesley, W. J. 2001. Handbook of personality disorders: Theory, research, and treatment. In Conceptual and taxonomic issues, Edited by: Livesley, W. J. 3-38. New York, NY: Guilford.
27. Livesley, W. J., and, Jackson, D. 2009. Manual for the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire, Port Huron, MI: Sigma.
28. Lynam, D. R., Gaughan, E. T., Miller, J. D., Miller, D. J., Mullins-Sweatt, S., and, Widiger, T. A. 2011. Assessing the basic traits associated with psychopathy: Development and validation of the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment. Psychological Assessment, 23: 108-124.
29. Lynam, D. R., and, Widiger, T. A. 2001. Using the five factor model to represent the personality disorders: An expert consensus approach. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110: 401-412. (Pubitemid 32703078)
30. Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., and, Schutte, N. S. 2005. The relationship between the Five-factor model of personality and symptoms of clinical disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 27: 101-114. (Pubitemid 40299165)
31. McCrae, R. R., and, Costa, P. T. 2003. Personality in adulthood: A five-factor theory perspective (2nd ed.), New York, NY: Guilford.
32. Miller, J. D., Bagby, R. M., and, Pilkonis, P. A. 2005. A comparison of the validity of the Five-factor model (FFM) personality disorder prototypes using FFM self-report and interview measures. Psychological Assessment, 17: 497-500. (Pubitemid 43098498)
33. Miller, J. D., and, Lynam, D. R. 2003. Psychopathy and the Five factor model of personality: A replication and extension. Journal of Personality Assessment, 81: 168-178. (Pubitemid 37175382)
34. Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Rolland, J. P., De Fruyt, F., Reynolds, S. K., Pham-Scottez, A., and, Bagby, R. M. 2008. Scoring the DSM-IV personality disorders using the Five-factor model: Development and validation of normative scores for North American, French and Dutch-Flemish samples. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22: 433-450.
35. Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Widiger, T. A., and, Leukefeld, C. 2001. Personality disorders as extreme variants of common personality dimensions: Can the Five factor model adequately represent psychopathy?. Journal of Personality, 69: 253-276. (Pubitemid 33603446)
36. Miller, J. D., Maples, J., Pryor, L. R., Morse, J. Q., Yaggi, K., and, Pilkonis, P. A. 2010. Using clinician-rated Five-factor model data to score the DSM-IV personality disorders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92: 296-305.
37. Miller, J. D., Morse, J. Q., Nolf, K., Stepp, S. D., and, Pilkonis, P. A. Can DSM-IV borderline personality disorder be diagnosed via dimensional personality traits: Implications for the DSM-5 personality disorder proposal, Journal of Abnormal Psychology.
38. Miller, J. D., Reynolds, S. K., and, Pilkonis, P. A. 2004. The validity of the Five-factor model prototypes for personality disorders in two clinical samples. Psychological Assessment, 16: 310-322. (Pubitemid 39244715)
39. Morey, L. C., Hopwood, C. J., Gunderson, J. G., Shea, M. T., Skodol, A. E., Grilo, C. M., and, McGlashan, T. H. 2007. A comparison of personality disorder models. Psychological Medicine, 37: 983-994.
40. Oltmanns, T. F., and, Turkheimer, E. 2009. Person perception and personality pathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18: 32-36.
41. Paris, J. 2006 May. Personality disorders: Psychiatry's stepchildren come of age, Toronto, ON, Canada: Invited lecture presented at the 159th annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association.
42. Paulhus, D. 2001. Normal narcissism: Two minimalist accounts. Psychological Inquiry, 12: 228-230.
43. Piedmont, R. L., Sherman, M. F., and, Sherman, N. C. Maladaptively high and low openness: The case for experiential permeability. Journal of Personality
44. Piedmont, R. L., Sherman, M. F., Sherman, N. C., Dy-Liacco, G. S., and, Williams, J. E. 2009. Using the Five-factor model to identify a new personality disorder domain: The case for experiential permeability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96: 1245-1258.
45. Presnall, J. in press. Personality disorders and the Five-factor model of personality. In Disorders of personality: Clinical treatment from the perspective of the Five-factor model, 3rd ed, Edited by: Widiger, T. A. and Costa, P. T. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
46. Ralevski, E., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., Shea, M. T., and, McGlashan, T. H. 2005. Avoidant personality disorder and social phobia: Distinct enough to be separate disorders?. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 112: 208-214. (Pubitemid 41176557)
47. Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Czajkowski, N., Rysamb, E., rstavik, R. E., Neale, M. C., Torgersen, S., and, Kendler, K. S. 2010. Major depression and dimensional representations of DSM-IV personality disorders: A major population-based twin study. Psychological Medicine, 40: 1475-1484.
48. Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Czajkowski, N., Torgersen, S., Neale, M. C., rstavik, R. E., Tambs, K., and, Kendler, K. S. 2007. The relationship between avoidant personality disorder and social phobia: A population-based twin study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164: 1722-1728. (Pubitemid 350205350)
49. Reynolds, S. K., and, Clark, L. A. 2001. Predicting dimensions of personality disorder from domains and facets of the Five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 69: 199-222. (Pubitemid 33603444)
50. Ross, S. R., Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J., Thompson, A., and, Thurston, A. 2009. Factors of the psychopathic personality inventory: Criterion-related validity and relationship to the BIS/BAS and Five-factor models of personality. Assessment, 16: 71-87.
51. Samuel, D. B., Simms, L. J., Clark, L. A., Livesley, J. W., and, Widiger, T. A. 2010. An item response theory integration of normal and abnormal personality scales. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 1: 5-21.
52. Samuel, D. B., and, Widiger, T. A. 2004. Clinicians descriptions of prototypic personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18: 286-308. (Pubitemid 38857557)
53. Samuel, D. B., and, Widiger, T. A. 2008. A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the Five-factor model and DSM-IV-TR personality disorders: A facet level analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28: 1326-1342.
54. Samuel, D. B., and, Widiger, T. A. 2011. Conscientiousness and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 2: 161-174.
55. Sanislow, C. A., da Cruz, K., Gianoli, M. O., and, Reagan, E. in press. Oxford handbook of personality disorder. In Avoidant personality disorder, traits, and type, Edited by: Widiger, T. A. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
56. Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., McGlashan, T. H., Dyck, I. R., Stout, R. L., Bender, D. S., and, Oldham, J. M. 2002. Functional impairment in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 159: 276-283. (Pubitemid 34126906)
57. Skodol, A. E., Pagano, M. E., Bender, D. S., Shea, T. M., Gunderson, J. G., Yen, S., and, McGlashan, T. H. 2005. Stability of functional impairment in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder over two years. Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences, 35: 443-451. (Pubitemid 40372482)
58. Smith, G. T., McCarthy, D., and, Zapolski, T. 2009. On the value of homogeneous constructs for construct validation, theory testing, and the description of psychopathology. Psychological Assessment, 21: 272-284.
59. Steiger, J. H. 1980. Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 87: 245-251.
60. Tomiatti, M., Gore, W. L., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., and, Widiger, T. A. 2012. Advances in psychology research. In A five-factor measure of histrionic personality traits, Edited by: Columbus, A. M. Vol. 87, 113-138. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.
61. Torgersen, S., Kringlen, E., and, Cramer, V. 2001. The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58: 590-596. (Pubitemid 32523740)
62. Trull, T. J., Widiger, T. A., Lynam, D. R., and, Costa, P. T. 2003. Borderline personality disorder from the perspective of general personality functioning. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112: 193-202. (Pubitemid 36583173)
63. Widiger, T. A. 2009. Handbook of individual differences in social behavior. In Neuroticism, Edited by: Leary, M. R. and Hoyle, R. H. 129-146. New York, NY: Guilford.
64. Widiger, T. A. 2011. The DSM-5 dimensional model of personality disorder: Rationale and empirical support. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25: 222-234.
65. Widiger, T. A., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., and, Oltmanns, T. F. Measures to assess maladaptive variants of the Five-factor model. Journal of Personality Assessment
66. Widiger, T. A., and, Trull, T. J. 2007. Plate tectonics in the classification of personality disorder: Shifting to a dimensional model. American Psychologist, 62: 71-83.
67. Widiger, T. A., Trull, T. J., Clarkin, J. F., Sanderson, C., and, Costa, P. T. 2002. Personality disorders and the Five-factor model of personality. In A description of the DSM-IV personality disorders with the Five-factor model of personality, Edited by: Costa, P. T. and Widiger, T. A. 89-102. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 2nd ed.
68. Williams, K., Paulhus, D., and, Hare, R. 2007. Capturing the four-factor structure of psychopathy in college students via self-report. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88: 205-219. (Pubitemid 46651332)
69. Witt, J., and, Revelle, W. 2009. Handbook of individual differences in social behavior. In Extraversion, Edited by: Leary, M. R. and Hoyle, R. H. 27-45. New York, NY: Guilford.
70. Zimmerman, M., Rothschild, L., and, Chelminski, I. 2005. The prevalence of DSM-IV personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162: 1911-1918. (Pubitemid 41428621)