Does the State Promote Communal violence for electoral reasons?

India Review

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 191-199

  Varshney, Ashutosh ^a   Gubler, Joshua R ^b  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84865053018     PISSN: 14736489     EISSN: 15573036     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14736489.2012.705634     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Prevention of Communal and Targeted Violence (Access to Justice and Reparations) Bill, 2011, http://nac.nic.in/communal (last accessed May 21, 2012).
2. The power of the NAC depends on the relationship of the Congress party vis-à-vis other coalition partners as also on the equations within the party.
3. Javed Anand, "Targeting the Lawbreakers," Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 46, No. 34 (2011), pp. 19-21
4. Siddharth Varadarajan, "A Bill to Settle a Terrible Debt," The Hindu, June 21, 2011, http://www.thehindu.com
5. Ashutosh Varshney, "Rethink the Communal Violence Bill," The Indian Express, July 16, 2011, http://www.indianexpress.com.
6. Paul Brass: Theft of an Idol: Text and Context in the Representation of Collective Violence (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997)
7. Production of Hindu-Muslim violence in contemporary India (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2003).
8. Gary King, Robert Keohane, and Sidney Verba, Designing Social Inquiry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).
9. Ashutosh Varshney, Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), p. 6.
10. Even then, the large-n approach has its problems.
11. John Gerring, Case Study Research: Principles and Practices (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
12. Steven I. Wilkinson, Votes and Violence: Ethnic Riots in India (New York: Cambridge University Press. 2004).
13. We place Wilkinson's arguments in the larger body of literature on communal riots.
14. Varshney and Gubler, "Sparks and Fires: The State and Civil Society in Communal Violence," in Atul Kohli and Prerna Singh, eds., Routledge Handbook of Indian Politics (London: Routledge Press, in press).
15. Unlike in our forthcoming piece, our emphasis in this note is on the technical side of his argument.
16. Wilkinson, Votes and Violence (see note 8 above), p. 5.
17. Wilkinson, Votes and Violence (see note 8 above), pp. 6-7.
18. Varshney-Wilkinson Dataset on Hindu-Muslim Violence in India, 1950-1995, Version 2 (Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research [ICPSR]), http://www.icpsr.umich.edu.
19. Wilkinson, Votes and Violence (see note 8 above), p. 151.
20. Aryanagar, Sisamau, Generalganj, Kanpur Cantonment, Govindnagar, Kalyanpur, and Sarsaul.
21. Mohd. Sanjeer Alam, "On Matching Census Tracts and Electoral Boundaries: The Bottom-Up Aggregation Approach," Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 45, No. 34 (2010), p. 65.
22. Note that "urban" here includes all towns larger than 5,000 (as opposed to 20,000 individuals), which means that this 8 percent figure is actually artificially high.
23. R. Ramachandran, Urbanization and Urban Systems in India (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989), pp. 104-105.
24. It should be noted that this problem will not be resolved even if Wilkinson has successfully and accurately allocated each town to its constituency.