Why do New Zealand high school students carry weapons?

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 425-439

  Marsh, Louise ^a   McGee, Rob ^a   Williams, Sheila ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

adolescents; physical aggression; school; violence; weapon

Indexed keywords

EID: 84864795301     PISSN: 00048658     EISSN: 18379273     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0004865811419057     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Astor RA,Benbenishity R,Rosemond MEducating Adolescents: Challenges and Strategies. Urban TParjes F, ed. Greenwich, CT: Information Age; 2004:109-130.
2. Barlas J,Egan V.Weapons carrying in British teenagers: The role of personality, delinquency, sensational interests, and mating effort.The Journal of Forensic Pychiatry and Psychology. 2006;17 (1): 53-72.
3. Bennett A.Penalties increased as govt targets knife crime.Otago Daily Times. 2010;:.
4. Brener ND,Simon TR,Krug EG,Lowry R.Recent trends in violence-related behaviors among high school students in the United States.Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999;282 (5): 440-446.
5. Cao L,Zhang Y,Hi N.Carrying of weapons to school for protection: An analysis of the 2001 school crime supplement data.Journal of Criminal Justice. 2008;36:154-164.
6. Carter M (2002) Prevalence of youth health behaviours: A web based approach. Unpublished Masters thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
7. Health risk behaviours among adolescents who do and do not attend school.MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 1994;43 (8): 129-132.
8. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Atlanta, GA: Centre for Disease Control and Prevention; 2003:.
9. Surveillance summaries: Youth risk behaviorsurveillance - United States 2003.MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 2004;53 (SS-2).
10. Chong JYouth Justice Statistics in New Zealand: 1992-2006. Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Justice; 2007:.
11. Coggan CA,Disley B,Patterson P,Norton R.Risk-taking behaviours in a sample of NewZealand adolescents.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 1997;21 (5): 455-461.
12. Cross JE,Newman-Gonchar RIssues in School Violence Research. Furlong MMorrison GMSkiba RCornell DG, ed. New York: The Howorth Press Inc; 2004:.
13. Donnellan MB,Trzesniewski KH,Robins RW,Moffitt TE,Caspi A.Low self-esteem isrelated to aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency.Psychological Science. 2005;16 (4): 328-335.
14. DuRant RH,Kahn J,Beckford PH,Woods ER.The association of weapon carrying and fighting on school property and other health risk and problem behaviors among high school students.Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 1997;151 (4): 360-366.
15. Eaton DK,Kann L,Kinchen SA,Ross JG,Hawkins J,Harris W,Lowry R,McManus T,Chyen D,Shanklin S,Lim C,Grunbaum JA,Wechsler H.Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2005.MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 2006;55 (SS05): 1-108.
16. Eisenbraun KD.Violence in schools: Prevalence, prediction, and prevention.Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2007;12:459-469.
17. Erickson P,Butters J,Cousineau M,Harrison L,Korf D.Girls and weapons: An international study of the perpetration of violence.Journal of Urban Health. 2006;83 (5): 777-801.
18. Fleming TM,Watson P,Robinson E,Ameratunga SN,Dixon RS,Clark T,Crengle SMViolence and New Zealand Young People: Findings of Youth 2000 - A Secondary School Youth Health and Wellbeing Survey. Auckland: University of Auckland; 2007:.
19. Furlong M,Morrison GM,Cornell DG,Skiba RIssues in School Violence Research. Furlong MMorrison GMCornell DGSkiba R, ed. New York: The Howorth Press, Inc; 2004:.
20. Gilmartin BG.Peer group antecedents of severe love-shyness in males.Journal of Personality. 1987;55 (3): 467-459.
21. Grunbaum JA,Kann L,Kinchen SA,Williams BI,Ross JG,Lowry R,Kolbe LJ.Youth risk behaviour surveillance - United States, 2001.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2002;51 (ss-4): 1-21.
22. Hayes DN.Age-within-school-class and adolescent gun-carrying.Pediatrics. 1999;103 (5): e64-e64.
23. Khoury-Kassabri M,Astor RA,Benbenishity R.Weapon carrying in Israeli schools: The contribution of individual and school factors.Health Education & Behavior. 2007;34:453-470.
24. Kodjo CM,Auinger P,Ryan SA.Demographic, intrinsic, and extrinsic factors associated with weapon carrying at school.Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2003;157 (1): 96-103.
