메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 367-376

CRS-peptides: Unique defense peptides of mouse Paneth cells

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA DEFENSIN; CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 15; CELL PROTEIN; CRYPTDIN RELATED SEQUENCE PEPTIDE; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88; POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; PROTEIN RIP2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84864837302     PISSN: 19330219     EISSN: 19353456     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.22     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 77951087292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gut microbiota modulates host energy and lipid metabolism in mice
    • Velagapudi, V. R. et al. The gut microbiota modulates host energy and lipid metabolism in mice. J. Lipid Res. 51, 1101-1112 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Lipid Res. , vol.51 , pp. 1101-1112
    • Velagapudi, V.R.1
  • 3
    • 79955561083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and natural history of infl ammatory bowel diseases
    • Cosnes, J., Gower-Rousseau, C., Seksik, P. & Cortot, A. Epidemiology and natural history of infl ammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology 140, 1785-1794 (2011).
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.140 , pp. 1785-1794
    • Cosnes, J.1    Gower-Rousseau, C.2    Seksik, P.3    Cortot, A.4
  • 5
    • 33646182727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organizing cell renewal in the intestine: Stem cells, signals and combinatorial control
    • Crosnier, C., Stamataki, D. & Lewis, J. Organizing cell renewal in the intestine: stem cells, signals and combinatorial control. Nat. Rev. Genet. 7, 349-359 (2006).
    • (2006) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.7 , pp. 349-359
    • Crosnier, C.1    Stamataki, D.2    Lewis, J.3
  • 6
    • 0034252293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secretion of microbicidal alpha-defensins by intestinal Paneth cells in response to bacteria
    • Ayabe, T. et al. Secretion of microbicidal alpha-defensins by intestinal Paneth cells in response to bacteria. Nat. Immunol. 1, 113-118 (2000).
    • (2000) Nat. Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. 113-118
    • Ayabe, T.1
  • 7
    • 0023881946 scopus 로고
    • Atropine inhibits the degranulation of Paneth cells in ex-germfree mice
    • Satoh, Y. Atropine inhibits the degranulation of Paneth cells in ex-germfree mice. Cell Tissue Res. 253, 397-402 (1988).
    • (1988) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.253 , pp. 397-402
    • Satoh, Y.1
  • 10
    • 70350437264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-defensins in enteric innate immunity: Functional Paneth cell alpha-defensins in mouse colonic lumen
    • Mastroianni, J. R. & Ouellette, A. J. Alpha-defensins in enteric innate immunity: functional Paneth cell alpha-defensins in mouse colonic lumen. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 27848-27856 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.284 , pp. 27848-27856
    • Mastroianni, J.R.1    Ouellette, A.J.2
  • 11
    • 0025903814 scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of defensin HNP-3, an amphiphilic dimer: Mechanisms of membrane permeabilization
    • Hill, C. P., Yee, J., Selsted, M. E. & Eisenberg, D. Crystal structure of defensin HNP-3, an amphiphilic dimer: mechanisms of membrane permeabilization. Science 251, 1481-1485 (1991). (Pubitemid 121000438)
    • (1991) Science , vol.251 , Issue.5000 , pp. 1481-1485
    • Hill, C.P.1    Yee, J.2    Selsted, M.E.3    Eisenberg, D.4
  • 12
    • 0028825285 scopus 로고
    • Solution structure of bovine neutrophil beta-defensin-12: The peptide fold of the beta-defensins is identical to that of the classical defensins
    • Zimmermann, G. R., Legault, P., Selsted, M. E. & Pardi, A. Solution structure of bovine neutrophil beta-defensin-12: the peptide fold of the beta-defensins is identical to that of the classical defensins. Biochemistry 34, 13663-13671 (1995).
