Toxic effects of marijuana on the cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular Toxicology

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 143-148

  Pratap, Balaji ^a,b   Korniyenko, Aleksandr ^a,b  

^a ST LUKE S ROOSEVELT HOSPITAL CENTER   (United States)

^b Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Acute coronary syndrome; Arrhythmias; Brugada syndrome; Cannabis; Syncope

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS; PROCAINAMIDE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BRUGADA SYNDROME; CARDIOTOXICITY; CASE REPORT; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FOLLOW UP; HEART BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK; HEART PALPITATION; HEART RATE; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION; SYNCOPE; TOXICITY TESTING; TWO DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; URINALYSIS; WOUND;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; BRUGADA SYNDROME; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; HUMANS; MALE; MARIJUANA SMOKING; YOUNG ADULT;

CANNABIS; CANNABIS SATIVA; SYNCOPE;

EID: 84864660386     PISSN: 15307905     EISSN: 15590259     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9150-y     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Nations U. World Drug Report 2008. (2008). UN: Office of drugs and crime.
2. Reece, A. S. (2009). Chronic toxicology of cannabis. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia), 47, 517-524.
3. Mittleman, M. A., Lewis, R. A., Maclure, M., Sherwood, J. B., & Muller, J. E. (2001). Triggering myocardial infarction by marijuana. Circulation, 103, 2805-2809.
4. Jones, R. T. (2002). Cardiovascular system effects of marijuana. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 42, 58S-63S.
5. Beaconsfield, P., Ginsburg, J., & Rainsbury, R. (1972). Marihuana smoking. Cardiovascular effects in man and possible mechanisms. New England Journal of Medicine, 287, 209-212.
6. Kanakis, C., Pouget, M., & Rosen, K. M. (1979). Lack of cardiovascular effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in chemically denervated men. Annals of Internal Medicine, 91, 571-574.
7. Hillard, C. J. (2000). Endocannabinoids and vascular function. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 294, 27-32.
8. Martin, B. R. (2002). Identification of the endogenous cannabi-noid system through integrative pharmacological approaches. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 301, 790-796.
9. Kumar, R. N., Chambers, W. A., & Pertwee, R. G. (2001). Pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of cannabis and cannabinoids. Anaesthesia, 56, 1059-1068.
10. Clark, S. C. (1975). Marihuana and the cardiovascular system. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 3, 299-306.
11. Benowitz, N. L., & Jones, R. T. (1975). Cardiovascular effects of prolonged delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ingestion. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 18, 287-297.
12. Aronow, W. S., & Cassidy, J. (1974). Effect of marihuana and placebo-marihuana smoking on angina pectoris. New England Journal of Medicine, 291, 65-67.
13. Gregg, J. M., Campbell, R. L., Levin, K. J., Ghia, J., & Elliott, R. A. (1976). Cardiovascular effects of cannabinol during oral surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 55, 203-213.
14. Mathew, R. J., Wilson, W. H., Humphreys, D., Lowe, J. V., & Wiethe, K. E. (1992). Middle cerebral artery velocity during upright posture after marijuana smoking. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 86, 173-178.
15. Gash, A., Karliner, J. S., Janowsky, D., & Lake, C. R. (1978). Effects of smoking marihuana on left ventricular performance and plasma norepinephrine: studies in normal men. Annals of Internal Medicine, 89, 448-452.
16. Johnson, S., & Domino, E. F. (1971). Some cardiovascular effects of marihuana smoking in normal volunteers. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 12, 762-768.
17. Rinaldi, L. (1994). Marijuana: A research overview. Alaska Medicine, 36, 107-113.
18. Ghuran, A., & Nolan, J. (2000). Recreational drug misuse: Issues for the cardiologist. Heart, 83, 627-633.
19. Coumel, P. (1994). Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A disorder of autonomic tone? European Heart Journal, 15 (Suppl A) 9-16.
20. Fuster, V., Ryden, L. E., & Cannom, D. S., et al. (2011). ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation, 123 e269-e367.
21. Daccarett, M., Freih, M., & Machado, C. (2007). Acute cannabis intoxication mimicking brugada-like ST segment abnormalities. International Journal of Cardiology, 119, 235-236.
22. Kosior, D. A., Filipiak, K. J., Stolarz, P., & Opolski, G. (2001). Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation following marijuana intoxication: A two-case report of possible association. International Journal of Cardiology, 78, 183-184.
23. Akins, D., & Awdeh, M. R. (1981). Marijuana and second-degree AV block. Southern Medical Journal, 74, 371-373.
24. Clark, S. C., Greene, C., Karr, G. W., MacCannell, K. L., & Milstein, S. L. (1974). Cardiovascular effects of marihuana in man. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 52, 706-719.
25. Roth, W. T., Tinkleinberg, J. R., Kopell, B. S., & Hollister, L. E. (1973). Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during marihuana intoxication. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 14, 533-540.
