Neoproterozoic continental accretion in South China: Geochemical evidence from the Fuchuan ophiolite in the Jiangnan orogen

Precambrian Research

Volumn 220-221, Issue , 2012, Pages 45-64

  Zhang, Shao Bing ^a   Wu, Rong Xin ^a   Zheng, Yong Fei ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA   (China)

Author keywords

Arc continent collision; Backarc basin; Continental accretion; Mantle wedge melting; Ophiolite; Zircon

Indexed keywords

ACCRETION; ARC-CONTINENT COLLISION; BACKARC BASIN; GEOCHEMISTRY; GEOCHRONOLOGY; MANTLE SOURCE; OPHIOLITE; OROGENY; PARTIAL MELTING; PROTEROZOIC; ZIRCON;

CHINA;

EID: 84865048829     PISSN: 03019268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.precamres.2012.07.010     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Agrinier P., Javoy M., Girardeau J. Hydrothermal activity in a peculiar oceanic ridge: oxygen and hydrogen isotope evidence in the Xigaza ophiolite (Tibet, China). Chemical Geology 1988, 71:313-335.
2. 204Pb. Chemical Geology 2002, 192:59-79.
3. Blichert-Toft J., Albarede F. The Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the mantle-crust system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1997, 148:243-258.
4. Brown D., Ryan P.D. Arc-Continent Collision 2011, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
5. Cas R., Wright J. Volcanic Sucessions - Modern and Ancient 1995, Chapman & Hall, London.
6. Cavosie A.J., Kita N.T., Valley J.W. Primitive oxygen-isotope ratio recorded in magmatic zircon from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. American Mineralogist 2009, 94:926-934.
7. Cawood P.A., Kroner A., Collins W.J., Kusky T.M., Mooney W.D., Windley B.F. Accretionary orogens through Earth history. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2009, 318:1-36.
8. Charvet J., Shu L.S., Shi Y.S., Guo L.Z., Faure M. The building of south China: collision of Yangzi and Cathaysia blocks, problems and tentative answers. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences 1996, 13:223-235.
9. Chen J.F., Foland K.A., Xing F.M., Xu X., Zhou T.X. Magmatism along the southeast margin of the Yangtze and Cathysia block of China. Geology 1991, 19:815-818.
10. Chen Z., Xing G., Guo K., Dong Y., Chen R., Zeng Y., Li L., He Z., Zhao L. Petrogenesis of keratophyes in the Pingshui Group, Zhejiang: constraints from zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes. Chinese Science Bulletin 2009, 54:1570-1578.
11. Chen Z., Guo K., Dong Y., Chen R., Li L., Liang Y., Li C., Yu X., Zhao L., Xing G. Possible early Neoproterozoic magmatism associated with slab window in the Pingshui segment of the Jiangshan-Shaoxing suture zone: evidence from zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences 2009, 52:925-939.
12. Collins W.J., Richards S.W. Geodynamic significance of S-type granites in circum-Pacific orogens. Geology 2008, 36:559-562.
13. Compston W., Williams I.S., Kirschvink J.L. Zircon U-Pb ages for the Early Cambrian time-scale. Journal of the Geological Society 1992, 149:171-184.
14. Dai L.-Q., Zhao Z.-F., Zheng Y.-F., Li Q.L., Yang Y.H., Dai M.N. Zircon Hf-O isotope evidence for crust-mantle interaction during continental deep subduction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2011, 308:229-244.
15. Dewey J.F. Episodicity sequence and style at convergent plate boundaries. The Continental Crust and Its Mineral Deposits 1980, 553-573. Geol. Assoc., Canada, Waterloo, Ontario. D.W. Strangway (Ed.).
16. Dewey J.F. Orogeny can be very short. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005, 102:15286-15293.
17. Dilek Y., Furnes H. Ophiolite genesis and global tectonics: geochemical and tectonic fingerprinting of ancient oceanic lithosphere. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2011, 123:387-411.