    • (1995) Biochemistry , vol.34 , pp. 13663-13671
    • Zimmermann, G.R.1    Legault, P.2    Selsted, M.E.3    Pardi, A.4
  • 13
    • 0028195081 scopus 로고
    • Structure and diversity of the murine cryptdin gene family
    • DOI 10.1006/geno.1994.1093
    • Huttner, K. M., Selsted, M. E. & Ouellette, A. J. Structure and diversity of the murine cryptdin gene family. Genomics 19, 448-453 (1994). (Pubitemid 24071318)
    • (1994) Genomics , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 448-453
    • Huttner, K.M.1    Selsted, M.E.2    Ouellette, A.J.3
  • 14
    • 0026660392 scopus 로고
    • Enteric defensins: Antibiotic peptide components of intestinal host defense
    • Selsted, M. E., Miller, S. I., Henschen, A. H. & Ouellette, A. J. Enteric defensins: antibiotic peptide components of intestinal host defense. J. Cell Biol. 118, 929-936 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Cell Biol. , vol.118 , pp. 929-936
    • Selsted, M.E.1    Miller, S.I.2    Henschen, A.H.3    Ouellette, A.J.4
  • 16
    • 78650879096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paneth cell alpha-defensins in C57BL/6 mice: Charaterization of strain-specific peptide and gene polymorphisms and vestigal myeloid alpha-defensin pseudogenes
    • Shanahan, M. T., Tanabe, H. & Ouellette, A. J. Paneth cell alpha-defensins in C57BL/6 mice: charaterization of strain-specific peptide and gene polymorphisms and vestigal myeloid alpha-defensin pseudogenes. Infect. Immun. 79, 459-473 (2010).
    • (2010) Infect. Immun. , vol.79 , pp. 459-473
    • Shanahan, M.T.1    Tanabe, H.2    Ouellette, A.J.3
  • 17
    • 0025281425 scopus 로고
    • A novel mouse gene family coding for cationic, cysteine-rich peptides-regulation in small-intestine and cells of myeloid origin
    • Ouellette, A. J. & Lualdi, J. C. A novel mouse gene family coding for cationic, cysteine-rich peptides-regulation in small-intestine and cells of myeloid origin. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 9831-9837 (1990).
    • (1990) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.265 , pp. 9831-9837
    • Ouellette, A.J.1    Lualdi, J.C.2
  • 18
    • 4444246183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased diversity of intestinal antimicrobial peptides by covalent dimer formation
    • DOI 10.1038/ni1094
    • Hornef, M. W., Pütsep, K., Karlsson, J., Refai, E. & Andersson, M. Increased diversity of intestinal antimicrobial peptides by covalent dimer formation. Nat. Immunol. 5, 836-843 (2004). (Pubitemid 39172977)
    • (2004) Nature Immunology , vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp. 836-843
    • Hornef, M.W.1    Putsep, K.2    Karlsson, J.3    Refai, E.4    Andersson, M.5
  • 19
    • 74549164145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manual annotation and analysis of the defensin gene cluster in the C57BL/6J mouse reference genome
    • Amid, C. et al. Manual annotation and analysis of the defensin gene cluster in the C57BL/6J mouse reference genome. BMC Genomics 10, 606 (2009).
    • (2009) BMC Genomics , vol.10 , pp. 606
    • Amid, C.1
  • 20
    • 48549094363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional variations in Paneth cell antimicrobial peptide expression along the mouse intestinal tract
    • Karlsson, J. et al. Regional variations in Paneth cell antimicrobial peptide expression along the mouse intestinal tract. BMC Immunol. 9, 37 (2008).
    • (2008) BMC Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 37
    • Karlsson, J.1
  • 21
    • 0028130174 scopus 로고
    • A family of defensin-like genes codes for diverse cysteine-rich peptides in mouse Paneth cells
    • DOI 10.1006/geno.1994.1586
    • Huttner, K. M. & Ouellette, A. J. A family of defensin-like genes codes for diverse cysteine-rich peptides in mouse Paneth cells. Genomics 24, 99-109 (1994). (Pubitemid 24368752)
    • (1994) Genomics , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-109
    • Huttner, K.M.1    Ouellette, A.J.2
  • 22
    • 0024711951 scopus 로고
    • Localization of the cryptdin locus on mouse chromosome 8
    • Ouellette, A. J., Pravtcheva, D., Ruddle, F. H. & James, M. Localization of the cryptdin locus on mouse chromosome 8. Genomics 5, 233-239 (1989).
    • (1989) Genomics , vol.5 , pp. 233-239
    • Ouellette, A.J.1    Pravtcheva, D.2    Ruddle, F.H.3    James, M.4
  • 23
    • 47949093301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution mapping of the 8p23.1 beta-defensin cluster reveals strictly concordant copy number variation of all genes
    • Groth, M. et al. High-resolution mapping of the 8p23.1 beta-defensin cluster reveals strictly concordant copy number variation of all genes. Hum. Mutat. 29, 1247-1254 (2008).