25. Krug EG,Dahlberg LL,Mercy JA,Zwi AB,Lozano RWorld Report on Violence and Health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002:.
26. Laufer A,Harel Y.The role of family, peers and school perceptions in predicting involvement in youth violence.International Journal of Adolescent Medicine & Health. 2003;15 (3): 235-244.
27. Applied Research Unit LINZAbbey Research. Dunedin: LINZ Applied Research Unit, University of Otago; 2005:.
28. Marsh L,McGee R,Nada-Raja S,Currey N.Adolescents' perceptions of violence and its prevention.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2007;31 (3): 224-229.
29. Marsh L,McGee R,Nada-Raja S,Williams S.Principals' and counsellors' perceptions of physical aggression among secondary school students: A New Zealand view.New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies. 2008;2:.
30. McGee R,Williams S.Adolescents' self-perceptions of their strengths.Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 1990;20 (3): 325-337.
31. McGee R,Carter M,Williams S,Taylor B.Weapon carrying in a sample of high schoolstudents in New Zealand.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 29: 13-15. 2005;:.
32. McKeganey N,Norrie J.Association between illegal drugs and weapon carrying in young people in Scotland: Schools' survey.British Medical Journal. 2000;320 (7240): 982-984.
33. All Students by Region, by Year of Schooling, by Type of Student and Gender. Wellington: Ministry of Education; 2004:.
34. Exclusions and Expulsions from School. Wellington: Ministry of Education; 2009a:.
35. Stand Downs from School. Wellington: Ministry of Education; 2009b:.
36. Suspensions from School. Wellington: Ministry of Education; 2009c:.
37. Moffit TE,Harrington HLFrom Child to Adult: The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. Silva PAStanton WR, ed. Auckland: Oxford University Press; 1996:.
38. Moffit TE,Silva PA.Self reported delinquency: results from an instrument for New Zealand.Australia New Zealand Journal of Criminology. 1988;21:227-240.
39. Nairn K,Smith B.Secondary school students' experiences of bullying at school - and their suggestions for dealing with it.Childrenz Issues. 2002;6 (1): 16-22.
40. Nansel TR,Craig W,Overpeck MD,Saluja G,Ruan J.Cross-national consistency in the relationship between bullying behaviours and psychosocial adjustment.Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2004;158:730-736.
41. Nansel TR,Overpeck MD,Haynie DL,Ruan WJ,Scheidt PC.Relationships between bullying and violence among US youth.Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2003;157 (4): 348-353.
42. Youth knife crime bound to rise, judge warns.Otago Daily Times. 2009;:.
43. Pickett W,Craig W,Harel Y,Cunningham J,Simpson K,Molcho M,Mazur J,Dostaler S,Overpeck MD,Currie C.Cross-national study of fighting and weapon carrying as determinants of adolescent injury.Pediatrics, 116. 2005;:855-863.
44. Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children: A WHO Cross-national Survey. Research Protocol for the 1997-98 Study. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh; 1998:.
45. Resnick MD,Ireland M,Borowsky I.Youth violence perpetration: What protects? What predicts? Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.Journal of Adolescent Health. 2004;35 (5): 424-424.
46. Simon TR,Crosby AE,Dahlberg LL.Students who carry weapons to high school: comparison with other weapon-carriers.Journal of Adolescent Health. 1999;24 (5): 340-348.
47. Smith H,Thomas SP.Violent and nonviolent girls: Contrasting perceptions of anger experiences, school, and relationships.Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2000;21:547-575.
48. Smith-Khuri E,Iachan R,Scheidt PC,Overpeck MD,Gabhain SN,Pickett W,Harel Y.A cross-national study of violence-related behaviors in adolescents.Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2004;158:539-544.
49. Stata Statistical Software: Release 9.0. College Station, TX; 2003:.
50. Glossary term: Ethnicity - 2001 census. Available at. 2001:.
51. Quick stats about Maori, census 2006. Wellington: Statistics New Zealand; 2007:.
52. Youth knife crime bound to rise, judge warns.Otago Daily Times. 2009;15:.
53. Thurnherr J,Michaud P,Berchtold A,Akre C,Suris J.Youths carrying a weapon or using a weapon in a fight: What makes the difference?.Health Education Research. 2009;24 (2): 270-279.
54. Williams S,McGee R.Adolescents' self-perceptions of their strengths.Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 1991;20 (3): 325-337.
55. Woodham K.Violence survey results defended despite questions.Otago Daily Times. 2005;:4-4.