18. Dilek Y., Robinson P.T. Ophiolites in earth history. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2003, 218:717pp.
19. Ding B.H., Shi R.D., Zhi X.C., Zheng L., Chen L. Neoproterozoic (∼850Ma) subduction in the Jiangnan orogen: evidence from the SHRIMP U-Pb dating of the SSZ-type ophiolite in southern Anhui Province. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 2008, 27:375-388. (in Chinese with English abstract).
20. Eiler J.M. Oxygen isotope variations of basaltic lavas and upper mantle rocks. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2001, 43:319-364.
21. Fu B., Page F., Cavosie A., Fournelle J., Kita N., Lackey J., Wilde S., Valley J. Ti-in-zircon thermometry: applications and limitations. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2008, 156:197-215.
22. Gao L.Z., Yang M.G., Ding X.Z., Liu Y.X., Liu X., Ling L.H., Zhang C.H. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of tuff in the Shuangqiaoshan and Heshangzhen groups in South China-constraints on the evolution of the Jiangnan Neoproterozoic orogenic belt. Geological Bulletin of China 2008, 27:1744-1751. (in Chinese with English abstract).
23. Gao J., Klemd R., Long L., Xiong X., Qian Q. Adakitic signature formed by fractional crystallization: An interpretation for the Neo-Proterozoic meta-plagiogranites of the NE Jiangxi ophiolitic mélange belt, South China. Lithos 2009, 110:277-293.
24. Gao L.Z., Dai C.G., Liu Y.X., Wang M., Wang X.H., Chen J.S., Ding X.Z., Zhang C.H., Cao Q., Liu J.H. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating of tuff bed of the Sibao Group in southeastern Guizhou - northern Guangxi area China and its stratigraphic mplication. Geological Bulletin of China 2010, 29:1259-1267. (in Chinese with English abstract).
25. Gan X.C., Li X.H., Zhao F.Q., Huang H.B. Zircon U-Pb and Sm-Nd isochron ages of spilite from Danzhou Group, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Geochemica 1996, 25:270-276. (in Chinese with English abstract).
26. Ge W.C., Li X.H., Li Z.X., Zhou H.W., Wang J., Li J.Y. " Longsheng Ophiolite" in North Guangxi revisited. Acta Petrologica Sinica 2000, 16:111-118. (in Chinese with English abstract).
27. 18O buffering of the oceans by deep (>5km) seawater-hydrothermal circulation at Mid-Ocean Ridges. Journal of Geophysical Research 1981, 86:2737-2755.
28. Gregory R.T. Ophiolites and global geochemical cycles: implications for the isotopic evolution of seawater. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2003, 218:353-368.
29. Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., Ryan C.G. The composition and origin of subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and High-Pressure Experimentation: A Tribute to Francis R. (Joe) Boyd. Geochemical Society Special Publication No. 6 1999, 13-45. The Geochemical Society, Houston. Y. Fei, C.M. Bertka, B.O. Mysen (Eds.).
30. Griffin W.L., Pearson N.J., Belousova E., Jackson S.E., van Achterbergh E., O'Reilly S.Y., Shee S.R. The Hf isotope composition of cratonic mantle: LAM-MC-ICPMS analysis of zircon megacrysts in kimberlites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2000, 64:133-147.
31. Guo L.Z., Shi Y.S., Ma R.S. The geotectonic framework and crustal evolution of South China. Scientific Papers on Geology for International Exchange 1980, vol. 1. Geological Publishing House Beijing, pp. 109-116 (in Chinese).
32. Hart S.R., Blusztajn J., Dick H.J.B., Meyer P.S., Muehlenbachs K. The fingerprint of seawater circulation in a 500-meter section of ocean crust gabbros. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1999, 63:4059-4080.
33. Ishiwatari A. Alpine ophiolites: product of low-degree mantle melting in a Mesozoic transcurrent rift zone. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1985, 76:93-108.