    • (2008) Hum. Mutat. , vol.29 , pp. 1247-1254
    • Groth, M.1
  • 24
    • 63449117467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segmental copy number variation shapes tissue transcriptomes
    • Henrichsen, C. N. et al. Segmental copy number variation shapes tissue transcriptomes. Nat. Genet. 41, 424-429 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Genet. , vol.41 , pp. 424-429
    • Henrichsen, C.N.1
  • 25
    • 78049412267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of human copy number variation and multicopy genes
    • Sudmant, P. H. et al. Diversity of human copy number variation and multicopy genes. Science 330, 641-646 (2010).
    • (2010) Science , vol.330 , pp. 641-646
    • Sudmant, P.H.1
  • 26
    • 0037357556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal sequence conservation and mature peptide divergence within subgroups of the murine β-defensin gene family
    • DOI 10.1093/molbev/msg060
    • Morrison, G. M., Semple, C. A., Kilanowski, F. M., Hill, R. E. & Dorin, J. R. Signal sequence conservation and mature peptide divergence within subgroups of the murine beta-defensin gene family. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20, 460-470 (2003). (Pubitemid 36427181)
    • (2003) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 460-470
    • Morrison, G.M.1    Semple, C.A.M.2    Kilanowski, F.M.3    Hill, R.E.4    Dorin, J.R.5
  • 27
    • 21644490117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complexity of selection at the major primate betadefensin locus
    • Semple, C. A. et al. The complexity of selection at the major primate betadefensin locus. BMC Evol. Biol. 5, 32-46 (2005).
    • (2005) BMC Evol. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 32-46
    • Semple, C.A.1
  • 28
    • 43149115581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directional and balancing selection in human beta-defensins
    • Hollox, E. J. & Armour, J. A. Directional and balancing selection in human beta-defensins. BMC Evol. Biol. 8, 113-127 (2008).
    • (2008) BMC Evol. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 113-127
    • Hollox, E.J.1    Armour, J.A.2
  • 33
    • 0030778218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial protection of the mouse testis: Synthesis of defensins of the cryptdin family
    • DOI 10.1095/biolreprod57.5.1115
    • Grandjean, V., Vincent, S., Martin, L., Rassoulzadegan, M. & Cuzin, F. Antimicrobial protection of the mouse testis: synthesis of defensins of the cryptdin family. Biol. Reprod. 57, 1115-1122 (1997). (Pubitemid 27461205)
    • (1997) Biology of Reproduction , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 1115-1122
    • Grandjean, V.1    Vincent, S.2    Martin, L.3    Rassoulzadegan, M.4    Cuzin, F.5
  • 36
    • 33748861096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paneth cell antimicrobial peptides: Topographical distribution and quantification in human gastrointestinal tissues
    • DOI 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.08.083, PII S0014579306010751
    • Wehkamp, J. et al. Paneth cell antimicrobial peptides: topographical distribution and quantification in human gastrointestinal tissues. FEBS Lett. 580, 5344-5350 (2006). (Pubitemid 44419568)
    • (2006) FEBS Letters , vol.580 , Issue.22 , pp. 5344-5350
    • Wehkamp, J.1    Chu, H.2    Shen, B.3    Feathers, R.W.4    Kays, R.J.5    Lee, S.K.6    Bevins, C.L.7
  • 39
    • 20244364236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intestinal crypts
    • van Es, J. H. et al. Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intestinal crypts. Nat. Cell Biol. 7, 381-386 (2005).
    • (2005) Nat. Cell Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 381-386
    • Van Es, J.H.1
  • 42
    • 37349070287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Paneth cell alpha-defensin deficiency of ileal Crohn's disease is linked to Wnt/Tcf-4
    • Wehkamp, J. et al. The Paneth cell alpha-defensin deficiency of ileal Crohn's disease is linked to Wnt/Tcf-4. J. Immunol. 179, 3109-3118 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Immunol. , vol.179 , pp. 3109-3118
    • Wehkamp, J.1
  • 46
    • 0023803593 scopus 로고
    • Effect of live and heat-killed bacteria on the secretory activity of Paneth cells in germ-free mice
    • Satoh, Y. Effect of live and heat-killed bacteria on the secretory activity of Paneth cells in germ-free mice. Cell Tissue Res. 251, 87-93 (1988).
