메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 8359-8377

Organic bee pollen: Botanical origin, nutritional value, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and microbiological quality

Author keywords

Antioxidant capacity; Bee pollen; Bioactive compound; Fatty acids; Microbiological safety; Organic food

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; FATTY ACID; FLAVONOID; ORGANIC COMPOUND; PHENOL DERIVATIVE; WATER;

EID: 84864587825     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14203049     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/molecules17078359     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (220)

References (52)
  • 2
    • 33745345643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial activities of Turkish pollen and propolis extracts against plant bacterial pathogens
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.08.027, PII S0260877405005819
    • Basim, E.; Basim, H.; Ozcan, M. Antibacterial activities of Turkish pollen and propolis extracts against plant bacterial pathogens. J. Food Eng. 2006, 77, 992-996. (Pubitemid 43947369)
    • (2006) Journal of Food Engineering , vol.77 , Issue.4 , pp. 992-996
    • Basim, E.1    Basim, H.2    Ozcan, M.3
  • 3
    • 1842580886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 by Pollen and Propolis Extracts
    • DOI 10.1089/109662004322984806
    • Ozcan, M. Inhibition of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 by pollen and propolis extracts. J. Med. Food 2004, 7, 114-116. (Pubitemid 38445932)
    • (2004) Journal of Medicinal Food , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 114-116
    • Ozcan, M.1
  • 4
    • 79953042818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honeybee-collected pollen from five portuguese natural parks: Palynological origin, phenolic content, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity
    • Morais, M.; Moreira, L.; Feas, X.; Estevinho, L.M. Honeybee-collected pollen from five portuguese natural parks: Palynological origin, phenolic content, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2011, 49, 1096-1101.
    • (2011) Food Chem. Toxicol , vol.49 , pp. 1096-1101
    • Morais, M.1    Moreira, L.2    Feas, X.3    Estevinho, L.M.4
  • 5
    • 85044700296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of bee pollen extract on glutathione system activity in mice liver under X-ray irradiation
    • Bevzo, V.; Grygor'eva, N.P. Effect of bee pollen extract on glutathione system activity in mice liver under X-ray irradiation. Ukr. Biokhim. Zh. 1997, 69, 115-117.
    • (1997) Ukr. Biokhim. Zh , vol.69 , pp. 115-117
    • Bevzo, V.1    Grygor'eva, N.P.2
  • 6
    • 58149280237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of carbaryl on some biochemical changes in rats: The ameliorative effect of bee pollen
    • Eraslan, G.; Kanbur, M.; Silici, S. Effect of carbaryl on some biochemical changes in rats: The ameliorative effect of bee pollen. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2009, 47, 86-91.
    • (2009) Food Chem. Toxicol , vol.47 , pp. 86-91
    • Eraslan, G.1    Kanbur, M.2    Silici, S.3
  • 7
    • 77955555367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiestrogenic and antigenotoxic activity of bee pollen from Cystus incanus and Salix alba as evaluated by the yeast estrogen screen and the micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes
    • Pinto, B.; Cagiagli, F.; Riccio, E.; Reali, D.; Saric, A.; Balog, T.; Likic, S.; Scarpato, R. Antiestrogenic and antigenotoxic activity of bee pollen from Cystus incanus and Salix alba as evaluated by the yeast estrogen screen and the micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2010, 45, 4122-4128.
    • (2010) Eur. J. Med. Chem , vol.45 , pp. 4122-4128
    • Pinto, B.1    Cagiagli, F.2    Riccio, E.3    Reali, D.4    Saric, A.5    Balog, T.6    Likic, S.7    Scarpato, R.8
  • 8
    • 0029034722 scopus 로고
    • Antitumour potential of pollen extract on lewis lung carcinoma implaned intraperitoneally in syngeneic mice
    • Furusawa, E.; Chou, S.C.; Hirazumi, A.; Melera, A. Antitumour potential of pollen extract on lewis lung carcinoma implaned intraperitoneally in syngeneic mice. Phytother. Res. 1995, 9, 255-259.