34. Jarrard R.D. Relations among subduction parameters. Reviews of Geophysics 1986, 24:217-284.
35. Kelemen P.B., Hanghoj K., Greene A.R. One view of the geochemistry of subduction-related magmatic arcs, with an emphasis on primitive andesite and lower crust. Treatise on Geochemistry 2003, 3:593-660.
36. Kusky T.M. Precambrian Ophiolites and Related Rocks. Developments in Precambrian Geology 2004, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 748.
37. Lawton T.F., McMillan N.J. Arc abandonment as a cause for passive continental rifting: comparison of the Jurassic Mexican Borderland rift and the Cenozoic Rio Grande rift. Geology 1999, 27:779-782.
38. Li X.H., Zhou G.Q., Zhao J.X., Fanning C.M., Composton W. SHRIMP ion microprobe zircon U-Pb age and Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics of the NE Jiangxi ophiolite and its tectonic implications. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 1994, 13:317-325.
39. Li X.H. Geochemical and Isotopic Study of the Longsheng Ophiolites from Northern Guangxi. Acta Geoscientia Sinica 1997, 18(Suppl.):95-97. (in Chinese with English abstract).
40. Li X.H., Zhao J.X., McCulloch M.T., Zhou G.Q., Xing F.M. Geochemical and Sm-Nd isotopic of Neoproterozoic ophiolites from southeastern China: petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Precambrian Research 1997, 81:129-144.
41. Li X.H., Liu Y., Tu X.L., Hu G.Q., Zeng W. Precise determination of chemical compositions in rock samples using ICP-AES and ICP-MS: a comparative study of sample digestion techniques of alkali fusion and acid dissolution. Geochimica 2002, 31:289-294. (in Chinese with English abstract).
42. Li W.X., Li X.H. Adakitic granites within the NE Jiangxi ophiolites, South China: geochemical and Nd isotopic evidence. Precambrian Research 2003, 122:29-44.
43. Li X.H., Li Z.X., Ge W.C., Li W.X., Liu Y., Wingate M.T.D. Neoproterozoic granitoids in South China: crustal melting above a mantle plume at ca.825Ma?. Precambrian Research 2003, 122:45-83.
44. Li Z.X., Li X.H., Kinny P.D., Wang J., Zhang S., Zhou H. Geochronology of Neoproterozoic syn-rift magmatism in the Yangtze Craton, South China and correlations with other continents: evidence for a mantle superplume that broke up Rodinia. Precambrian Research 2003, 122:85-109.
45. 39Ar dating and SHRIMP U-Pb detrital zircon provenance constraints. Precambrian Research 2007, 159:79-94.
46. Li W.X., Li X.H., Li Z.X., Lou F.S. Obduction-type granites within the NE Jiangxi Ophiolite: implications for the final amalgamation between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks. Gondwana Research 2008, 13:288-301.
47. Li X.-H., Li W.-X., Li Z.-X., Lo C.-H., Wang J., Ye M.-F., Yang Y.H. Amalgamation between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks in South China: Constraints from SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages, geochemistry and Nd-Hf isotopes of the Shuangxiwu volcanic rocks. Precambrian Research 2009, 174:117-128.
48. Ludwig K.R. Users Manual for Isoplot/Ex (rev. 2.49): A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication, No. 1a 2001, 55 p.
49. Mattey D., Lowry D., Macpherson C. Oxygen isotope composition of mantle peridotite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1994, 128:213-241.
50. McDonough W.F., Sun S.S. The composition of the earth. Chemical Geology 1995, 120:223-253.
51. Miyashiro A. Classification, characteristics, and origin of ophiolites. Journal of Geology 1975, 83:249-281.
52. Moores E.M. Pre-1 Ga (pre-Rodinian) ophiolites: their tectonic and environmental implications. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2002, 114:80-95.