    • (1988) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.251 , pp. 87-93
    • Satoh, Y.1
  • 47
    • 33748039462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symbiotic bacteria direct expression of an intestinal bactericidal lectin
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1127119
    • Cash, H. L., Whitham, C. V., Behrendt, C. L. & Hooper, L. V. Symbiotic bacteria direct expression of an intestinal bactericidal lectin. Science 313, 1126-1130 (2006). (Pubitemid 44300239)
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , Issue.5790 , pp. 1126-1130
    • Cash, H.L.1    Whitham, C.V.2    Behrendt, C.L.3    Hooper, L.V.4
  • 49
    • 0034721784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of luminal paneth cell alpha-defensins in mouse small intestine. Attenuated antimicrobial activities of peptides with truncated amino termini
    • Ouellette, A. J., Satchell, D. P., Hsieh, M. M., Hagen, S. J. & Selsted, M. E. Characterization of luminal paneth cell alpha-defensins in mouse small intestine. Attenuated antimicrobial activities of peptides with truncated amino termini. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 33969-33973 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.275 , pp. 33969-33973
    • Ouellette, A.J.1    Satchell, D.P.2    Hsieh, M.M.3    Hagen, S.J.4    Selsted, M.E.5
  • 50
    • 78751653584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of disulphide bonds unmasks potent antimicrobial activity of human beta-defensin 1
    • Schroeder, B. O. et al. Reduction of disulphide bonds unmasks potent antimicrobial activity of human beta-defensin 1. Nature 469, 419-423 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.469 , pp. 419-423
    • Schroeder, B.O.1
  • 51
    • 6344267060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian thioredoxin reductase alters cytolytic activity of an antibacterial peptide
    • DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.06.012, PII S0196978104002785
    • Bjorkhem-Bergman, L., Jonsson-Videsater, K., Paul, C., Bjornstedt, M. & Andersson, M. Mammalian thioredoxin reductase alters cytolytic activity of an antibacterial peptide. Peptides 25, 1849-1855 (2004). (Pubitemid 39389178)
    • (2004) Peptides , vol.25 , Issue.11 , pp. 1849-1855
    • Bjorkhem-Bergman, L.1    Jonsson-Videsater, K.2    Paul, C.3    Bjornstedt, M.4    Andersson, M.5
  • 52
    • 0029876379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NK-lysin, a disulfidecontaining effector peptide of T-lymphocytes, is reduced and inactivated by human thioredoxin reductase. Implication for a protective mechanism against NK-lysin cytotoxicity
    • Andersson, M., Holmgren, A. & Spyrou, G. NK-lysin, a disulfidecontaining effector peptide of T-lymphocytes, is reduced and inactivated by human thioredoxin reductase. Implication for a protective mechanism against NK-lysin cytotoxicity. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 10116-10120 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 10116-10120
    • Andersson, M.1    Holmgren, A.2    Spyrou, G.3
  • 53
    • 0029061894 scopus 로고
    • NK-lysin, a novel effector peptide of cytotoxic T and NK cells. Structure and cDNA cloning of the porcine form, induction by interleukin 2, antibacterial and antitumour activity
    • Andersson, M. et al. NK-lysin, a novel effector peptide of cytotoxic T and NK cells. Structure and cDNA cloning of the porcine form, induction by interleukin 2, antibacterial and antitumour activity. EMBO J. 14, 1615-1625 (1995).
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 1615-1625
    • Andersson, M.1
  • 54
    • 77957157893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut infl ammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for Salmonella
    • Winter, S. E. et al. Gut infl ammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for Salmonella. Nature 467, 426-429 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.467 , pp. 426-429
    • Winter, S.E.1
  • 55
    • 58549111588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paneth cells directly sense gut commensals and maintain homeostasis at the intestinal host-microbial interface
    • Vaishnava, S., Behrendt, C. L., Ismail, A. S., Eckmann, L. & Hooper, L. V. Paneth cells directly sense gut commensals and maintain homeostasis at the intestinal host-microbial interface. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 20858-20863 (2008).
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , pp. 20858-20863
    • Vaishnava, S.1    Behrendt, C.L.2    Ismail, A.S.3    Eckmann, L.4    Hooper, L.V.5
  • 56
    • 77957047689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction and rescue of Nod2-dependent Th1-driven granulomatous infl ammation of the ileum
    • Biswas, A. et al. Induction and rescue of Nod2-dependent Th1-driven granulomatous infl ammation of the ileum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 14739-14744 (2010).
    • (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.107 , pp. 14739-14744
    • Biswas, A.1
  • 58
    • 80052580369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nod2 is essential for temporal development of intestinal microbial communities
    • Rehman, A. et al. Nod2 is essential for temporal development of intestinal microbial communities. Gut 60, 1354-1362 (2011).