    • (1995) Phytother. Res , vol.9 , pp. 255-259
    • Furusawa, E.1    Chou, S.C.2    Hirazumi, A.3    Melera, A.4
  • 9
    • 77953692233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory effect of bee pollen ethanol extract from Cistus sp of Spanish on carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema
    • doi:10.1186/1472-6882-10-30
    • Maruyama, H.; Sakamoto, T.; Araki, Y.; Hara, H. Anti-inflammatory effect of bee pollen ethanol extract from Cistus sp of Spanish on carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2010, 10, doi:10.1186/1472- 6882-10-30.
    • (2010) BMC Complement. Altern. Med , vol.10
    • Maruyama, H.1    Sakamoto, T.2    Araki, Y.3    Hara, H.4
  • 10
    • 84864623288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bogdanov, S. Pollen: Nutrition, Functional Properties, Health: A Review. Bee Product Science, 2011.Available online: (accessed on 11 May 2012)
    • Bogdanov, S. Pollen: Nutrition, Functional Properties, Health: A Review. Bee Product Science, 2011.Available online: http://www.bee-hexagon.net/files/ file/fileE/Health/PollenBook2Review.pdf (accessed on 11 May 2012).
  • 11
    • 77955569611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palynological and physicochemical data characterisation of honeys produced in the Entre-Douro e Minho region of Portugal
    • Feas, X.; Pires, J.; Estevinho, M.L.; Iglesias, A.; Pinto de Araujo, J.P. Palynological and physicochemical data characterisation of honeys produced in the Entre-Douro e Minho region of Portugal. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2010, 45, 1255-1262.
    • (2010) Int. J. Food Sci. Technol , vol.45 , pp. 1255-1262
    • Feas, X.1    Pires, J.2    Estevinho, M.L.3    Iglesias, A.4    De Araujo, J.P.P.5
  • 12
    • 78049425635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of artisanal honey produced on the Northwest of Portugal by melissopalynological and physico-chemical data
    • Feas, X.; Pires, J.; Iglesias, A.; Estevinho, M.L. Characterization of artisanal honey produced on the Northwest of Portugal by melissopalynological and physico-chemical data. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2010, 48, 3462-3470.
    • (2010) Food Chem. Toxicol , vol.48 , pp. 3462-3470
    • Feas, X.1    Pires, J.2    Iglesias, A.3    Estevinho, M.L.4
  • 13
    • 0003184981 scopus 로고
    • EU. Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora
    • EU. Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Off. J. Eur. Commun. L 1992, 206, 7-50.
    • (1992) Off. J. Eur. Commun L. , Issue.206 , pp. 7-50
  • 14
    • 67349226158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU. Council Directive 834/ 2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products
    • EU. Council Directive 834/2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products. Off. J. Eur. Commun. L 2007, 189, 1-23.
    • (2007) Off. J. Eur. Commun. L , vol.189 , pp. 1-23
  • 15
    • 80054057432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of the in vitro antifungal activity of heather (Erica Sp.) organic honey
    • Feas, X.; Estevinho, L.M. A survey of the in vitro antifungal activity of heather (Erica Sp.) organic honey. J. Med. Food 2011, 14, 1-5.
