A taxonomic revision of the rattans of Africa (Arecaceae: Calamoideae)

Phytotaxa

Volumn 51, Issue , 2012, Pages 1-76

  Sunderland, Terry C H ^a  

^a CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH   (Indonesia)

Author keywords

Arecaceae; Palmae; Palms; Rattans; Taxonomy; Tropical rain forest

Indexed keywords

EID: 84865205396     PISSN: 11793155     EISSN: 11793163     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.51.1.1     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Adanson, M. (1763) Famille des plantes 2. Chez Vincent, Paris, 640 pp.
2. Aedo, C., Tellería, M.A. & Velayos, M. (1999). Bases documentales para la flora de Guinea Ecuatorial. Real Jardín Botánico, Madrid, 455 pp.
3. Ahn, P. (1961) Regrowth and swamp vegetation in the western forest areas of Ghana. Journal of the West African Science Association 4: 163-173.
4. Ainslie, J.R. (1926) The physiography of southern Nigeria and its effect on the forest flora of the country. Oxford Forestry Memoirs 5: 1-36.
5. Baker, W.J. & Dransfield, J. (2008) Calospatha subsumed in Calamus (Arecaeae: Calmoideae). Kew Bulletin 63: 161-162.
6. Baker, W.J., Savolainen, V., Asmussen-Lange, C.B., Chase, M.W., Dransfield, J., Forest, F., Harley, M.M., Uhl, N.W. & Wilkinson, M. (2009) Complete generic-level phylogenetic analyses of palms (Arecaceae) with comparisons of supertree and supermatrix approaches. Systematic Biology 58: 240-256.
7. Berhaut, S. (1988) Arecacées. In: Bauchet, S (ed.) Flore illustrée du Sénégal: monocotyledons et ptéridpophytes. Gouvernment du Sénégal, Dakar, pp 73-91.
8. Baudon, A. (1924) Les rotins à vannerie de l'Afrique equatorial. Revue de Botanique Appliqué et d'Agriculture Tropicale4: 595.
9. Beccari, O. (1902) Systematic enumeration of the species of Calamus and Daemonorops with diagnoses of the new ones. Record of the Botanical Survey of India 2: 197-230.
10. Beccari, O. (1908) Asiatic palms-Lepidocaryeae. Part II. The species of Calamus. Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden of Calcutta 11: 1-518.
11. Beccari, O. (1910) Contributo alla conscenza delle "Lepidocaryeae" affricane. Webbia 3: 247-294.
12. Beccari, O. (1911) Asiatic palms-Lepidocaryeae. Part 1. The species of Daemonorops. Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden of Calcutta 12: 1-237.
13. Beccari, O. (1913) Asiatic palms-Lepidocaryeae. Supplement to Part 1. The species of Calamus. Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden of Calcutta 11: 1-142.
14. Bentham, G. & Hooker, J.D. (1883) Genera Plantarum. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 342 pp.
15. Braun, J. (1889) Botanischer bericht über die Flora von Kamerun. Mitteilungen von Forschungsreisenden und Gelehrten aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten 2: 141-176.
16. Burkill, I.H. (1997) The useful plants of west tropical Africa 4. Families M-R. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 969 pp. Burret M. 1935. Neue Palmen aus Neuguinea II. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 12: 309-348
17. Burret, M. (1939) Afrikanische Palmen aus nutzpflanzen. Der Tropenflanzer 42: 185-205.
18. Burret, M. (1942) Neue Palmen aus der gruppe der Lepidocaryoideae. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 15: 728-755.
19. Cable, S. & Cheek, M. (1998). The plants of Mount Cameroon: A conservation checklist. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 198 pp.
20. Cheek, M., Onana, J.M. & Pollard, B.J. (2000) The plants of Mount Oku and the Ijim Ridge, Cameroon: a conservation checklist. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 211 pp.
21. Cheek, M., Pollard, B.J., Darbyshire, I., Onana, J.M. & Wild, C. (2004) The plants of Kupe, Mwanenguba and the Bakossi Mountains, Cameroon. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 508 pp.
22. Cummins, H.A. (1898) Botany of Ashanti Expedition. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 136/137: 65-82.
23. Dalziel, J.M. (1937) The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. Crown Agents, London, 612 pp.
24. Davis, P.H. & Heywood, V.H. (1963) Principles of Angiosperm taxonomy. Oliver and Boyd, London, 325 pp.
25. De Wildeman, E. (1903) Palmaceae: Études de Systématique et de Géographie botaniques sur la Flore du Bas-et du Moyen-Congo. Annales du Musée du Congo, série 5 1: 95-98.
26. De Wildeman, E. (1905-1907) Mission Emile Laurent (1903-1904). Imp. F. Vanbuggenhoudt, Bruxelles, 2 vol.
27. De Wildeman, E. (1911) Études sur la flore des districts des Bangala et de l'Ubangi (Congo Belge). Plantae Thonnerianae Congolensis Séries 2. Misch & Thron, Bruxelles, 465 pp.
28. De Wildeman, E. (1916) Palmaceae. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'État a Bruxelles 5: 144-149.
