메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 42, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 1185-1203

Natural disturbance emulation in boreal forest ecosystem management - Theories, strategies, and a comparison with conventional even-aged management

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; ANALYTICAL RESEARCH; BOREAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; BOREAL FORESTS; CHANGING CLIMATE; DISTURBANCE FACTORS; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE; EURASIA; EVEN-AGED MANAGEMENT; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; FOREST STRUCTURE; GENERAL APPROACH; INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS; KNOWLEDGE BASE; MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; SOCIAL IMPLICATION; SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT; TIMBER SUPPLY;

EID: 84864810810     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: 12086037     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/X2012-064     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (99)

References (118)
  • 1
    • 0031728807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal patterns of age-class distributions on foothills landscapes in Alberta
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1998.tb00446.x
    • Andison, D.W. 1998. Temporal patterns of age-class distributions on foothills landscapes in Alberta. Ecography, 21(5): 543-550. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1998.tb00446.x.
    • (1998) Ecography , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 543-550
    • Andison, D.W.1
  • 2
    • 0031741215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintaining and restoring biodiversity in European boreal forests by developing natural disturbance regimes
    • doi:10.2307/3237275
    • Angelstam, P.K. 1998. Maintaining and restoring biodiversity in European boreal forests by developing natural disturbance regimes. J. Veg. Sci. 9(4): 593-602. doi:10.2307/3237275.
    • (1998) J. Veg. Sci , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 593-602
    • Angelstam, P.K.1
  • 3
    • 0033133816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timber supply implications of natural disturbance management
    • Armstrong, G.W., Cumming, S.G., and Adamowicz, W.L. 1999. Timber supply implications of natural disturbance management. For. Chron. 75(3): 497-504.
    • (1999) For. Chron , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 497-504
    • Armstrong, G.W.1    Cumming, S.G.2    Adamowicz, W.L.3
  • 5
    • 0028572834 scopus 로고
    • The disturbance of forest ecosystems - the ecological basis for conservative management
    • doi:10.1016/0378-1127(94)90114-7
    • Attiwill, P.M. 1994. The disturbance of forest ecosystems - the ecological basis for conservative management. For. Ecol. Manage. 63(2-3): 247-300. doi:10.1016/0378-1127(94)90114-7.
    • (1994) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.63 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 247-300
    • Attiwill, P.M.1
  • 6
    • 35548980931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using spatially explicit simulations to explore size distribution and spacing of regenerating areas produced by wildfires: Recommendations for designing harvest agglomerations for the Canadian boreal forest
    • Belleau, A., Bergeron, Y., Leduc, A., Gauthier, S., and Fall, A. 2007. Using spatially explicit simulations to explore size distribution and spacing of regenerating areas produced by wildfires: recommendations for designing harvest agglomerations for the Canadian boreal forest. For. Chron. 83(1): 72-83.
    • (2007) For. Chron , vol.83 , Issue.1 , pp. 72-83
    • Belleau, A.1    Bergeron, Y.2    Leduc, A.3    Gauthier, S.4    Fall, A.5
  • 8
    • 0026308137 scopus 로고
    • The influence of island and mainland lakeshore landscapes on boreal forest fire regimes
    • doi:10.2307/1941553
    • Bergeron, Y. 1991. The influence of island and mainland lakeshore landscapes on boreal forest fire regimes. Ecology, 72(6): 1980-1992. doi:10.2307/1941553.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , Issue.6 , pp. 1980-1992
    • Bergeron, Y.1
  • 9
    • 0030613282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basing silviculture on natural ecosystem dynamics: An approach applied to the southern boreal mixedwood forest of Quebec
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03924-2
    • Bergeron, Y., and Harvey, B. 1997. Basing silviculture on natural ecosystem dynamics: an approach applied to the southern boreal mixedwood forest of Quebec. For. Ecol. Manage. 92(1-3): 235-242. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03924-2.
    • (1997) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.92 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 235-242
    • Bergeron, Y.1    Harvey, B.2
  • 10
    • 0031741727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between change in fire frequency and mortality due to spruce budworm outbreak in the southeastern Canadian boreal forest
    • doi:10.2307/3237264
    • Bergeron, Y., and Leduc, A. 1998. Relationships between change in fire frequency and mortality due to spruce budworm outbreak in the southeastern Canadian boreal forest. J. Veg. Sci. 9(4): 492-500. doi:10.2307/3237264.
    • (1998) J. Veg. Sci , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 492-500
    • Bergeron, Y.1    Leduc, A.2
  • 11
    • 0032897789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest management guidelines based on natural disturbance dynamics: Stand- and forest-level considerations
    • Bergeron, Y., Harvey, B., Leduc, A., and Gauthier, S. 1999. Forest management guidelines based on natural disturbance dynamics: stand- and forest-level considerations. For. Chron. 75(1): 49-54.
    • (1999) For. Chron , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-54
    • Bergeron, Y.1    Harvey, B.2    Leduc, A.3    Gauthier, S.4
  • 12
    • 0036091786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural fire regime: A guide for sustainable management of the Canadian boreal forest
    • Bergeron, Y., Leduc, A., Harvey, B.D., and Gauthier, S. 2002. Natural fire regime: a guide for sustainable management of the Canadian boreal forest. Silva Fenn. 36(1): 81-95.
    • (2002) Silva Fenn , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-95
    • Bergeron, Y.1    Leduc, A.2    Harvey, B.D.3    Gauthier, S.4
  • 13
    • 4344578263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Past, current and future fire frequency in the Canadian boreal forest: Implications for sustainable forest management
    • PMID:15387074
    • Bergeron, Y., Flannigan, M., Gauthier, S., Leduc, A., and Lefort, P. 2004. Past, current and future fire frequency in the Canadian boreal forest: implications for sustainable forest management. Ambio, 33(6): 356-360. PMID:15387074.