    • (2011) J. Med. Food , vol.14 , pp. 1-5
    • Feas, X.1    Estevinho, L.M.2
  • 16
    • 33846200782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromatographic-based methods for pesticide determination in honey: An overview
    • DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.05.033, PII S0039914006003584
    • Rial-Otero, R.; Gaspar, E.M.; Moura, I.; Capelo, J.L. Chromatographic-based methods for pesticide determination in honey: An overview. Talanta 2007, 71, 503-514. (Pubitemid 46108951)
    • (2007) Talanta , vol.71 , Issue.2 , pp. 503-514
    • Rial-Otero, R.1    Gaspar, E.M.2    Moura, I.3    Capelo, J.L.4
  • 18
    • 32244432377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anabolic effects of bee pollen Cistus ladaniferus extract on bone components in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues of rats in vitro and in vivo
    • Yamaguchi, M.; Hamamoto, R.; Uchiyama, S.; Ishiyama, K.; Hashimoto, K. Anabolic effects of bee pollen Cistus ladaniferus extract on bone components in the femoral diaphyseal and metaphyseal tissues of rats in vitro and in vivo. J. Health Sci. 2006, 52, 43-49. (Pubitemid 43212173)
    • (2006) Journal of Health Science , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-49
    • Yamaguchi, M.1    Hamamoto, R.2    Uchiyama, S.3    Ishiyama, K.4    Hashimoto, K.5
  • 19
    • 33744735644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effects of bee pollen Cistus ladaniferus extract on bone resorption in femoral tissues and osteoclast-like cell formation in bone marrow cells in vitro
    • DOI 10.1248/jhs.52.268
    • Hamamoto, R.; Ishiyama, K.; Yamaguchi, M. Inhibitory effects of bee pollen Cistus ladaniferus extract on bone resorption in femoral tissues and osteoclast-like cell formation in bone marrow cells in vitro. J. Health Sci. 2006, 52, 268-275. (Pubitemid 43824819)
    • (2006) Journal of Health Science , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 268-275
    • Hamamoto, R.1    Ishiyama, K.2    Yamaguchi, M.3
  • 20
    • 34047104461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventive effects of bee pollen Cistus ladaniferus extract on bone loss in streptozotocin-diabetic rats in vivo
    • DOI 10.1248/jhs.53.190
    • Yamaguchi, M.; Hamamoto, R.; Uchiyama, S.; Ishiyama, K.; Hashimoto, K. Preventive effects of bee pollen Cistus ladaniferus extract in bone loss in streptozotocin-diabetic rats in vivo. J. Health Sci. 2007, 53, 190-195. (Pubitemid 46515162)
    • (2007) Journal of Health Science , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 190-195
    • Yamaguchi, M.1    Hamamoto, R.2    Uchiyama, S.3    Ishiyama, K.4    Hashimoto, K.5
  • 21
    • 70350464204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-soluble components of honeybee collected pollen exert antiallergic effect by inhibiting IgE-mediated mast cell activation in vivo
    • Ishikawa, Y.; Tokura, T.; Ushio, H.; Niyonsaba, F.; Yamamoto, Y.; Tadokoro, T.; Ogawa, H.; Okumura, K. Lipid-soluble components of honeybee collected pollen exert antiallergic effect by inhibiting IgE-mediated mast cell activation in vivo. Phytother. Res. 2009, 23, 1581-1586.
    • (2009) Phytother. Res , vol.23 , pp. 1581-1586
    • Ishikawa, Y.1    Tokura, T.2    Ushio, H.3    Niyonsaba, F.4    Yamamoto, Y.5    Tadokoro, T.6    Ogawa, H.7    Okumura, K.8
  • 22
    • 0036210696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scavenging capacities of pollen extracts from cistus ladaniferus on autoxidation, superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and DPPH radicals
    • DOI 10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00400-6, PII S0271531701004006
    • Nagai, T.; Inoue, R.; Inoue, H.; Suzuki, N. Scavenging capacities of pollen extracts from cistus ladaniferus on autoxidation, superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and DPPH radicals. Nutr. Res. 2002, 22, 519-526. (Pubitemid 34273486)
    • (2002) Nutrition Research , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 519-526
    • Nagai, T.1    Inoue, R.2    Inoue, H.3    Suzuki, N.4
  • 23
    • 23044438038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidative ability in a linoleic acid oxidation system and scavenging abilities against active oxygen species of enzymatic hydrolysates from pollen
    • Nagai, T.; Inoue, R.; Suzuki, N.; Myoda, T.; Nagashima, T. Antioxidative ability in a linoleic acid oxidation system and scavenging abilities against active oxygen species of enzymatic hydrolysates from pollen Cistus ladaniferus. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2005, 15, 259-263.
