Reforming the good moral character requirement for U.S. Citizenship

Indiana Law Journal

Volumn 87, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1571-1637

  Lapp, Kevin ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84864913478     PISSN: 00196665     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Act of Mar. 26,1790, ch. 3, § 1,1 Stat. 103.
2. I ANNALS OF CONG. 1114 (1790) I
3. Posusta v. United States, 285 F.2d 533, 535-36 (2d Cir. 1961)
4. Immigration and Nationality Service, Nationality Manual: for the use of Officers and Employees of the Immigration and Naturalization Service § 773 (1945).
5. Winfield E. Ohlson, Moral Character and the Naturalization Act, 13 B.U. L. Rev. 636 (1933)
6. Albert S. Persichetti, Good Moral Character as a Requirement for Naturalization, 22 TEMP. L.Q. 182 (1948)
7. Elmer Plischke, "Good Moral Character" in the Naturalization Law of the United States, 23 MARQ. L. Rev. 117 (1939)
8. Note, Good Moral Character in Naturalization Proceedings, 48 CoLUM. L. Rev. 622 (1948).
9. Lisa H. Newton, On Coherence in the Law: A Study of the "Good Moral Character" Requirement in the Naturalization Statute, 46 TEMP. L.Q. 40 (1972)
10. Steven L. Strange, Private Consensual Sexual Conduct and the "Good Moral Character" Requirement of the Immigration and Nationality Act, 14 COLUM. J. TRANSNAT'L L. 357 (1975)
11. Note, The Evaluation of Good Moral Character in Naturalization Proceedings, 38 Alb. L. Rev. 895 (1974)
12. Note, Naturalization and the Adjudication of Good Moral Character: An Exercise in Judicial Uncertainty, 47 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 545 (1972)
13. Peter J. Spiro, Questioning Barriers to Naturalization, 13 GEO. IMMIGR. L.J. 479, 508-16 (1999)
14. Gerald L. Neuman, Justifying U.S. Naturalization Policies, 35 Va. J. Int'l L. 237 (1994)
15. T. Alexander Aleinikoff, David A. Martin, Hiroshi Motomura & Maryellen FULLERTON, IMMIGRATION AND CITIZENSHIP: PROCESS AND POLICY 117-18 (7th ed. 2011)
16. Stephen H. Legomsky & Cristina M. Rodriguez, Immigration and Refugee Law and POUCY 1307 (5th ed. 2009).
17. Rogers M. Smith, Civic Ideals: Conflicting Visions of Citizenship in U.S. History 14 (1997).
18. Chantal Mouffe, Democratic Citizenship and the Political Community, in Dimensions of Radical Democracy 231 (1995).
19. Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. (16 Wall) 36,114 (1873).
20. Sugarman v. Dougall, 413 U.S. 634, 652 (1973)
21. Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez, 372 U.S. 144,159 (1963).
22. Perez v. Brownell, 356 U.S. 44,64 (1958).
23. Kenneth L. Karst, Foreword: Equal Citizenship Under the Fourteenth Amendment, 91 Harv. L. Rev. 1, 21 (1977)
24. Ron Hayduk, Democracy for All: Restoring Immigrant Voting Rights in the United States 15-40 (2006)
25. Jamin B. Raskin, Legal Aliens, Local Citizens: The Historical, Constitutional and Theoretical Meanings of Alien Suffrage, 141 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1391 (1993). (Pubitemid 24815057)
26. Ng Fung Ho v. White, 259 U.S. 276, 284 (1922)
27. 8 U.S.C. § 1451(a), (e) (2006)
28. Cristina M. Rodriguez, 103 Amer. J. Int'l Law 180, 186-87 (2009)
29. Cristina M. Rodriguez, The Citizenship Paradox in a Transnational Age, 106 Mich. L. Rev. 1111, 1120-21 (2008)
30. Adam Winkler, Note, Expressive Voting, 68 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 330, 331 (1993)
31. City of Chicago v. Shalala, 189 F.3d 598, 608 (7th Cir. 1999)
32. Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong, 426 U.S. 88, 105 (1976)
33. Act of Mar. 26, 1790, ch. 3, § 1, 1 Stat. 103, 103 (repealed 1795)
34. Civil Rights Act of 1866, ch. 31, 14 Stat. 27
35. U.S. Const, amend. XIV.
36. Rogers M. Smith, Birthright Citizenship and the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 and 2008,11 U. Pa. J. Const. L. 1329,1333 (2009).
37. Citizenship Act of June 2, 1924, ch. 233,43 Stat. 253, 253
38. Ian Haney Lopez, White By Law (10th Anniversary ed. 2006)
39. United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind, 261 U.S. 204 (1923)
40. Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA), Pub. L. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009
41. Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA), Pub. L. No. 104-132,110 Stat. 1214 (1996)
42. Peter H. Schuck, The Re-Evaluation of American Citizenship, 12 GEO. IMMIGR. L.J. 1,2(1997).
43. Peter H. Schuck, Membership in the Liberal Polity: The Devaluation of American Citizenship, 3 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 1 (1989)