53. Morgan J.P., Ranero C.R., Vannucchi P. Intra-arc extension in Central America: links between plate motions, tectonics, volcanism, and geochemistry. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 272:365-371.
54. Morishita T., Hara K., Nakamura K., Sawaguchi T., Tamura A., Arai S., Okino K., Takai K., Kumagai H. Igneous, alteration and exhumation processes recorded in abyssal peridotites and related fault rocks from an oceanic core complex along the central Indian ridge. Journal of Petrology 2009, 50:1299-1325.
55. Nowell G.M., Kempton P.D., Noble S.R., Fitton J.G., Saunders A.D., Mahoney J.J., Taylor R.N. High precision Hf isotope measurements of MORB and OIB by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry: insights into the depleted mantle. Chemical Geology 1998, 149:211-233.
56. Pearce J.A., Cann J.R. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1973, 19:290-300.
57. Pearce J.A., Stern R.J. The origin of back-arc basin magmas: trace element and isotope perspectives. Back-Arc Spreading Systems: Geological, Biological, Chemical and Physical Interactions 2006, vol. 166:63-86. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph.
58. Ringwood A.E. Slab-mantle interactions: 3. Petrogenesis of intraplate magmas and structure of the upper mantle. Chemical Geology 1990, 82:187-207.
59. Rudnick R.L. Making continental crust. Nature 1995, 378:571-578.
60. Shen W.Z., Zou H.B., Chu X.J., Zhou X.M., Yang J.D., Wang Y.X. Nd, Sr, and O isotopic study on Fuchuan Ophiolite suite in Anhui Province. Scientia Geologica Sinica 1992, 4:333-341. (in Chinese with English abstract).
61. Scherer E., Munker C., Mezger K. Calibration of the lutetium-hafnium clock. Science 2001, 293:683-687.
62. Shervais J.W. Ti-V plot and the petrogenesis of modern and ophiolitic lavas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1982, 59:101-118.
63. Stacey J.S., Kramers J.D. Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1975, 26:207-221.
64. Stern R.J. The anatomy and ontogeny of modern intra-oceanic arc systems. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2010, 338:7-34.
65. Sun S.-S., McDonough W.F. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalt: implications for mantle composition and processes. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 1989, 42:313-345.
66. Taylor S.R., McLennan S.M. The geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Reviews of Geophysics 1995, 33:241-265.
67. Taylor B., Martinez F. Back-arc basin basalt systematics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2003, 210:481-497.
68. Uyeda S., Kanamori H. Back-arc opening and the mode of subduction. Reviews of Geophysics 1979, B84:1049-1061.
69. Valley J.W., Kitchen N., Kohn M.J., Niendorf C.R., Spicuzza M.J. UWG-2, a garnet standard for oxygen isotope ratio: strategies for high precision and accuracy with laser heating. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1995, 59:5223-5231.
70. Valley J.W., Kinny P.D., Schulze D.J., Spicuzza M.J. Zircon megacrysts from kimberlite: oxygen isotope variability among mantle melts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1998, 133:1-11.
71. Wang X.-L., Zhou J.-C., Griffin W.L., Wang R.-C., Qiu J.-S., O'Reilly S.Y., Xu X., Liu X.-M., Zhang G.-L. Detrital zircon geochronology of Precambrian basement sequences in the Jiangnan orogen: Dating the assembly of the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks. Precambrian Research 2007, 159:117-131.
72. Wang X.L., Zhao G.C., Zhou J.-C., Liu Y., Hu J. Geochronology and Hf isotopes of zircon from volcanic rocks of the Shuangqiaoshan Group, South China: implications for the Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Jiangnan orogen. Gondwana Research 2008, 14:355-367.
73. Wang W., Zhou M.-F., Yan D.-P., Li J.-W. Depositional age, provenance, and tectonic setting of the Neoproterozoic Sibao Group, southeastern Yangtze Block, South China. Precambrian Research 2012, 192-195:107-124.