    • (2011) Gut , vol.60 , pp. 1354-1362
    • Rehman, A.1
  • 60
    • 85066352834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postnatal acquisition of endotoxin tolerance in intestinal epithelial cells
    • Lotz, M. et al. Postnatal acquisition of endotoxin tolerance in intestinal epithelial cells. J. Exp. Med. 203, 973-984 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Exp. Med. , vol.203 , pp. 973-984
    • Lotz, M.1
  • 61
    • 77951224862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated expression of Paneth cell CRS4C in ileitisprone SAMP1/YitFc mice: Regional distribution, subcellular localization, and mechanism of action
    • Shanahan, M. T. et al. Elevated expression of Paneth cell CRS4C in ileitisprone SAMP1/YitFc mice: regional distribution, subcellular localization, and mechanism of action. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 7493-7504 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.285 , pp. 7493-7504
    • Shanahan, M.T.1
  • 63
    • 0037417311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection against enteric salmonellosis in transgenic mice expressing a human intestinal defensin
    • DOI 10.1038/nature01520
    • Salzman, N. H., Ghosh, D., Huttner, K. M., Paterson, Y. & Bevins, C. L. Protection against enteric salmonellosis in transgenic mice expressing a human intestinal defensin. Nature 422, 522-526 (2003). (Pubitemid 36433647)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , Issue.6931 , pp. 522-526
    • Salzman, N.H.1    Ghosh, D.2    Huttner, K.M.3    Paterson, Y.4    Bevins, C.L.5
  • 65
    • 77957834845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KCNN4 gene variant is associated with ileal Crohn's Disease in the Australian and New Zealand population
    • Simms, L. A. et al. KCNN4 gene variant is associated with ileal Crohn's Disease in the Australian and New Zealand population. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105, 2209-2217 (2010).
    • (2010) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.105 , pp. 2209-2217
    • Simms, L.A.1
  • 66
    • 56249135538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A key role for autophagy and the autophagy gene Atg16l1 in mouse and human intestinal Paneth cells
    • Cadwell, K. et al. A key role for autophagy and the autophagy gene Atg16l1 in mouse and human intestinal Paneth cells. Nature 456, 259-263 (2008).
    • (2008) Nature , vol.456 , pp. 259-263
    • Cadwell, K.1
  • 68
    • 34249313567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paneth cells, defensins, and the commensal microbiota: A hypothesis on intimate interplay at the intestinal mucosa
    • DOI 10.1016/j.smim.2007.04.002, PII S1044532307000322, The armed truce between the intestinal microflora and host mucosal immunity
    • Salzman, N. H., Underwood, M. A. & Bevins, C. L. Paneth cells, defensins, and the commensal microbiota: a hypothesis on intimate interplay at the intestinal mucosa. Semin. Immunol. 19, 70-83 (2007). (Pubitemid 46824070)
    • (2007) Seminars in Immunology , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 70-83
    • Salzman, N.H.1    Underwood, M.A.2    Bevins, C.L.3
  • 70
    • 74049122536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteric defensins are essential regulators of intestinal microbial ecology
    • Salzman, N. H. et al. Enteric defensins are essential regulators of intestinal microbial ecology. Nat. Immunol. 11, 76-83 (2010).
    • (2010) Nat. Immunol. , vol.11 , pp. 76-83
    • Salzman, N.H.1
  • 72
    • 66249129571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twin studies reveal specific imbalances in the mucosaassociated microbiota of patients with ileal Crohn's disease
    • Willing, B. et al. Twin studies reveal specific imbalances in the mucosaassociated microbiota of patients with ileal Crohn's disease. Infl amm. Bowel Dis. 15, 653-660 (2009).
    • (2009) Infl Amm. Bowel Dis. , vol.15 , pp. 653-660
    • Willing, B.1
  • 73
    • 14644435363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolution and diversification of mammalian alpha-defensins as revealed by comparative analysis of rodent and primate genes
    • Patil, A., Hughes, A. L. & Zhang, G. Rapid evolution and diversification of mammalian alpha-defensins as revealed by comparative analysis of rodent and primate genes. Physiol. Genomics 20, 1-11 (2004).
    • (2004) Physiol. Genomics , vol.20 , pp. 1-11
    • Patil, A.1    Hughes, A.L.2    Zhang, G.3
  • 74
    • 77649138063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site and strain-specific variation in gut microbiota profiles and metabolism in experimental mice
    • Friswell, M. K. et al. Site and strain-specific variation in gut microbiota profiles and metabolism in experimental mice. PLoS ONE 5, e8584 (2010).
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5
    • Friswell, M.K.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.