    • (2004) Ambio , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 356-360
    • Bergeron, Y.1    Flannigan, M.2    Gauthier, S.3    Leduc, A.4    Lefort, P.5
  • 14
    • 35548981658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using knowledge of natural disturbances to support sustainable forest management in the northern Clay Belt
    • Bergeron, Y., Drapeau, P., Gauthier, S., and Lecomte, N. 2007. Using knowledge of natural disturbances to support sustainable forest management in the northern Clay Belt. For. Chron. 83(3): 326-337.
    • (2007) For. Chron , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 326-337
    • Bergeron, Y.1    Drapeau, P.2    Gauthier, S.3    Lecomte, N.4
  • 15
    • 11144272631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and stand renewal patterns following the last spruce budworm outbreak in mixed forests of western Quebec
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.017
    • Bouchard, M., Kneeshaw, D., and Bergeron, Y. 2005. Mortality and stand renewal patterns following the last spruce budworm outbreak in mixed forests of western Quebec. For. Ecol. Manage. 204(2-3): 297-313. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.017.
    • (2005) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.204 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 297-313
    • Bouchard, M.1    Kneeshaw, D.2    Bergeron, Y.3
  • 16
    • 33645512547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest dynamics after successive spruce budworm outbreaks in mixedwood forests
    • doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2319:FDASSB]2.0.CO;2. PMID:16995632
    • Bouchard, M., Kneeshaw, D., and Bergeron, Y. 2006. Forest dynamics after successive spruce budworm outbreaks in mixedwood forests. Ecology, 87(9): 2319-2329. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2319:FDASSB]2.0.CO;2. PMID:16995632.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , Issue.9 , pp. 2319-2329
    • Bouchard, M.1    Kneeshaw, D.2    Bergeron, Y.3
  • 17
    • 54349090825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem management based on large-scale disturbance pulses: A case study from sub-boreal forests of western Quebec (Canada)
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.044
    • Bouchard, M., Kneeshaw, D., and Bergeron, Y. 2008. Ecosystem management based on large-scale disturbance pulses: a case study from sub-boreal forests of western Quebec (Canada). For. Ecol. Manage. 256(10): 1734-1742. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.044.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.256 , Issue.10 , pp. 1734-1742
    • Bouchard, M.1    Kneeshaw, D.2    Bergeron, Y.3
  • 18
    • 84879914761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring current status of and trends in boreal forest land use in Russian Karelia
    • article 8
    • Burnett, C., Fall, A., Tomppo, E., and Kalliola, R. 2003. Monitoring current status of and trends in boreal forest land use in Russian Karelia. Conserv. Ecol. 7(2): article 8.
    • (2003) Conserv. Ecol , vol.7 , Issue.2
    • Burnett, C.1    Fall, A.2    Tomppo, E.3    Kalliola, R.4
  • 20
    • 33746119910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable management of Canada's boreal forests: Progress and prospects
    • doi:10.2980/i1195-6860-13-2-234.1
    • Burton, P.J., Messier, C., Adamowicz, W.L., and Kuuluvainen, T. 2006. Sustainable management of Canada's boreal forests: progress and prospects. Ecoscience, 13(2): 234-248. doi:10.2980/i1195-6860-13-2-234.1.
    • (2006) Ecoscience , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 234-248
    • Burton, P.J.1    Messier, C.2    Adamowicz, W.L.3    Kuuluvainen, T.4
  • 21
    • 38149025420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approximating natural landscape pattern using aggregated harvest
    • doi:10.1139/X07-059
    • Carlson, M., and Kurz, W.A. 2007. Approximating natural landscape pattern using aggregated harvest. Can. J. For. Res. 37(10): 1846-1853. doi:10.1139/X07-059.
    • (2007) Can. J. For. Res , vol.37 , Issue.10 , pp. 1846-1853
    • Carlson, M.1    Kurz, W.A.2
  • 23
    • 0024922886 scopus 로고
    • Ecological disturbance as a renewal process: Theory and application to fire history
    • doi:10.2307/3566083
    • Clark, J.S. 1989. Ecological disturbance as a renewal process: theory and application to fire history. Oikos, 56(1): 17-30. doi:10.2307/3566083.
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-30
    • Clark, J.S.1
  • 24
    • 0022187031 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of the boreal forests of the Laurentian Highlands, Canada
    • doi:10.1139/x85-043
    • Cogbill, C.V. 1985. Dynamics of the boreal forests of the Laurentian Highlands, Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 15(1): 252-261. doi:10.1139/x85-043.
    • (1985) Can. J. For. Res , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 252-261
    • Cogbill, C.V.1
  • 25
    • 0017806329 scopus 로고
    • Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs
    • doi:10.1126/science.199.4335.1302. PMID:17840770
    • Connell, J.H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science, 199(4335): 1302-1310. doi:10.1126/science.199.4335.1302. PMID:17840770.
    • (1978) Science , vol.199 , Issue.4335 , pp. 1302-1310
    • Connell, J.H.1
  • 26
    • 72649104492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing different forest zoning options for landscape-scale management of the boreal forest: Possible benefits of TRIAD
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.038
    • Côté, P., Tittler, R., Messier, C., Kneeshaw, D.D., Fall, A., and Fortin, M.-J. 2010. Comparing different forest zoning options for landscape-scale management of the boreal forest: possible benefits of TRIAD. For. Ecol. Manage. 259(3): 418-427. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.038.
    • (2010) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.259 , Issue.3 , pp. 418-427
    • Côté, P.1    Tittler, R.2    Messier, C.3    Kneeshaw, D.D.4    Fall, A.5    Fortin, M.-J.6
  • 27
    • 64849106186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest management is driving the eastern North American boreal forest outside its natural range of variability
    • doi:10.1890/080088
    • Cyr, D., Gauthier, S., Bergeron, Y., and Carcaillet, C. 2009. Forest management is driving the eastern North American boreal forest outside its natural range of variability. Front. Ecol. Environ. 7(10): 519-524. doi:10.1890/080088.