44. Patrick Weil, Access to Citizenship: A Comparison of Twenty-Five Nationality Laws, in Citizenship Today: Global Perspectives and Practices 17 (T. Alexander Aleinikoff & Douglas Klusmeyer eds., 2001).
45. 8 U.S.C. § 1429 (2006).
46. Act of Mar. 26, 1790, ch. 3, § 1, 1 Stat. 103, 103
47. Luria v. United States, 231 U.S. 9, 23 (1913)
48. Berenyi v. District Director, 385 U.S. 630, 637 (1967)
49. 8 C.F.R. § 316.10(a)(1)
50. Etape v. Chertoff, 497 F.3d 379, 386 (4th Cir. 2007).
51. 8 U.S.C. § 1421(c).
52. Black's Law Dictionary 978-79 (8th ed. 2004).
53. Lisa H. Newton, On Coherence in the Law: A Study of the "Good Moral Character" Requirement in the Naturalization Statute, 46 TEMP. L.Q. 40 (1972)
54. Comment, The Evaluation of Good Moral Character in Naturalization Proceedings, 38 Alb. L. Rev. 895 (1974)
55. Note, Naturalization and the Adjudication of Good Moral Character: An Exercise in Judicial Uncertainty, 47 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 546 (1972).
56. Posusta v. United States, 285 F.2d 533, 535 (2d Cir. 1961).
57. Santamaria-Ames v. INS, 104 F.3d 1127,1131 (9th Cir. 1996).
58. 8 U.S.C. § 1427(a)(3)
59. Ikenokwalu-White v. INS, 316 F.3d 798, 805 (8th Cir. 2003)
60. Santamaria-Ames, 104 F.3d at 1132 (same).
61. 8 C.F.R. § 316.10(aX2)
62. Posusta, 285 F.2d at 536.
63. Repouille v. United States, 165 F.2d 152,153-54 (2d Cir. 1947).
64. Yuen Jung v. Barber, 184 F.2d 491, 495 (9th Cir. 1950)
65. Santamaria-Ames v. INS, 104 F.3d 1127, 1131 (9th Cir. 1996)
66. United States v. Hovsepian, 422 F.3d 883, 886 (9th Cir. 2005).
67. Pub. L. No. 100-690, 102 Stat. 4181
68. Immigration Act of 1990, § 509,104 Stat, at 5051.
69. Donaldson v. Acosta, 163 Fed. Appx. 261 (5th Cir. 2006)
70. INS v. St. Cyr, 533 U.S. 289, 296 nn. 4 & 6 (2001)
71. IIRIRA, § 321, 110 Stat, at 3009-627.
72. 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43) (2006)
73. United States v. Pacheco, 225 F.3d 148, 149 (2d Cir. 2000)
74. United States v. Graham, 169 F.3d 787, 788 (3d Cir. 1999)
75. 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(48)(A)
76. H.R. REP. No. 104-828, at 224 (1996) (Conf. Rep.)
77. Roldan, 22 I. & N. Dec. 512 (B.I.A. 1999)
78. Flores, 17 I. & N. Dec. 225, 225 (B.I.A. 1980)
79. INS v. St. Cyr, 533 U.S. 289,294-95 (2001).
80. In re Matter of Marin, 16 I. & N. Dec. 581, 584-85 (B.I.A. 1978).
81. 8 C.F.R. 212.7(d) (2010).
82. Yepes-Prado v. INS, 10 F.3d 1363,1366 (9th Cir. 1993).
83. INS v. St. Cyr, 533 U.S. 289,295 (2001).
84. Immigration Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-649, § 511,104 Stat. 4978, 5052.
85. Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA), Pub. L. No. 104-208, sec. 304, § 204B(b), 110 Stat. 3009-546, 3009-597.
86. INS v. St. Cyr, 533 U.S. 289, 294-95 (2001).
87. Donaldson v. Acosta, 163 Fed. App'x 261,262 (5th Cir. 2006).
88. Erica Pearson, Citizen Bid Turns Into Deportation Rap, N.Y. Daily News, Nov. 3, 2010, at 24.
89. Settlement Agreement, Lee v. Gonzales, No. C04-449-RSL (W.D. Wash. July 10, 2005).
90. Deposition of Eladio Torres, Lawson v. USCIS, No. 09 Civ. 10195 (S.D.N.Y) (July 14.2010)
91. Bugajewitz v. Adams, 228 U.S. 585, 591 (1913).
92. Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533, 555 (1964).
93. Frances Fox Piven & Richard A. Cloward, Why Americans Don't Vote 3 (1988).
94. Jeff Manza & Christopher Uggen, Locked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement and American Democracy 18-19 (2006).
95. Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality 59 (1983).
96. See Graham v. Richardson, 403 U.S. 365, 372 (1971)
97. Juliet P. Stumpf, States of Confusion: The Rise of State and Local Power over Immigration, 86 N.C. L. Rev. 1557, 1594-60 (2008).
98. Lauren Gilbert, Citizenship, Civic Virtue, and Immigrant Integration: The Enduring Power of Community-Based Norms, 27 Yale L. & Pol'y Rev. 335, 361 (2009).
99. Gonzales-Gomez v. Achim, 441 F.3d 532, 535 (7th Cir. 2006)
100. Hiroshi Motomura, Immigration Poucy Ctr., Prosecutorial Discretion in Context: How Discretion Is Exercised Throughout Our Immigration System (2012)
101. Daniel Kanstroom, Surrounding the Hole in the Doughnut: Discretion and Deference in U.S. Immigration Law, 71 Tul. L. Rev. 703 (1997).
102. Portillo-Rendon v. Holder, 662 F.3d 815, 817 (7th Cir. 2011)
103. Price v. INS, 962 F.2d 836, 845 (9th Cir. 1991)
104. Schmidt v. United States, 177 F.2d 450,451 (2d Cir. 1949).
105. Rashtabadi v. I.N.S., 23 F.3d 1562, 1571 (9th Cir. 1994).
106. COMM. ON THE JUDICIARY, NATURALIZATION AMENDMENTS OF 1989, H.R. REP. NO. 101-187, at 14 (1989).