26. Aronow, W. S., & Cassidy, J. (1975). Effect of smoking marihuana and of a high-nicotine cigarette on angina pectoris. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 17, 549-554.
27. Sarafian, T. A., Magallanes, J. A., Shau, H., Tashkin, D., & Roth, M. D. (1999). Oxidative stress produced by marijuana smoke. An adverse effect enhanced by cannabinoids. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 20, 1286-1293.
28. Chesher, G., & Hall, W. (1999). Effects of cannabis on the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. In H. Kalant, W. Corrigall, W. Hall, & R. Smart (Eds.), The Health Effects of Cannabis (pp. 437-458). Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health.
29. Cote, M., Matias, I., Lemieux, I., et al. (2007). Circulating endocannabinoid levels, abdominal adiposity and related car-diometabolic risk factors in obese men. International Journal of Obesity (London), 31, 692-699.
30. Tashkin, D. P., Coulson, A. H., Clark, V. A., et al. (1987). Respiratory symptoms and lung function in habitual heavy smokers of marijuana alone, smokers of marijuana and tobacco, smokers of tobacco alone, and nonsmokers. The American Review of Respiratory Disease, 135, 209-216.
31. Bloom, J. W., Kaltenborn, W. T., Paoletti, P., Camilli, A., & Lebowitz, M. D. (1987). Respiratory effects of non-tobacco cigarettes. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.), 295, 1516-1518.
32. Higgins, M., Keller, J. B., Wagenknecht, L. E., et al. (1991). Pulmonary function and cardiovascular risk factor relationships in black and in white young men and women. The CARDIA study. Chest, 99, 315-322.
33. Friedman, G. D., Klatsky, A. L., & Siegelaub, A. B. (1974). The leukocyte count as a predictor of myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine, 290, 1275-1278.
34. Scherwitz, L. W., Perkins, L. L., Chesney, M. A., Hughes, G. H., Sidney, S., & Manolio, T. A. (1992). Hostility and health behaviors in young adults: The CARDIA study. Coronary artery risk development in young adults study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 136, 136-145.
35. Iribarren, C., Sidney, S., Bild, D. E., et al. (2000). Association of hostility with coronary artery calcification in young adults: The CARDIA study. Coronary artery risk development in young adults. Journal of the American Medical Association, 283, 2546-2551.
36. Friedman, G. D., Tekawa, I., Grimm, R. H., Manolio, T., Shannon, S. G., & Sidney, S. (1990). The leucocyte count: correlates and relationship to coronary risk factors: The CARDIA study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 19, 889-893.
37. Antzelevitch, C., Brugada, P., Borggrefe, M., et al. (2005). Brugada syndrome: Report of the second consensus conference: Endorsed by the heart rhythm society and the European heart rhythm association. Circulation, 111, 659-670.
38. Brugada, P., Brugada, J., & Brugada, R. (2000). Arrhythmia induction by antiarrhythmic drugs. Pacing and Clinical Electro-physiology, 23, 291-292.
39. Brugada, R., Brugada, J., Antzelevitch, C., et al. (2000). Sodium channel blockers identify risk for sudden death in patients with ST-segment elevation and right bundle branch block but structurally normal hearts. Circulation, 101, 510-515.
40. Antzelevitch, C., & Brugada, R. (2002). Fever and Brugada syndrome. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 25, 1537-1539.
41. Shimizu, W., Antzelevitch, C., Suyama, K., et al. (2000). Effect of sodium channel blockers on ST segment, QRS duration, and corrected QT interval in patients with Brugada syndrome. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 11, 1320-1329.
42. Jones, R. T., Benowitz, N. L., & Herning, R. I. (1981). Clinical relevance of cannabis tolerance and dependence. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 21, 143S-152S.
43. Mittleman, M. A., Mintzer, D., Maclure, M., Tofler, G. H., Sherwood, J. B., & Muller, J. E. (1999). Triggering of myocardial infarction by cocaine. Circulation, 99, 2737-2741.
44. Renault, P. F., Schuster, C. R., Heinrich, R., & Freeman, D. X. (1971). Marihuana: Standardized smoke administration and dose effect curves on heart rate in humans. Science, 174, 589-591.
45. Davies, M. J., & Thomas, A. C. (1985). Plaque fissuring - The cause of acute myocardial infarction, sudden ischaemic death, and crescendo angina. British Heart Journal, 53, 363-373.
46. Pacher, P., Batkai, S., & Kunos, G. (2006). The endocannabinoid system as an emerging target of pharmacotherapy. Pharmacological Reviews, 58, 389-462.
47. Pacher, P., & Steffens, S. (2009). The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular disease. Semin Immunopathol, 31, 63-77.
48. Izzo, A. A., Borrelli, F., Capasso, R., Di Marzo, V., & Mec-houlam, R. (2009). Non-psychotropic plant cannabinoids: New therapeutic opportunities from an ancient herb. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 30, 515-527.
49. Rudz, R., Baranowska, U., & Malinowska, B. (2008). Function of cannabinoids in heart failure. Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej (Online), 62, 174-184.
50. Shimizu, A. (2010). Is this a philosophic issue? Do patients with drug-induced Brugada type ECG have poor prognosis? (Pro). Circulation Journal, 74, 2455-2463.