    • (2009) Front. Ecol. Environ , vol.7 , Issue.10 , pp. 519-524
    • Cyr, D.1    Gauthier, S.2    Bergeron, Y.3    Carcaillet, C.4
  • 28
    • 0027427038 scopus 로고
    • Fire history in the southern boreal forest of northwestern Quebec
    • doi:10.1139/x93-005
    • Dansereau, P., and Bergeron, Y. 1993. Fire history in the southern boreal forest of northwestern Quebec. Can. J. For. Res. 23(1): 25-32. doi:10.1139/x93-005.
    • (1993) Can. J. For. Res , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-32
    • Dansereau, P.1    Bergeron, Y.2
  • 29
    • 0030301212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing the pattern of forest harvest: Lessons from wildfire
    • Delong, S.C., and Tanner, D. 1996. Managing the pattern of forest harvest: lessons from wildfire. Biodivers. Conserv. 5(10): 1191-1205.
    • (1996) Biodivers. Conserv , vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp. 1191-1205
    • Delong, S.C.1    Tanner, D.2
  • 30
    • 45849083449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studia Forestalia Slovenica, No. 126. Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
    • Diaci, J. (Editor). 2006. Nature-based forestry in central Europe: alternatives to industrial forestry and strict preservation. Studia Forestalia Slovenica, No. 126. Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
    • (2006) Nature-based Forestry In Central Europe: Alternatives to Industrial Forestry and Strict Preservation
    • Diaci, J.1
  • 31
    • 33845619523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can forest management based on natural disturbances maintain ecological resilience?
    • doi:10.1139/x06-132
    • Drever, C.R., Peterson, G., Messier, C., Bergeron, Y., and Flannigan, M. 2006. Can forest management based on natural disturbances maintain ecological resilience? Can. J. For. Res. 36(9): 2285-2299. doi:10.1139/x06-132.
    • (2006) Can. J. For. Res , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 2285-2299
    • Drever, C.R.1    Peterson, G.2    Messier, C.3    Bergeron, Y.4    Flannigan, M.5
  • 33
    • 63049130877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conservation perspective on emulating natural disturbance in the management of boreal forests in Ontario
    • Edited by A.H. Perera, L. J. Buse, and M.G. Weber. Columbia University Press, N.Y
    • Euler, D.L., Henschel, C., and Clark, T. 2004. A conservation perspective on emulating natural disturbance in the management of boreal forests in Ontario. In Emulating natural forest landscape disturbances: concepts and applications. Edited by A.H. Perera, L. J. Buse, and M.G. Weber. Columbia University Press, N.Y. pp. 191-199.
    • (2004) Emulating Natural Forest Landscape Disturbances: Concepts and Applications , pp. 191-199
    • Euler, D.L.1    Henschel, C.2    Clark, T.3
  • 35
    • 0027437103 scopus 로고
    • Preserving biodiversity: Species, ecosystems, or landscapes
    • doi:10.2307/1941820
    • Franklin, J.F. 1993. Preserving biodiversity: species, ecosystems, or landscapes. Ecol. Appl. 3(2): 202-205. doi:10.2307/1941820.
    • (1993) Ecol. Appl , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 202-205
    • Franklin, J.F.1
  • 37
    • 4344662254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicentury reconstruction of the Canadian Drought Code from eastern Canada and its relationship with paleoclimatic indices of atmospheric circulation
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-004-0417-x
    • Girardin, M.P., Tardif, J., Flannigan, M.D., and Bergeron, Y. 2004. Multicentury reconstruction of the Canadian Drought Code from eastern Canada and its relationship with paleoclimatic indices of atmospheric circulation. Clim. Dyn. 23(2): 99-115. doi:10.1007/s00382-004-0417-x.
    • (2004) Clim. Dyn , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-115
    • Girardin, M.P.1    Tardif, J.2    Flannigan, M.D.3    Bergeron, Y.4
  • 38
    • 22144453611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire frequency for the transitional mixedwood forest of Temiskaming, Quebec, Canada
    • doi:10.1139/x05-005
    • Grenier, D.J., Bergeron, Y., Kneeshaw, D., and Gauthier, S. 2005. Fire frequency for the transitional mixedwood forest of Temiskaming, Quebec, Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 35(3): 656-666. doi:10.1139/x05-005.
    • (2005) Can. J. For. Res , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 656-666
    • Grenier, D.J.1    Bergeron, Y.2    Kneeshaw, D.3    Gauthier, S.4
  • 40
    • 26944431932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining natural scales of ecological systems
    • doi:10.1890/04-1415
    • Habeeb, R.L., Trebilco, J., Wotherspoon, T., and Johnson, C.R. 2005. Determining natural scales of ecological systems. Ecol. Monogr. 75(4): 467-487. doi:10.1890/04-1415.
    • (2005) Ecol. Monogr , vol.75 , Issue.4 , pp. 467-487
    • Habeeb, R.L.1    Trebilco, J.2    Wotherspoon, T.3    Johnson, C.R.4
  • 41
    • 33846141042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest floor microbial communities in relation to stand composition and timber harvesting in northern Alberta
    • doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.03.015
    • Hannam, K.D., Quideau, S.A., and Kishchuk, B.E. 2006. Forest floor microbial communities in relation to stand composition and timber harvesting in northern Alberta. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38(9): 2565-2575. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.03.015.
    • (2006) Soil Biol. Biochem , vol.38 , Issue.9 , pp. 2565-2575
    • Hannam, K.D.1    Quideau, S.A.2    Kishchuk, B.E.3
  • 42
    • 0004291823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K
    • Hanski, I. 1999. Metapopulation ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.
