Membrane inlet mass spectrometer for the quasi-continuous on-site analysis of dissolved gases in groundwater

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 46, Issue 15, 2012, Pages 8288-8296

  MäcHler, Lars ^a,b   Brennwald, Matthias S ^a   Kipfer, Rolf ^a,b  

^a SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

^b ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DETECTION LIMITS; DISSOLVED GAS; DISSOLVED GAS CONCENTRATIONS; FIELD CONDITIONS; ON-SITE ANALYSIS; RIVER WATER; STANDALONE SYSTEMS; TEMPERATURE SIGNAL;

ARGON; DISSOLUTION; KRYPTON; MASS SPECTROMETERS;

GROUNDWATER;

ARGON; GROUND WATER; HELIUM; KRYPTON; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; WATER;

DIEL VARIATION; DISSOLVED GAS; GROUNDWATER RESOURCE; HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MEMBRANE; NOBLE GAS; RIVER WATER;

ACCURACY; AIR; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; DISSOLVED GAS; EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT; GAS; GAS ANALYSIS; LIMIT OF DETECTION; MASS SPECTROMETER; MEMBRANE; MEMBRANE INLET MASS SPECTROMETER; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER SUPPLY; WATER TEMPERATURE;

GASES; GROUNDWATER; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MEMBRANES, ARTIFICIAL; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SOLUBILITY;

