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Volumn 337, Issue 6094, 2012, Pages 544-547

The formation and evolution of massive black holes

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASTROPHYSICS; COSMOLOGY; SOLAR ACTIVITY; SPACE TECHNOLOGY;

EID: 84864744516     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: 10959203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1220843     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (412)

References (56)
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    • note
    • ⊙. The largest black holes weigh almost as much as our entire Galaxy. See the supplementary materials for a discussion on how MBH masses are measured.
  • 5
    • 84875571706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Many theoretical models predict the existence of MBHs wandering in galactic halos, a product of the assembly history of galaxies and MBHs. These putative wandering MBHs would be very hard to detect due to their very low predicted luminosity and/or the short time scales over which they are active (55).
  • 6
    • 84875567154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • ⊙.
  • 8
    • 84875561177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • When astronomers refer to heavy elements, they mean elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. Whereas hydrogen, helium, and a small amount of lithium were formed a few minutes after the Big Bang, all other elements have been formed through stellar nucleosynthesis.
  • 19
    • 84875569285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T. Wiklind, V. Bromm, B. Mobasher, Eds. Springer Astrophysics and Space Science Library, New York, and references therein
    • Z. Haiman, in The First Galaxies - Theoretical Predictions and Observational Clues, T. Wiklind, V. Bromm, B. Mobasher, Eds. (Springer Astrophysics and Space Science Library, New York, 2012), http://arxiv.org/abs/ 1203.6075 and references therein.
    • (2012) The First Galaxies - Theoretical Predictions and Observational Clues
    • Haiman, Z.1
  • 21
    • 79959833905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. Mortlock et al., Nature 474, 616 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.474 , pp. 616
    • Mortlock, D.1
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    • 84857263791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and references therein
    • K. Park, M. Ricotti, Astrophys. J. 747, 9 (2012) and references therein.
    • (2012) Astrophys. J. , vol.747 , pp. 9
    • Park, K.1    Ricotti, M.2
  • 32
    • 84875571363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The stellar bulge is the roughly spherical component that dominates the central region of galaxies or that constitutes the entirety of the galaxy in the case of elliptical galaxies. Galaxies such as the Milky Way also comprise an extended disk where gas and stars coexist. A much larger dark matter halo surrounds the visible part of galaxies.
  • 34
  • 47
    • 80655144539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and references therein
    • F. Bournaud et al., Astrophys. J. 741, L33 (2011) and references therein.
    • (2011) Astrophys. J. , vol.741
    • Bournaud, F.1
  • 51
    • 73349102803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and references therein
    • A. Merloni et al., Astrophys. J. 708, 137 (2010) and references therein.
    • (2010) Astrophys. J. , vol.708 , pp. 137
    • Merloni, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.