    • (1999) Metapopulation Ecology
    • Hanski, I.1
  • 43
    • 27744523555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standlevel response of breeding forest songbirds to multiple levels of partial-cut harvest in four boreal forest types
    • doi:10.1139/x05-076
    • Harrison, R.B., Schmiegelow, F.K.A., and Naidoo, R. 2005. Standlevel response of breeding forest songbirds to multiple levels of partial-cut harvest in four boreal forest types. Can. J. For. Res. 35 (7): 1553-1567. doi:10.1139/x05-076.
    • (2005) Can. J. For. Res , vol.35 , Issue.7 , pp. 1553-1567
    • Harrison, R.B.1    Schmiegelow, F.K.A.2    Naidoo, R.3
  • 44
    • 0036156459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standlandscape integration in natural disturbance-based management of the southern boreal forest
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00573-4
    • Harvey, B.D., Leduc, A., Gauthier, S., and Bergeron, Y. 2002. Standlandscape integration in natural disturbance-based management of the southern boreal forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 155(1-3): 369-385. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00573-4.
    • (2002) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.155 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 369-385
    • Harvey, B.D.1    Leduc, A.2    Gauthier, S.3    Bergeron, Y.4
  • 45
    • 33746173255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementing sustainable forest management: Some case studies
    • Edited by P.J. Burton, C. Messier, D.W. Smith, and W.L. Adamowicz. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ont
    • Hebert, D., Harvey, B., Wasel, S., Dzus, E.H., Donnelly, M., Robert, J., and Chambers, F.H. 2003. Implementing sustainable forest management: some case studies. In Towards sustainable management of the boreal forest. Edited by P.J. Burton, C. Messier, D.W. Smith, and W.L. Adamowicz. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ont. pp. 893-953.
    • (2003) Towards Sustainable Management of the Boreal Forest , pp. 893-953
    • Hebert, D.1    Harvey, B.2    Wasel, S.3    Dzus, E.H.4    Donnelly, M.5    Robert, J.6    Chambers, F.H.7
  • 47
    • 0000640997 scopus 로고
    • Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota
    • doi:10.1016/0033-5894(73)90003-3
    • Heinselman, M.L. 1973. Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quat. Res. 3(3): 329-382. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(73)90003-3.
    • (1973) Quat. Res , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-382
    • Heinselman, M.L.1
  • 48
    • 2342517434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of landscape structure on patterns of forest fires in boreal forest landscapes in Sweden
    • doi:10.1139/x03-175
    • Hellberg, E., Niklasson, M., and Granström, A. 2004. Influence of landscape structure on patterns of forest fires in boreal forest landscapes in Sweden. Can. J. For. Res. 34(2): 332-338. doi:10.1139/x03-175.
    • (2004) Can. J. For. Res , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 332-338
    • Hellberg, E.1    Niklasson, M.2    Granström, A.3
  • 49
    • 0036811308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use by bats of patches of residual trees in logged areas of the Boreal forest
    • doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2002)148[0282:UBBOPO]2.0.CO;2
    • Hogberg, L.K., Patriquin, K.J., and Barclay, R.M.R. 2002. Use by bats of patches of residual trees in logged areas of the Boreal forest. Am. Midl. Nat. 148(2): 282-288. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2002)148[0282:UBBOPO]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.148 , Issue.2 , pp. 282-288
    • Hogberg, L.K.1    Patriquin, K.J.2    Barclay, R.M.R.3
  • 50
    • 33947237013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two cultures of ecology
    • Holling, C.S. 1998. Two cultures of ecology. Conserv. Ecol. 2(2): 4.
    • (1998) Conserv. Ecol , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 4
    • Holling, C.S.1
  • 51
    • 0034842250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the complexity of ecological, ecological, and social systems
    • doi:10.1007/s10021-001-0101-5
    • Holling, C.S. 2001. Understanding the complexity of ecological, ecological, and social systems. Ecosystems (N.Y.), 4(5): 390-405. doi:10.1007/s10021-001-0101-5.
    • (2001) Ecosystems (N.Y.) , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 390-405
    • Holling, C.S.1
  • 52
    • 0027458229 scopus 로고
    • Natural fire regimes as spatial models for managing boreal forests
    • doi:10.1016/0006-3207(93)90440-C
    • Hunter, M.L., Jr. 1993. Natural fire regimes as spatial models for managing boreal forests. Biol. Conserv. 65(2): 115-120. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(93)90440-C.
    • (1993) Biol. Conserv , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-120
    • Hunter Jr., M.L.1
  • 53
    • 84989419384 scopus 로고
    • Paleoecology and the coarse filter approach in maintaining biological diversity
    • doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1988.tb00202.x
    • Hunter, M.L., Jr., Jacobson, G.L., and Webb, T. 1988. Paleoecology and the coarse filter approach in maintaining biological diversity. Conserv. Biol. 2(4): 375-385. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1988.tb00202.x.
    • (1988) Conserv. Biol , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 375-385
    • Hunter Jr., M.L.1    Jacobson, G.L.2    Webb, T.3
  • 54
    • 77950866213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical development of nature-based forestry in Central Europe
    • Edited by J. Diaci. Studia Forestalia Slovenica, No. 126. Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
    • Johann, E. 2006. Historical development of nature-based forestry in Central Europe. In Nature-based forestry in central Europe. Alternatives to industrial forestry and strict preservation. Edited by J. Diaci. Studia Forestalia Slovenica, No. 126. Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. pp. 1-17.
    • (2006) Nature-based Forestry In Central Europe. Alternatives to Industrial Forestry and Strict Preservation , pp. 1-17
    • Johann, E.1
  • 55
    • 0022203234 scopus 로고
    • The theory and use of two fire history models
    • doi:10.1139/x85-039
    • Johnson, E.A., and Van Wagner, C.E. 1985. The theory and use of two fire history models. Can. J. For. Res. 15(1): 214-220. doi:10.1139/x85-039.