29. De Wildeman, E. (1919) Sur quelques palmiers Congolais. Annales du Musée Colonial de Marseille 7: 1-28.
30. Dransfield, J. (1977) A note on the genus Cornera (Palmae: Lepidocaryeae) in the Malay Peninsula. Malaysian Forester40: 200-202.
31. Dransfield, J. (1982) Nomenclatural notes on Laccosperma and Ancistrophyllum (Palmae: Lepidocaroideae). Kew Bulletin 37: 455-457.
32. Dransfield, J. (1986) Palmae: Flora of Tropical East Africa. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 55 pp.
33. Dransfield, J. (1999) Species and species concepts in Old World Palms. In: Henderson, A. & Borchsenius, F. (eds.), Evolution, variation and classification of palms. The New York Botanical Garden Press, New York, pp 5-21.
34. Dransfield, J., Uhl, N.W., Asmussen, C.B., Baker, W., Harley, M.M. & Lewis C.E. (2008) Genera Palmarum: The evolution and classification of palms. Kew Publishing, Richmond.
35. Drude, O. (1877) Ausgewählte Beispiele zur Erläuterung der Fruchtbildung bei den Palmen. Botanische Zeitung 35: 635.
36. Drude, O. (1895) Die Palmenflora des Tropischen Afrika. Engler's Botanishe Jahrbucher 5: 108-136.
37. Durand, T. & Schinz, H. (1896) Études sur la flore de l'état independent du Congo. L'academie royale des sciences, des letteres, et des beaux arts de Belgique, 729 pp.
38. Durand, T. & De Wildeman, E. (1899) Materiaux pour la flore du Congo. Bulletin de Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique 36: 120-152
39. Durand, T. & Durand, H (1909) Palmaceae: Flora Congolanae. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'État a Bruxelles 2: 584-587.
40. Foggie, A. (1941) Some ecological descriptions on a tropical forest type in the Gold Coast. Journal of Ecology 34: 88-106
41. Furtado, C.X. (1955) Palmae Malesicae XVIII: Two new Calamoid genera of Malaysia. Gardens Bulletin Singapore 14: 517-529.
42. Fosberg, F.R. (1960) Random notes on West African palms. Principes 4: 125-131.
43. Gossweiler, A. (1936) Sur quelques palmiers de l'Angola donnant des produits utilisables. Revue de Botanique Appliquéet d'Agriculture Tropicale 17: 895-898.
44. Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005) World checklist of palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
45. Grimes, B.F. (1996) Ethnologue: Languages of the World 13th Edition. Summer Institute of Linguistics, Dallas.
46. Guinea-Lopez, E. (1946) Ensayo Geobotanico de la Guinea Continental Espanola. Direccion de Agricultura de los Territorios Espanoles del Golfo de Guinea, Madrid, 388 pp.
47. Hall, J.B. & Swaine, M.D. (1981) Distribution and ecology of vascular plants in a tropical rain forest: forest vegetation in Ghana. W. Junk, The Hague, 383 pp.
48. Harris, D. (2004) The vascular plants of Dzanga-Sanga, Central African Republic. Scripta Botanica Belgica 23: 234-236.
49. Hawthorne, W. (1990) Field guide to the forest trees of Ghana. Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, 276 pp.
50. Hédin, L. (1929) Les rotins au Cameroun. Revue de Botanique Appliqué et d'Agriculture Tropicale 9: 502-507.
51. Henderson, A. (1999) Species, species concepts and palm taxonomy in the New World. In: Henderson, A. & Borchsenius, F. (eds.), Evolution, variation and classification of palms. The New York Botanical Garden Press, New York, pp. 21-28.
52. Holland, T. 1922. The Useful Plants of Nigeria. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information Additional Series IX. London, HMSO.
53. Hooker, J.D. & Bentham, G. (1849) Flora Nigritiana. In: Hooker, W.J. (ed.), Niger Flora. Hippolyte Bailliere, London, pp. 201-577.
54. Hutchinson, J. (1936) Palmae. In: Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, J.M. (eds.), Flora of West tropical Africa. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London, pp. 386-392.
55. Hutchinson, J. (1963) Tropical African plants XXVII. Kew Bulletin 27: 181-196.
56. Irvine, F.R. (1952) Supplementary and emergency food plants of West Africa. Economic Botany 6: 23-40.
57. Irvine, F.R. (1961) Woody plants of Ghana. Oxford University Press.
58. IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2010) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 8.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in March 2010. Downloadable from: http://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf
59. Johnson, D.V. (1984) Notes on the palms of Guinea-Bissau. Principes 28: 155-162.
60. Kuntze, O. (1891) Revisio Generum Plantarum Part 2. A. Felix, Leipzig.
61. Letouzey, R. (1978) Notes phytogéographiques sur les palmiers du Cameroun. Adansonia, sér. 2. 18: 293-325.
62. Letouzey, R. (1986) Manuel of forest botany: tropical Africa, Vol. 2B. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Nugent-sur-Marne.
63. Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm.
64. Ludwig, C.G. (1760) Definitiones generum plantarum. Leipzig, 516 pp.
65. Mann, G. & Wendland, H.A. (1864) On the palms of western tropical Africa. Philosophical Transactions of the Linnean Society 24: 421-439.
66. Mildbraed, J. (1913) Von den Bulus genutzte wildwachsende Pflanzen des Südkameruner Waldlandes. Notizblatt des Königl. botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 6 (Appendix 27): 1-43.
67. Mildbraed, J. (1914) Wissenschaftliche ergebnisee der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika expedition 1907-1908, Band II, Botanik. Klinkhardt & Biermann, Leipzig.
68. Moore, H.A. (1971) Wednesdays in Africa. Principes 15: 111-119.
69. Morakinyo, A.B. (1995) Profiles and pan-African distributions of the rattan species (Calamoideae) recorded in Nigeria. Principes 39: 197-209.
70. Olerode, O. (1984) Taxonomy of West African flowering plants. Longman, London, 158 pp.
71. Palisot de Beauvois, A.M.F.J. (1805) Flore de L'Oware et de Benin. Paris, France, 2 vol.
72. Pan, A.D., Jacobs, B.F., Dransfield, J. & Baker, W.J. (2006) The fossil history of palms (Arecaceae) in Africa and new records from the Late Oligocene (28-27 Mya) of north-western Ethiopia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society151: 69-81.
73. Prance, G.T., Beentje, H., Dransfield, J. & Johns, R. (2000) The tropical flora remains undercollected. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 87: 67-71
74. Profizi, J.P. (1986) Notes on West African rattans. RIC Bulletin 5: 1-3.
75. Pyneart, L. (1911) Les palmiers utilés. Bulletin Agricole de Congo Belge 2: 535-552.
76. Raponda Walker, A. & Sillans, R. (1961) Les plantes utiles du Gabon. Encyclopedie Biologique. Lechevalier, Paris, 614 pp.
77. Rauschert, S. (1982) Nomina nova generica et combinationes novae Spermatophytorum et Pteridophytorum. Taxon 31: 554-563.
78. Renier, R.P.M. (1948) Flore du Kwango. Volume 1.
79. Richards, P.W. (1963) Ecological notes on West African vegetation: II lowland forest of the Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve. Journal of Ecology 51: 123-138
80. Ridley, H.N. (1925) Flora of the Malay Peninsula. L. Reeve, London.
81. Robyns, W & Tournay, R. (1955) ées nouvelles ou critiques de la région du Parc National Albert (Congo belge). Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'État a Bruxelles: 239-260.
82. Rollisson, W. (1875) General Catalogue of Stove, Greenhouse, Hardy, and Bedding Plants by William Rollisson & Sons. H.M. Pollett, London.
83. Russell, T.A. (1968) Palmae. In: Hepper, F.N. (ed.), Flora of West Tropical Africa. 3. Crown Agents, London, pp. 159-172.
84. Schweinfurth, G. (1867) Beitraege zur Flora Aethiopiens. Berlin.
85. Staner, P. & Boutique, R. (1937) Matériaux plantes medicinales indigènes du Congo Belge. Memoire l'Institute Royale College de Belge, 13 pp.
86. Sunderland, T.C.H. (2001) The taxonomy, ecology and utilisation of African rattans (Palmae: Calamoideae). PhD thesis, University College, London.
87. Sunderland, T.C.H. (2002) Two new species of rattan (Palmae: Calamoideae) from Africa. Journal of Bamboo and Rattan 1: 361-369.
88. Sunderland, T.C.H. (2003) Two new species of rattan (Palmae: Calamoideae) from the forests of West and Central Africa. Kew Bulletin 58: 987-990.
89. Sunderland, T.C.H. (2007) A field guide to the rattans of Africa. Kew Publishing, Richmond.
90. Sunderland, T.C.H., Beligné, V., Bonnehin, L., Ebanyenle, E., Oteng-Amoako, A. & Zouzou, E.J. (2005) Taxonomy, population dynamics and utilisation of the rattan palms of Upper Guinea. In: Bongers, F., Parren, M.P.E. & Traoré, D. (eds.), Forest climbers of West Africa: diversity, ecology and management. CABI Publishing, pp. 147-167.
91. Sunderland, T.C.H., Balinga, M. Asaha, S & Malleson, R. (2008) The utilization and management of African rattans: Constraints to sustainable supply through cultivation. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 38: 337-353.
92. Tomlinson, P.B. (1962) Palms of Africa. Principes 6: 96-103.
93. Tuley, P. (1995) The palms of Africa. Trendrine Press, Zennor.
94. Unwin, A.H. (1920) West African forests and forestry. T. Fisher Ltd, London, 527 pp.
95. Wendland, H. (1878) In: Kerchove de Denterghem, O. de. (1878) Les Palmiers. J. Rothschild, Paris, 348 pp.
96. White, L.J.T. & Abernethy, K. (1997) A guide to the vegetation of the Lopé Reserve, Gabon. ECOFAC and the Wildlife Conservation Society, Libreville, Gabon, 224 pp.
97. Wright, C.H. (1902) Palmae. In: Thistleton-Dyer, W.T. (ed.), Flora of tropical Africa Vol. III. Lovell Reeve & Co. London, pp. 97-126.