74. Wang X.-L., Shu L.-S., Xing G.-F., Zhou J.-C., Tang M., Shu X.-J., Qi L., Hu Y.-H. Post-orogenic extension in the eastern part of the Jiangnan orogen: evidence from ca 800-760Ma volcanic rocks. Precambrian Research 2012, 10.1016/j.precamres.2011.07.003.
75. Watson E., Wark D., Thomas J. Crystallization thermometers for zircon and rutile. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2006, 151:413-433.
76. Wiedenbeck M., Alle P., Corfu F., Griffin W.L., Meier M., Oberli F., von Quadt A., Roddick J.C., Spiegel W. Three natural zircon standards for U-Th-Pb, Lu-Hf, trace element and REE analyses. Geostandards Newsletter 1995, 19:1-23.
77. Williams I.S. U-Th-Pb geochronology by ion microprobe. Applications of Microanalytical Techniques to Understanding Mineralizing Processes 1998, vol. 7:1-35. Rev. Econ. Geol.
78. Wu R.-X., Zheng Y.-F., Wu Y.-B., Zhao Z.-F., Zhang S.-B., Liu X.M., Wu F.-Y. Reworking of juvenile crust: element and isotope evidence from Neoproterozoic granodiorite in South China. Precambrian Research 2006, 146:179-212.
79. Wu F.-Y., Yang Y.-H., Xie L.-W., Yang J.-H., Xu P. Hf isotopic compositions of the standard zircons and baddeleyites used in U-Pb geochronology. Chemical Geology 2006, 234:105-126.
80. Wu Y.-B., Zheng Y.-F., Tang J., Gong B., Zhao Z.-F., Liu X.M. Zircon U-Pb dating of water-rock interaction during Neoproterozoic rift magmatism in South China. Chemical Geology 2007, 246:65-86.
81. Xiao W.J., Han C.M., Yuan C., Sun M., Zhao G.C., Shan Y.H. Transitions among Mariana-, Japan-, Cordillera- and Alaska-type arc systems and their final juxtapositions leading to accretionary and collisional orogenesis. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2010, 338:35-53.
82. Xing F.M. Geochemical indication of formation environment of Fuchuan Ophiolites in Southern Anhui Province. Acat Petrologica et Mineralogica 1990, 9:1-12. (in Chinese with English abstract).
83. Ye M.-F., Li X.-H., Li W.-X., Liu Y., Li Z.-X. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb geochronological and whole-rock geochemical evidence for an early Neoproterozoic Sibaoan magmatic arc along the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block. Gondwana Research 2007, 12:144-156.
84. Yuan H.L., Gao S., Liu X.M., Li H.M., Gunther D., Wu F.Y. Accurate U-Pb age and trace element determinations of zircon by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Geostandards & Geoanalytical Research 2004, 28:353-370.
85. Zhang S.-B., Zheng Y.-F., Wu Y.-B., Zhao Z.-F., Gao S., Wu F.-Y. Zircon U-Pb age and Hf-O isotope evidence for Paleoproterozoic metamorphic event in South China. Precambrian Research 2006, 151:265-288.
86. Zhang S.-B., Zheng Y.-F., Zhao Z.-F., Wu Y.-B., Yuan H., Wu F.-Y. Neoproterozoic anatexis of Archean lithosphere: geochemical evidence from felsic to mafic intrusions at Xiaofeng in the Yangtze Gorge, South China. Precambrian Research 2008, 163:210-238.
87. Zhang J.-J., Zheng Y.-F., Zhao Z.-F. Geochemical evidence for interaction between oceanic crust and lithospheric mantle in the origin of Cenozoic continental basalts in east-central China. Lithos 2009, 110:305-326.
88. Zhang J., Zhao Z.-F., Zheng Y.-F., Liu X.M., Xie L.W. Zircon Hf-O isotope and whole-rock geochemical constraints on origin of postcollisional mafic to felsic dykes in the Sulu orogen. Lithos 2012, 136-139:225-245.