EID: 84864699589     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es3004409     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Kirchner, J.; Feng, X.; Neal, C. Fractal stream chemistry and its implications for contaminant transport in catchments Nature 2000, 403, 524-527
2. Uehlinger, U.; Naegeli, M. W. Ecosystem metabolism, disturbance, and stability in a prealpine gravel bed river J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 1998, 17, 165-178
3. Uehlinger, U. Annual cycle and inter-annual variability of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration in a floodprone river during a 15-year period Freshwater Biol. 2006, 51, 938-950
4. Brunke, M.; Gonser, T. The ecological significance of exchange processes between rivers and groundwater Freshwater Biol. 1997, 37, 1-33
5. Malard, F.; Hervant, F. Oxygen supply and the adaptations of animals in groundwater Freshwater Biol. 1999, 41, 1-30
6. Boulton, A.; Findlay, S.; Marmonier, P.; Stanley, E. H.; Valett, H. M. The functional significance of the hyporheic zone in streams and rivers Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1998, 29, 59-81
7. Hayashi, M.; Rosenberry, D. O. Effects of ground water exchange on the hydrology and ecology of surface water Ground Water 2002, 40, 309-316
8. Schwoerbel, J. Über die Lebensbedingungen und die Besiedlung des hyporheischen Lebensraumes Arch. Hydrobiol., Suppl. 1961, 25, 182-214
9. Husmann, S. A new method for taking interstitial water out of submerged layers of sand and gravel Arch. Hydrobiol. 1971, 68, 519-527
10. Williams, D.; Hynes, H. B. N. The occurrence of benthos deep in the substratum of a stream Freshwater Biol. 1974, 4, 233-256
11. Poole, W. C.; Stewart, K. W. The vertical distribution of macrobenthos within the substratum of the Brazos River, Texas Hydrobiologia 1976, 50, 151-160
12. Whitman, R.; Clark, W. Availability of dissolved oxygen in interstitial waters of a sandy creek Hydrobiologia 1982, 92, 651-658
13. Rose, S.; Long, A. Monitoring dissolved oxygen in ground water: Some basic considerations Ground Water Monit. Rem. 1988, 8, 93-97
14. Datry, T.; Malard, F.; Gibert, J. Dynamics of solutes and dissolved oxygen in shallow urban groundwater below a stormwater infiltration basin Sci. Total Environ. 2004, 329, 215-229
15. Kipfer, R.; Aeschbach-Hertig, W.; Peeters, F.; Stute, M. Noble gases in lakes and ground waters Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 2002, 47, 615-700
16. Holocher, J.; Peeters, F.; Aeschbach-Hertig, W.; Kinzelbach, W.; Kipfer, R. Kinetic model of gas bubble dissolution in groundwater and its implications for the dissolved gas composition Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 1337-1343
17. Klump, S.; Cirpka, O.; Surbeck, H.; Kipfer, R. Experimental and numerical studies on excess-air formation in quasi-saturated porous media Water Resour. Res. 2008, 44, W05402
18. 3He, noble gases and CFCs J. Hydrol. 1999, 220, 169-185
19. Heaton, T. H. E.; Vogel, J. C. Excess air in groundwater J. Hydrol. 1981, 50, 201-216
20. Klump, S.; Tomonaga, Y.; Kienzler, P.; Kinzelbach, W.; Baumann, T.; Imboden, D.; Kipfer, R. Field experiments yield new insights into gas exchange and excess air formation in natural porous media Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2007, 71, 1385-1397
21. Aeschbach-Hertig, W.; Peeters, F.; Beyerle, U.; Kipfer, R. Interpretation of dissolved atmospheric noble gases in natural waters Water Resour. Res. 1999, 35, 2779-2792
22. Wise, D.; Houghton, G. The diffusion coefficients of ten slightly soluble gases in water at 10-60°C Chem. Eng. Sci. 1966, 21, 999-1010
23. Broecker, W.; Peng, T.-H. Gas exchange rates between air and sea Tellus 1974, 27, 21-35
24. Jähne, B.; Heinz, G.; Dietrich, W. Measurement of the diffusion coefficients of sparingly soluble gases in water J. Geophys. Res. 1987, 92, 10,767-10,776
25. Weiss, R. The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in water and seawater Deep-Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr. 1970, 17, 721-735
26. Weiss, R. F. Piggyback sampler for dissolved gas studies on sealed water samples Deep-Sea Res. 1968, 15, 695-699
27. Poole, J.; McNeill, G.; Langman, S.; Dennis, F. Analysis of noble gases in water using a quadrupole mass spectrometer in static mode Appl. Geochem. 1997, 12, 707-714
28. Beyerle, U.; Aeschbach-Hertig, W.; Imboden, D.; Baur, H.; Graf, T.; Kipfer, R. A mass spectrometric system for the analysis of noble gases and tritium from water samples Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 2042-2050
29. Johnson, R.; Cooks, R.; Allen, T.; Cisper, M.; Hemberger, P. Membrane introduction mass spectrometry: Trends and applications Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2000, 19, 1-37
30. Ketola, R.; Kotiaho, T.; Cisper, M.; Allen, T. Environmental applications of membrane introduction mass spectrometry J. Mass. Spectrom. 2002, 37, 457-476
31. Davey, N. G.; Krogh, E. T.; Gill, C. G. Membrane-introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) Trends Anal. Chem. 2011, 30, 1477-1485
32. Tortell, P. Dissolved gas measurements in oceanic waters made by membrane inlet mass spectrometry Limnol Oceanogr.-Meth. 2005, 3, 24-37
33. Schlüter, M.; Gentz, T. Application of Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry for online and in situ analysis of methane in aquatic environments J. Am. Soc. Mass. Spectrom. 2008, 19, 1395-1402
34. 2/Ar by membrane inlet mass spectrometry Mar. Chem. 2008, 108, 184-194
35. Camilli, R.; Duryea, A. Characterizing spatial and temporal variability of dissolved gases in aquatic environments with in situ mass spectrometry Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 5014-5021