    • (1985) Can. J. For. Res , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 214-220
    • Johnson, E.A.1    van Wagner, C.E.2
  • 56
    • 78751621066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early classical studies of forest ecology in Northern Europe
    • doi:10.1080/02827581.2011.517946
    • Jonsson, B.G., Brumelis, G., and Kuuluvainen, T. 2011. Early classical studies of forest ecology in Northern Europe. Scand. J. For. Res. 26(Suppl. 10): 1-2. doi:10.1080/02827581.2011.517946.
    • (2011) Scand. J. For. Res , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. 10 , pp. 1-2
    • Jonsson, B.G.1    Brumelis, G.2    Kuuluvainen, T.3
  • 57
    • 0037311910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape ecosystem of northern Lower Michigan and the occurrence and management of the Kirtland's warbler
    • Kashian, D.M., Barnes, B.V., and Walker, W.S. 2003. Landscape ecosystem of northern Lower Michigan and the occurrence and management of the Kirtland's warbler. For. Sci. 49: 140-159.
    • (2003) For. Sci , vol.49 , pp. 140-159
    • Kashian, D.M.1    Barnes, B.V.2    Walker, W.S.3
  • 58
    • 68949148801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of historical range and variability (HRV) in landscape management
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.035
    • Keane, R.E., Hessburg, P.F., Landres, P.B., and Swanson, F.J. 2009. The use of historical range and variability (HRV) in landscape management. For. Ecol. Manage. 258(7): 1025-1037. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.035.
    • (2009) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.258 , Issue.7 , pp. 1025-1037
    • Keane, R.E.1    Hessburg, P.F.2    Landres, P.B.3    Swanson, F.J.4
  • 59
    • 67651089519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "emulation of natural disturbance" (END) management approach in Canadian forestry: A critical evaluation
    • Klenk, N.L., Bull, G.Q., and MacLellan, J.I. 2009. The "emulation of natural disturbance" (END) management approach in Canadian forestry: a critical evaluation. For. Chron. 85: 440-445.
    • (2009) For. Chron , vol.85 , pp. 440-445
    • Klenk, N.L.1    Bull, G.Q.2    Maclellan, J.I.3
  • 60
    • 84864798596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest ecosystem structure and disturbance dynamics across the circimboreal forest
    • Edited by A.C. Millington, M.B. Blumler, and U. Schickhoff. SAGE, Los Angeles, Calif
    • Kneeshaw, D., Bergeron, Y., and Kuuluvainen, T. 2011. Forest ecosystem structure and disturbance dynamics across the circimboreal forest. In The SAGE handbook of biogeography. Edited by A.C. Millington, M.B. Blumler, and U. Schickhoff. SAGE, Los Angeles, Calif. pp. 263-280.
    • (2011) The SAGE Handbook of Biogeography , pp. 263-280
    • Kneeshaw, D.1    Bergeron, Y.2    Kuuluvainen, T.3
  • 62
    • 0036097076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance dynamics in boreal forests: Defining the ecological basis of restoration and management of biodiversity
    • Korpilahti, E., and Kuuluvainen, T. (Editors). 2002. Disturbance dynamics in boreal forests: defining the ecological basis of restoration and management of biodiversity. Silva Fenn. 36(1).
    • (2002) Silva Fenn , vol.36 , Issue.1
    • Korpilahti, E.1    Kuuluvainen, T.2
  • 63
    • 0028584660 scopus 로고
    • Gap disturbance, ground microtopography, and the regeneration dynamics of boreal coniferous forests in Finland: A review
    • Kuuluvainen, T. 1994. Gap disturbance, ground microtopography, and the regeneration dynamics of boreal coniferous forests in Finland: a review. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 31: 35-51.
    • (1994) Ann. Zool. Fenn , vol.31 , pp. 35-51
    • Kuuluvainen, T.1
  • 64
    • 0036097076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance dynamics in boreal forests: Defining the ecological basis of restoration and management of biodiversity
    • Kuuluvainen, T. 2002a. Disturbance dynamics in boreal forests: defining the ecological basis of restoration and management of biodiversity. Silva Fenn. 36: 5-12.
    • (2002) Silva Fenn , vol.36 , pp. 5-12
    • Kuuluvainen, T.1
  • 65
    • 0036094837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural variability of forests as a reference for restoring and managing biological diversity in boreal Fennoscandia
    • Kuuluvainen, T. 2002b. Natural variability of forests as a reference for restoring and managing biological diversity in boreal Fennoscandia. Silva Fenn. 36(1): 97-125.
    • (2002) Silva Fenn , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-125
    • Kuuluvainen, T.1
  • 66
    • 77649264360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest management and biodiversity conservation based on natural ecosystem dynamics in northern Europe: The complexity challenge
    • doi:10.1579/08-A-490.1. PMID:19860154
    • Kuuluvainen, T. 2009. Forest management and biodiversity conservation based on natural ecosystem dynamics in northern Europe: the complexity challenge. Ambio, 38(6): 309-315. doi:10.1579/08-A-490.1. PMID:19860154.
    • (2009) Ambio , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 309-315
    • Kuuluvainen, T.1
  • 67
    • 84856602554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Types of natural forest dynamics in boreal Fennoscandia: A review and classification
    • Kuuluvainen, T., and Aakala, T. 2011. Types of natural forest dynamics in boreal Fennoscandia: a review and classification. Silva Fenn. 45(5): 823-841.
    • (2011) Silva Fenn , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 823-841
    • Kuuluvainen, T.1    Aakala, T.2
  • 69
    • 0032700229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of the use of natural variability concepts in managing ecological systems
    • Landres, P.B., Morgan, P., and Swanson, F.J. 1999. Overview of the use of natural variability concepts in managing ecological systems. Ecol. Appl. 9: 1179-1188.
