On the executive clock drawing task in a multi-ethnic bilingual cohort: A project FRONTIER tudy

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

Volumn 27, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 959-966

  Menon, Chloe ^a   Hall, James ^b   Hobson, Valerie ^a   Johnson, Leigh ^a,c   O'Bryant, Sid E ^a,d  

^a TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS   (United States)

^c TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

^d TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

cognition; executive functioning; geriatrics; norms; visuospatial skills

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL; CLINICAL DEMENTIA RATING SCALE; COGNITION; EDUCATION; ETHNICITY; EXECUTIVE CLOCK DRAWING TASK; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; EXECUTIVE INTERVIEW 25 ITEM EXAMINATION; FEMALE; GENDER; HISPANIC; HUMAN; LINE ORIENTATION AND FIGURE COPY SUBTEST OF THE REPEATABLE BATTERY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS; LINGUISTICS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; TASK PERFORMANCE; CAUCASIAN; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COHORT ANALYSIS; LANGUAGE; MIDDLE AGED; REFERENCE VALUE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; STANDARD; STATISTICS;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COGNITION DISORDERS; COHORT STUDIES; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HISPANIC AMERICANS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTILINGUALISM; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REFERENCE VALUES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

EID: 84864676375     PISSN: 08856230     EISSN: 10991166     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/gps.2810     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, et al., 2011. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association workgroup. Alzheimers Dement 7 (3): 270-279.
2. Arnold B, Montgomery G, Castaneda I, Longoria R,. 1994. Acculturation and performance of Hispanics on selected Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological tests. Assessment 1: 239-248.
3. Bialystok E, Craik FIM, Green DW, Gollan TH,. 2009. Bilingual minds. Assoc Psychological Sci 10 (3): 89-129.
4. Coffey DM, Marmol L, Schock L, Adams W,. 2005. The influence of acculturation on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test by Mexican Americans. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 20: 795-803.
5. Crowe M, Allman RM, Triebel K, Sawyer P, Martin RC,. 2010. Normative performance on an executive clock drawing task (CLOX) in a community-dwelling sample of older adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 25 (7): 610-617.
6. Crowe M, Clay OJ, Sawyer P, Crowther M, Allman RM,. 2008. Education and reading ability in relation to differences in cognitive screening between African American and Caucasian older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 23: 222-223.
7. Demsky YI, Mittenberg W, Quintar B, Katell AD, Golden CJ,. 1998. Bias in the use of standard American norms with Spanish translations of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. Assessment 5: 115-121.
8. Dotson VM, Kitner-Triolo M, Evans MK, Zonderman AB,. 2008. Literacy-based normative data for low socioeconomic status African Americans. Clin Neuropsychol 22: 989-1017.
9. Duff K, Leber W, Patton D, et al., 2007. Modified Scoring Criteria for the RBANS Figures. Appl Neuropsychol 14 (2): 73-83.
10. Espino DV, Lichtenstein MJ, Palmer RF, Hazuda HP,. 2001. Ethnic differences in mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores: where you live makes a difference. J Geriatr Soc 49: 538-548.
11. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR,. 1975. Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12 (3): 189-98.
12. Freedman M, Leach L, Kaplan E, et al., 1994. Clock Drawing: A Neuropsychological Analysis. Oxford University Press: New York, NY.
13. Harris JG, Llorente AM,. 2005. Cultural considerations in the use of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV). In WISC-IV clinical use and interpretation: Scientist-practitioner perspectives, Prifitera A, Saklofske DH, Weiss LG, (eds.). Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA, US; 381-413.
14. Heinik J, Solomesh I, Berkman P,. 2004. Correlation between the CAMCOG, the MMSE, and three Clock Drawing Tests in a specialized outpatient psychogeriatric service. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 38: 77-84.
15. Heller PL, Briones DF, Schiffer RB, et al., 2006. Mexican-American ethnicity and cognitive function: findings from an elderly southwestern sample. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 18: 350-355.
16. Kirk A, Kertesz A,. 1991. On drawing impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 48 (1): 73-77.
17. Libon D, Malamut B, Swenson R, Sands L, Cloud B,. 1996. Further analyses of clock drawings among demented and non-demented older subjects. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 11 (3): 193-205.