36. Etzkorn, J. M.; Davey, N. G.; Thompson, A. J.; Creba, A. S.; LeBlanc, C. W.; Simpson, C. D.; Krogh, E. T.; Gill, C. G. The Use of MIMS-MS-MS in Field Locations as an On-Line Quantitative Environmental Monitoring Technique for Trace Contaminants in Air and Water J. Chromatogr. Sci. 2009, 47, 57-66
37. Eschenbach, W.; Well, R. Online measurement of denitrification rates in aquifer samples by an approach coupling an automated sampling and calibration unit to a membrane inlet mass spectrometry system Rapid. Commun. Mass. Spectrom. 2011, 25, 1993-2006
38. Visser, A.; Singleton, M.; Esser, B. Towards a mobile Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry (MIMS) system for the detection of atmospheric noble gases in groundwater. Geophys. Res. Abstr. 2011, 13, EGU2011-2007-1, EGU General Assembly 2011.
39. Carignan, R. Automated determination of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen partial pressures in surface waters Limnol. Oceanogr. 1998, 43, 969-975
40. Schmidt, A.; Schlueter, M.; Melles, M.; Schubert, M. Continuous and discrete on-site detection of radon-222 in ground- and surface waters by means of an extraction module Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2008, 66, 1939-1944
41. Demarty, M.; Bastien, J.; Tremblay, A. Annual follow-up of gross diffusive carbon dioxide and methane emissions from a boreal reservoir and two nearby lakes in Quebec, Canada Biogeosciences 2011, 8, 41-53
42. 220Rn in soil material in dependence of water content: Implications from field and laboratory experiments Chem. Geol. 2012, 298-299, 116-122
43. Weiss, R.; Kyser, T. Solubility of krypton in water and sea water J. Chem. Eng. Data 1978, 23, 69-72
44. Weiss, R. Solubility of helium and neon in water and seawater J. Chem. Eng. Data 1971, 16, 235-241
45. Smith, S.; Kennedy, B. The solubility of noble gases in water and in NaCl brine Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1983, 47, 503-515
46. Manning, A.; Solomon, D.; Sheldon, A. Applications of a total dissolved gas pressure probe in ground water studies Ground Water 2003, 41, 440-448
47. SRS. User's Manual: QMS 100 Series Gas Analyzer; Stanford Research Systems, 2000; pp 1-279.
48. Chu, C.; Lo, Y.; Sung, T. Review on recent developments of fluorescent oxygen and carbon dioxide optical fiber sensors Photonic. Sens. 2011, 1, 234-250
49. Weiss, R. F. Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas Mar. Chem. 1974, 2, 203-215
50. Kaenel, B.; Buehrer, H.; Uehlinger, U. Effects of aquatic plant management on stream metabolism and oxygen balance in streams Freshwater Biol. 2000, 45, 85-95
51. Schwarzenbach, R. P.; Gschwend, P. M.; Imboden, D. M. Environmental Organic Chemistry; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York, 2003; ISBN 0-471-35750.
52. Streeter, H.; Phelps, E. B. A Study of the Pollution and Natural Purfication of the Ohio River. Publ. Health Bull. 1925, 146.
53. Schurr, J.; Ruchti, J. Kinetics of oxygen exchange, photosynthesis, and respiration in rivers determined from time-delayed correlations between sunlight and dissolved oxygen Aquat. Sci. 1975, 37, 144-174
54. Livingstone, D. M. The diel oxygen cycle in three subalpine Swiss streams Arch. Hydrobiol. 1991, 120, 457-479
55. Silliman, S.; Ramirez, J.; McCabe, R. L. Quantifying downflow through creek sediments using temperature time series: One-dimensional solution incorporating measured surface temperature J Hydrol. 1995, 167, 99-119
56. Anderson, M. Heat as a ground water tracer Ground Water 2005, 43, 951-968
57. Cirpka, O.; Fienen, M.; Hofer, M.; Hoehn, E.; Tessarini, A.; Kipfer, R.; Kitanidis, P. K. Analyzing bank filtration by deconvoluting time series of electric conductivity Ground Water 2007, 45, 318-328
58. Vogt, T.; Hoehn, E.; Schneider, P.; Freund, A.; Schirmer, M.; Cirpka, O. Fluctuations of electrical conductivity as a natural tracer for bank filtration in a losing stream Adv. Water Resour. 2010, 33, 1296-1308
59. Beste, K.; Hellige, G.; Hensel, I.; Schenk, H.; Bretschneider, H. Blood-gas analysis with a mass spectrometer membrane inlet system Lung 1975, 151, 294-295
60. Lloyd, D.; Scott, R. Direct measurement of dissolved gases in microbiological systems using membrane inlet mass spectrometry J. Microbiol. Methods 1983, 1, 313-328
61. Harland, B.; Nicholson, P.; Gillings, E. Determination of volatile organic compounds in aqueous systems by membrane inlet mass spectrometry Water Res. 1987, 21, 107-113
62. Lloyd, D.; Ellis, J. E.; Hillman, K.; Williams, A. G. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry: probing the rumen ecosystem J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1992, 73, 155-163
63. 2 and Ar in environmental water samples Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 4166-4170
64. Lloyd, D.; Thomas, K.; Price, D.; O'Neil, B.; Oliver, K.; Williams, T. A membrane-inlet mass spectrometer miniprobe for the direct simultaneous measurement of multiple gas species with spatial resolution of 1 mm J. Microbiol. Methods 1996, 25, 145-151
65. Lloyd, D.; Thomas, K.; Cowie, G.; Tammam, J.; Williams, A. Direct interface of chemistry to microbiological systems: membrane inlet mass spectrometry J. Microbial. Methods 2002, 48, 289-302
66. Kotiaho, T.; Lauritsen, F. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry Compr. Anal. Chem. 2002, 531-557
67. Bell, R.; Short, R.; van Amerom, F.; Byrne, R. Calibration of an in situ membrane inlet mass spectrometer for measurements of dissolved gases and volatile organics in seawater Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 8123-8128