    • (1999) Ecol. Appl , vol.9 , pp. 1179-1188
    • Landres, P.B.1    Morgan, P.2    Swanson, F.J.3
  • 70
    • 84864819281 scopus 로고
    • Verlag P. Haupt, Bern, Stuttgart
    • Leibundgut, H. 1978. Die Waldflege. Verlag P. Haupt, Bern, Stuttgart.
    • (1978) Die Waldflege
    • Leibundgut, H.1
  • 74
    • 63049104745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emulating natural disturbance regimes as a basis for forest management: A North American view
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.019
    • Long, J.N. 2009. Emulating natural disturbance regimes as a basis for forest management: a North American view. For. Ecol. Manage. 257(9): 1868-1873. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.019.
    • (2009) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.257 , Issue.9 , pp. 1868-1873
    • Long, J.N.1
  • 76
    • 46749139970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint production of timber, carbon, and wildlife habitat in the Canadian boreal plains
    • doi:10.1139/X07-246
    • McCarney, G.R., Armstrong, G.W., and Adamowicz, W.L. 2008. Joint production of timber, carbon, and wildlife habitat in the Canadian boreal plains. Can. J. For. Res. 38(6): 1478-1492. doi:10.1139/X07-246.
    • (2008) Can. J. For. Res , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 1478-1492
    • McCarney, G.R.1    Armstrong, G.W.2    Adamowicz, W.L.3
  • 77
    • 0032714988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A framework for conceptualizing human effects on landscapes and its relevance to management and research models
    • doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97509.x
    • McIntyre, S., and Hobbs, R. 1999. A framework for conceptualizing human effects on landscapes and its relevance to management and research models. Conserv. Biol. 13(6): 1282-1292. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97509.x.
    • (1999) Conserv. Biol , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 1282-1292
    • McIntyre, S.1    Hobbs, R.2
  • 78
    • 0027795061 scopus 로고
    • Chronology of spruce budworm outbreaks near Lake Duparquet, Abitibi region, Quebec
    • doi:10.1139/x93-189
    • Morin, H., Laprise, D., and Bergeron, Y. 1993. Chronology of spruce budworm outbreaks near Lake Duparquet, Abitibi region, Quebec. Can. J. For. Res. 23(8): 1497-1506. doi:10.1139/x93-189.
    • (1993) Can. J. For. Res , vol.23 , Issue.8 , pp. 1497-1506
    • Morin, H.1    Laprise, D.2    Bergeron, Y.3
  • 79
    • 51249099770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can natural disturbance-based forestry rescue a declining population of grizzly bears?
    • doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.06.020
    • Nielsen, S.E., Stenhouse, G.B., Beyer, H.L., Huettmann, F., and Boyce, M.S. 2008. Can natural disturbance-based forestry rescue a declining population of grizzly bears? Biol. Conserv. 141(9): 2193-2207. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.06.020.
    • (2008) Biol. Conserv , vol.141 , Issue.9 , pp. 2193-2207
    • Nielsen, S.E.1    Stenhouse, G.B.2    Beyer, H.L.3    Huettmann, F.4    Boyce, M.S.5
  • 80
    • 67650119822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emulating natural disturbance regimes: An emerging approach for sustainable forest management
    • Edited by R. Lafortezza, J. Chen, G. Sanesi, and Th.R. Crow. Springer Science +Business Media B.V., New York
    • North, P.M., and Keeton, W.S. 2008. Emulating natural disturbance regimes: an emerging approach for sustainable forest management. In Patterns and processes in forest landscapes. Edited by R. Lafortezza, J. Chen, G. Sanesi, and Th.R. Crow. Springer Science +Business Media B.V., New York.
    • (2008) Patterns and Processes In Forest Landscapes
    • North, P.M.1    Keeton, W.S.2
  • 82
    • 67649347866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale interdisciplinary experiments inform current and future forestry management options in the U.S. Pacific Northwest
    • Peterson, C.E., and Anderson, P.D. 2009. Large-scale interdisciplinary experiments inform current and future forestry management options in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. For. Ecol. Manage. 258: 409-414.
    • (2009) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.258 , pp. 409-414
    • Peterson, C.E.1    Anderson, P.D.2
  • 84
    • 1242277796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the history, definitions and methods of continuous cover forestry with special attention to afforestation and restocking
    • doi:10.1093/forestry/77.1.27
    • Pommerening, A., and Murphy, S.T. 2004. A review of the history, definitions and methods of continuous cover forestry with special attention to afforestation and restocking. Forestry, 77(1): 27-44. doi:10.1093/forestry/77.1.27.
    • (2004) Forestry , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-44
    • Pommerening, A.1    Murphy, S.T.2
  • 86
    • 33845490829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for systematic review in conservation and environmental management
    • doi:10.1111/j.1523-739.2006.00485.x. PMID:17181800
    • Pullin, A.S., and Stewart, G.B. 2006. Guidelines for systematic review in conservation and environmental management. Conserv. Biol. 20(6): 1647-1656. doi:10.1111/j.1523-739.2006.00485.x. PMID:17181800.
    • (2006) Conserv. Biol , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 1647-1656
    • Pullin, A.S.1    Stewart, G.B.2
  • 87
    • 70349658705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking reductionist science and holistic policy using systematic reviews: Unpacking environmental policy questions to construct an evidence-based framework
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01704.x
    • Pullin, A.S., Knight, T.M., and Watkinson, A.R. 2009. Linking reductionist science and holistic policy using systematic reviews: unpacking environmental policy questions to construct an evidence-based framework. J. Appl. Ecol. 46(5): 970-975. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01704.x.