18. Libon DJ, Swenson RA, Barnoski EJ, Sands LP,. 1993. Clock drawing as an assessment tool for dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 8: 405-415.
19. Lin-Kiat Yap P, Ng TP, Niti M, Yeo D, Henderson L,. 2007. Diagnostic performance of the clock drawing test by CLOX in an Asian Chinese population. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 24: 193-20.
20. Manly JJ, Echemendia RJ,. 2007. Race specific norms: using the model of hypertension to understand issues of race, culture, and education in neuropsychology. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 22: 319-325.
21. Manos PJ, Wu R,. 1994. The ten-point clock test: a quick screen and grading method for cognitive impairment in medical and surgical patients. Int J Psychiatry Med 24: 229-44.
22. Mendez MF, Ala T, Underwood KL,. 1992. Development of scoring criteria for the clock drawing task in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 40: 1095-1099.
23. Morris JC,. 1997. Clinical dementia rating: A reliable and valid diagnostic and staging measure for dementia of the Alzheimer type. Int Psychogeriatr 9: 173-176.
24. Petersen RC, Smith G, Waring SC, et al., 1999. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol 56 (3): 303-308.
25. Randolph C,. 1998. Repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status. The Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX.
26. Royall DR, Chiodo LK, Polk MJ,. 1999a. Correlates of disability among elderly retirees with "subclinical" cognitive impairment. J Gerontol Series A Med Sci 55 (9): 541-546.
27. Royall DR, Cordes JA, Polk M,. 1998. CLOX: an executive clock drawing task. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64: 588-594.
28. Royall DR, Espino DV, Polk MJ, Palmer RF, Markides KS,. 2004. Prevalence and patterns of executive impairment in community dwelling Mexican Americans: results from the Hispanic EPESE study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 19: 926-934.
29. Royall DR, Espino DV, Polk MJ, et al., 2003. Validation of a Spanish translation of the CLOX for use in Hispanic samples: the Hispanic EPESE study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 18: 135-141.
30. Royall DR, Lauterbach EC, Cummings JL, et al., 2002. Executive control function: a review of its promise and challenges to clinical research. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 14: 377-405.
31. Royall DR, Mahurin RK, Gray KF,. 1992. Bedside assessment of executive cognitive impairment: the executive interview. J Am Geriatr Soc 40: 1221-1226.
32. Royall DR, Mulroy A, Chiodo LK, Polk MJ,. 1999b. Clock drawing is sensitive to executive control: a comparison of six methods. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 54 (5): 328-333.
33. Rue A, Romero LJ, Ortiz IE, Liang HC, Lindeman RD,. 1999. Neuropsychological performance of Hispanic and non-Hispanic older adults: an epidemiologic survey. Clin Neuropsychol 13: 474-486.
34. Schillerstrom JE, Baker Sawyer P, Allman RM, et al., 2007. Clock drawing phenotypes in community-dwelling African Americans and Caucasians: results from the University of Alabama at Birmingham study of aging. Neuroepidemiology 28: 174-180.
35. Shulman K,. 2000. Clock-drawing: is it the ideal cognitive screening test? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 15: 548-561.
36. Shulman K, Gold DP, Cohen CA, Zucchero CA,. 1993. Clock-drawing and dementia in the community: a longitudinal study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 8: 487-96.
37. Stockholm J, Vogel A, Gade A, Waldeman G,. 2005. The executive interview as a screening test for executive dysfunction in patients with mild dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 53: 1577-1581.
38. Sunderland T, Hill J, Mellow A, et al., 1989. Clock drawing in Alzheimer's disease: a novel measure of dementia severity. J Am Geriatr Soc 37 (8): 725-729.
39. Tuokko H, Hadjistavropoulous T, Miller JA, Beattie BL,. 1992. The clock test: a sensitive measure to differentiate normal elderly from those with Alzheimer disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 40: 579-584.
40. U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. U.S. Interim Projections by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin. http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hispanic/ hispanic-pop-presentation.html.
41. U.S. Census Bureau. 2004. Population Projections. http://www.census.gov/ population/www/projections/projectionsagesex.html.
42. U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Educational Attainment in the United States. http://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/education/data/cps/2010/tables.html.
43. Von Gunten A, Ostos-Wiechetek M, Brull J, et al., 2008. Clock drawing test performance in the normal elderly and its dependence on age and education. Eur Neurol 60: 73-78.