89. Zhao Z.F., Zheng Y.F., Wei C.S., Wu Y.B., Chen F.K., Jahn B.M. Zircon U-Pb age, element and C-O isotope geochemistry of post-collisional mafic-ultramafic rocks from the Dabie orogen in east-central China. Lithos 2005, 83:1-28.
90. Zhao J.-H., Zhou M.F., Yan D.P., Zheng J.P., Li J.W. Reappraisal of the ages of Neoproterozoic strata in South China: no connection with the Grenvillian orogeny. Geology 2011, 39:299-302.
91. Zhao Z.F., Zheng Y.F., Wei C.S., Wu F.Y. Origin of postcollisional magmatic rocks in the Dabie orogen: implications for crust-mantle interaction and crustal architecture. Lithos 2011, 126:99-114.
92. Zheng Y.F. Calculation of oxygen isotope fractionation in metal oxides. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1991, 55:2299-2307.
93. Zheng Y.F. Calculation of oxygen isotope fractionation in anhydrous silicate minerals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1993, 57:1079-1091.
94. Zheng Y.F. Calculation of oxygen isotope fractionation in hydroxyl-bearing silicates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1993, 120:247-263.
95. Zheng Y.-F., Wang Z.R., Li S.G., Zhao Z.-F. Oxygen isotope equilibrium between eclogite minerals and its constraints on mineral Sm-Nd chronometer. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2002, 66:625-634.
96. 18O depletion event in igneous rocks during the Neoproterozoic. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2004, 68:4145-4165.
97. Zheng Y.-F., Zhang S.-B., Zhao Z.-F., Wu Y.-B., Li X., Li Z., Wu F.-Y. Contrasting zircon Hf and O isotopes in the two episodes of Neoproterozoic granitoids in South China: implications for growth and reworking of continental crust. Lithos 2007, 96:127-150.
98. Zheng Y.F., Wu Y.B., Gong B., Chen R.X., Tang J., Zhao Z.F. Tectonic driving of Neoproterozoic glaciations: evidence from extreme oxygen isotope signature of meteoric water in granite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 256:196-210.
99. Zheng Y.F., Wu R.X., Wu Y.B., Zhang S.B., Yuan H., Wu F.Y. Rift melting of juvenile arc-derived crust: geochemical evidence from Neoproterozoic volcanic and granitic rocks in the Jiangnan orogen, South China. Precambrian Research 2008, 163:351-383.
100. Zheng Y.F., Wu F.Y. Growth and reworking of cratonic lithosphere. Chinese Science Bulletin 2009, 54:3347-3353.
101. Zheng Y.F., Ye K., Zhang L.F. Developing the plate tectonics from oceanic subduction to continental collision. Chinese Science Bulletin 2009, 54:2549-2555.
102. Zheng Y.-F., Chen R.-X., Zhao Z.-F. Chemical geodynamics of continental subduction-zone metamorphism: insights from studies of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) core samples. Tectonophysics 2009, 475:327-358.
103. Zheng Y.-F., Xia Q.-X., Chen R.-X., Gao X.-Y. Partial melting, fluid supercriticality and element mobility in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks during continental collision. Earth-Science Reviews 2011, 107:342-374.
104. Zheng Y.-F. Metamorphic chemical geodynamics in continental subduction zones. Chemical Geology 2012, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.02.005.
105. Zhou X.M., Zou H.B., Yang J.D., Wang Y.X. Sm-Nd isochron age of the Fuchuan Ophiolite Suite in Shexian, Anhui Provence and its geological significance. Chinese Science Bulletin 1989, 16:1243-1245. (in Chinese with English abstract).
106. Zimmer M., Kroner A., Jochum K.P., Reischmann T., Todt W. The Gabal Gerf complex: a Precambrian N-MORB ophiolite in the Nubian Shield, NE Africa. Chemical Geology 1995, 123:29-51.