    • (2009) J. Appl. Ecol , vol.46 , Issue.5 , pp. 970-975
    • Pullin, A.S.1    Knight, T.M.2    Watkinson, A.R.3
  • 88
  • 89
    • 42449123158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscapescale changes in canopy fuels and potential fire behaviour following ponderosa pine restoration treatments
    • doi:10.1071/WF06120
    • Roccaforte, J.P., Fule, P.Z., and Covington, W.W. 2008. Landscapescale changes in canopy fuels and potential fire behaviour following ponderosa pine restoration treatments. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 17(2): 293-303. doi:10.1071/WF06120.
    • (2008) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 293-303
    • Roccaforte, J.P.1    Fule, P.Z.2    Covington, W.W.3
  • 90
    • 0001091911 scopus 로고
    • Fire in the boreal forest
    • doi:10.1016/0033-5894(73)90008-2
    • Rowe, J.S., and Scotter, G.W. 1973. Fire in the boreal forest. Quat. Res. 3(3): 444-464. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(73)90008-2.
    • (1973) Quat. Res , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 444-464
    • Rowe, J.S.1    Scotter, G.W.2
  • 91
    • 1542349775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intermediate disturbance hypothesis: Patch dynamics and mechanisms of species coexistence
    • doi:10.1890/03-0266
    • Roxburgh, S.H., Shea, K., and Wilson, J.B. 2004. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis: patch dynamics and mechanisms of species coexistence. Ecology, 85(2): 359-371. doi:10.1890/03-0266.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , Issue.2 , pp. 359-371
    • Roxburgh, S.H.1    Shea, K.2    Wilson, J.B.3
  • 92
    • 84890249740 scopus 로고
    • Naturlig branddynamik kan styra naturvård och skogskötsel in boreal skog
    • Rülcker, C., Angelstam, P., and Rosenberg, P. 1994. Naturlig branddynamik kan styra naturvård och skogskötsel in boreal skog. SkogForsk, 8.
    • (1994) SkogForsk , pp. 8
    • Rülcker, C.1    Angelstam, P.2    Rosenberg, P.3
  • 93
    • 33846374119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insect conservation: A synthetic management approach
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091317. PMID:16968205
    • Samways, M.J. 2007. Insect conservation: a synthetic management approach. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 52(1): 465-487. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091317. PMID:16968205.
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Entomol , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 465-487
    • Samways, M.J.1
  • 94
    • 65349153694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management applicability of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis across Mongolian rangeland ecosystems
    • doi:10.1890/08-0144.1. PMID:19323200
    • Sasaki, T., Okubo, S., Okayasu, T., Jamsran, U., Ohkuro, T., and Takeuchi, K. 2009. Management applicability of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis across Mongolian rangeland ecosystems. Ecol. Appl. 19(2): 423-432. doi:10.1890/08-0144.1. PMID:19323200.
    • (2009) Ecol. Appl , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 423-432
    • Sasaki, T.1    Okubo, S.2    Okayasu, T.3    Jamsran, U.4    Ohkuro, T.5    Takeuchi, K.6
  • 95
    • 0036154295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbance regimes in northeastern North America - evaluating silvicultural systems using natural scales and frequencies
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00572-2
    • Seymour, R.S., White, A.S., and deMaynadier, P.G. 2002. Natural disturbance regimes in northeastern North America - evaluating silvicultural systems using natural scales and frequencies. For. Ecol. Manage. 155(1-3): 357-367. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00572-2.
    • (2002) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.155 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 357-367
    • Seymour, R.S.1    White, A.S.2    Demaynadier, P.G.3
  • 96
    • 2542525470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving from pattern to process: Coexistence mechanisms under intermediate disturbance regimes
    • doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00600.x
    • Shea, K., Roxburgh, S.H., and Rauschert, S.J. 2004. Moving from pattern to process: coexistence mechanisms under intermediate disturbance regimes. Ecol. Lett. 7(6): 491-508. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00600.x.
    • (2004) Ecol. Lett , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 491-508
    • Shea, K.1    Roxburgh, S.H.2    Rauschert, S.J.3
  • 97
    • 72649106537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating restoration strategies for a southern boreal forest landscape with complex land ownership patterns
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.042
    • Shinneman, D.J., Cornett, M.W., and Palik, B.J. 2010. Simulating restoration strategies for a southern boreal forest landscape with complex land ownership patterns. For. Ecol. Manage. 259(3): 446-458. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.042.
    • (2010) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.259 , Issue.3 , pp. 446-458
    • Shinneman, D.J.1    Cornett, M.W.2    Palik, B.J.3
  • 98
    • 61849154168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural stand structures, disturbance regimes and successional dynamics in the Eurasian boreal forests: A review with special reference to Russian studies
    • doi:10.1051/forest/2008083
    • Shorohova, E., Kuuluvainen, T., Kangur, A., and Jogiste, K. 2009. Natural stand structures, disturbance regimes and successional dynamics in the Eurasian boreal forests: a review with special reference to Russian studies. Ann. For. Sci. 66(2): 201. doi:10.1051/forest/2008083.
    • (2009) Ann. For. Sci , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 201
    • Shorohova, E.1    Kuuluvainen, T.2    Kangur, A.3    Jogiste, K.4
  • 99
    • 0002044874 scopus 로고
    • The development of spruce forest on raw humus sites and its ecology
    • Sirén, G. 1955. The development of spruce forest on raw humus sites and its ecology. Acta For. Fenn. 62(4).
    • (1955) Acta For. Fenn , vol.62 , Issue.4
    • Sirén, G.1
  • 100
    • 0021561342 scopus 로고
    • The role of disturbance in natural communities
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002033
    • Sousa, W.P. 1984. The role of disturbance in natural communities. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15(1): 353-391. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002033.
    • (1984) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 353-391
    • Sousa, W.P.1
  • 101
    • 0035501209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new boreal forestry: Adjusting timber management to accommodate biodiversity
    • doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02335-7
    • Spence, J.R. 2001. The new boreal forestry: adjusting timber management to accommodate biodiversity. Trends Ecol. Evol. 16 (11): 591-593. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02335-7.
    • (2001) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.16 , Issue.11 , pp. 591-593
    • Spence, J.R.1
  • 103
    • 33745900260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of wildfire, logging and residual tree density on bird communities in the northern Rocky Mountains
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.053
    • Stuart-Smith, A.K., Hayes, J.P., and Schieck, J. 2006. The influence of wildfire, logging and residual tree density on bird communities in the northern Rocky Mountains. For. Ecol. Manage. 231(1-3): 1-17. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.053.
    • (2006) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.231 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 1-17
    • Stuart-Smith, A.K.1    Hayes, J.P.2    Schieck, J.3
  • 104
    • 69149096009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there potential for the historical range of variability to guide conservation given the social range of variability?
    • Thompson, J.R., Duncan, S.L., and Johnson, K.N. 2009. Is there potential for the historical range of variability to guide conservation given the social range of variability? Ecol. Soc. 14(1): 18.
    • (2009) Ecol. Soc , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 18
    • Thompson, J.R.1    Duncan, S.L.2    Johnson, K.N.3
  • 105
    • 35548989634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial harvesting in the Canadian boreal: Success will depend on stand dynamic responses
    • Thorpe, H.C., and Thomas, S.C. 2007. Partial harvesting in the Canadian boreal: success will depend on stand dynamic responses. For. Chron. 83(3): 319-325.
    • (2007) For. Chron , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 319-325
    • Thorpe, H.C.1    Thomas, S.C.2
  • 107
    • 44749088788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape-scale Disturbance and Boreal Forest Birds: Can Large Single-pass Harvest Approximate Fires?
    • doi:10. 1016/j.foreco.2008.04.017
    • Van Wilgenburg, S.L., and Hobson, K.A. 2008. Landscape-scale disturbance and boreal forest birds: can large single-pass harvest approximate fires? For. Ecol. Manage. 256(1-2): 136-146. doi:10. 1016/j.foreco.2008.04.017.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.256 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 136-146
    • van Wilgenburg, S.L.1    Hobson, K.A.2
  • 108
    • 34548500550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitating boreal forest structure and species composition in Finland through logging, dead wood creation and fire: The EVO experiment
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.012
    • Vanha-Majamaa, I., Lilja, S., Ryömä, R., Kotiaho, J.S., Laaka-Lindberg, S., Lindberg, H., Puttonen, P., Tamminen, P., Toivanen, T., and Kuuluvainen, T. 2007. Rehabilitating boreal forest structure and species composition in Finland through logging, dead wood creation and fire: the EVO experiment. For. Ecol. Manage. 250(1-2): 77-88. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.012.
    • (2007) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.250 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 77-88
    • Vanha-Majamaa, I.1    Lilja, S.2    Ryömä, R.3    Kotiaho, J.S.4    Laaka-Lindberg, S.5    Lindberg, H.6    Puttonen, P.7    Tamminen, P.8    Toivanen, T.9    Kuuluvainen, T.10
  • 111
    • 0025603986 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale management experiments and learning by doing
    • doi:10.2307/1938620
    • Walters, C.J., and Holling, C.S. 1990. Large-scale management experiments and learning by doing. Ecology, 71(6): 2060-2068. doi:10.2307/1938620.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , Issue.6 , pp. 2060-2068
    • Walters, C.J.1    Holling, C.S.2
  • 113
    • 84864795156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapman & Hall, New York
    • Ostfelt, M. Sachak, and G.E. Likens. Chapman & Hall, New York. pp. 93-107.
    • Ostfelt, M.S.1    Likens, G.E.2
  • 114
    • 0025640705 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of species coexistence: Twelve explanations for Hutchinson's "paradox of the plankton": Evidence from New Zealand plant communities
    • Wilson, J.B. 1990. Mechanisms of species coexistence: twelve explanations for Hutchinson's "paradox of the plankton": evidence from New Zealand plant communities. N.Z. J. Ecol. 13: 17-42.
    • (1990) N.Z. J. Ecol , vol.13 , pp. 17-42
    • Wilson, J.B.1
  • 115
    • 0027927394 scopus 로고
    • The 'intermediate disturbance hypothesis' of species coexistence is based on patch dynamics
    • Wilson, J.B. 1994. The 'intermediate disturbance hypothesis' of species coexistence is based on patch dynamics. N.Z. J. Ecol. 18 (2): 176-181.
    • (1994) N.Z. J. Ecol , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 176-181
    • Wilson, J.B.1
  • 116
    • 33244482799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of dynamic-landscape metapopulation models for sustainable forest management
    • doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00276.x
    • Wintle, B.A., Bekessy, S.A., Venier, L.A., Pearce, J.L., and Chisholm, R.A. 2005. Utility of dynamic-landscape metapopulation models for sustainable forest management. Conserv. Biol. 19 (6): 1930-1943. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00276.x.
    • (2005) Conserv. Biol , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 1930-1943
    • Wintle, B.A.1    Bekessy, S.A.2    Venier, L.A.3    Pearce, J.L.4    Chisholm, R.A.5
  • 117
    • 0001828324 scopus 로고
    • The influence of forest fires on North Swedish boreal forest
    • doi:10.2307/3543289
    • Zackrisson, O. 1977. The influence of forest fires on North Swedish boreal forest. Oikos, 29(1): 22-32. doi:10.2307/3543289.
    • (1977) Oikos , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-32
    • Zackrisson, O.1
  • 118
    • 67649982885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of the effects of wildfire, clearcutting, and partial harvest on the abundance of North American small mammals
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.033
    • Zwolak, R. 2009. A meta-analysis of the effects of wildfire, clearcutting, and partial harvest on the abundance of North American small mammals. For. Ecol. Manage. 258(5): 539-545. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.033.
    • (2009) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.258 , Issue.5 , pp. 539-545
    • Zwolak, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.