    • (2005) Cistus Ladaniferus. Int. J. Mol. Med , vol.15 , pp. 259-263
    • Nagai, T.1    Inoue, R.2    Suzuki, N.3    Myoda, T.4    Nagashima, T.5
  • 24
    • 79960182169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical composition and free radical scavenging activity of Apis mellifera bee pollen from Southern Brazil
    • Carpes, S.T.; Mourao, G.B.; de Alencar, S.M.; Masson, M.L. Chemical composition and free radical scavenging activity of Apis mellifera bee pollen from Southern Brazil. Braz. J. Food Technol. 2009, 12, 220-229.
    • (2009) Braz. J. Food Technol , vol.12 , pp. 220-229
    • Carpes, S.T.1    Mourao, G.B.2    De Alencar, S.M.3    Masson, M.L.4
  • 25
    • 0642367384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient composition and microbiological quality of honeybee-collected pollen in spain
    • Bonvehi, J.S.; Jorda, R.E. Nutrient composition and microbiological quality of honeybee-collected pollen in Spain. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997, 45, 725-732. (Pubitemid 127483696)
    • (1997) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 725-732
    • Bonvehi, J.S.1    Jorda, R.E.2
  • 26
    • 79956115067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of water content in Brazilian honeybee-collected pollen by Karl
    • Fischer titration
    • Morgano, M.A.; Milani, R.F.; Martins, M.C.T.; Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B. Determination of water content in Brazilian honeybee-collected pollen by Karl Fischer titration. Food Control 2011, 22, 1604-1608.
    • (2011) Food Control , vol.22 , pp. 1604-1608
    • Morgano, M.A.1    Milani, R.F.2    Martins, M.C.T.3    Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B.4
  • 27
    • 84864588846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical composition and nutritional value of palm pollen grains
    • Hassan, H.M.M. Chemical composition and nutritional value of palm pollen grains. Global J. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2011, 6, 1-7.
    • (2011) Global J. Biotechnol. Biochem , vol.6 , pp. 1-7
    • Hassan, H.M.M.1
  • 28
    • 33744794889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and nutrition: A common path toward global food security and sustainable development
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.05.001, PII S0889157506000755
    • Toledo, I.; Burlingame, B. Biodiversity and nutrition: A common path toward global food security and sustainable development. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2006, 19, 477-483. (Pubitemid 43827554)
    • (2006) Journal of Food Composition and Analysis , vol.19 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 477-483
    • Toledo, A.1    Burlingame, B.2
  • 29
    • 0000433987 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical studies of bee-collected pollen in Egypt 2. Fatty acids and non saponifiables
    • Shawer, M.B.; Au, S.M.; Abdellatif, M.A.; El-Refai, A.A. Biochemical studies of bee-collected pollen in Egypt 2. Fatty acids and non saponifiables. J. Apicult. Res. 1987, 26, 133-136.
    • (1987) J. Apicult. Res , vol.26 , pp. 133-136
    • Shawer, M.B.1    Au, S.M.2    Abdellatif, M.A.3    El-Refai, A.A.4
  • 30
    • 65249132487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-chain fatty acids composition of honeybee-collected pollen
    • Szcz?sna, T. Long-chain fatty acids composition of honeybee-collected pollen. J. Apicult. Sci. 2006, 50, 65-79.
    • (2006) J. Apicult. Sci , vol.50 , pp. 65-79
    • Szczsna, T.1
  • 31
    • 0036752552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in restoring the aging neuronal membrane
    • DOI 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00074-X, PII S019745800200074X
    • Yehuda, S.; Rabinovitz, S.; Carasso, R.L.; Mostofsky, D.I. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in restoring the aging neuronal membrane. Neurobiol. Aging 2002, 23, 843-853. (Pubitemid 35217710)
    • (2002) Neurobiology of Aging , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 843-853
    • Yehuda, S.1    Rabinovitz, S.2    Carasso, R.L.3    Mostofsky, D.I.4
  • 32
    • 0034237584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential fatty acids and the brain: Possible health implications
    • DOI 10.1016/S0736-5748(00)00013-7, PII S0736574800000137
    • Youdim, K.A.; Martin, A.; Joseph, J.A. Essential fatty acids and the brain: Possible halth implications. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 2000, 18, 383-399. (Pubitemid 30244351)
    • (2000) International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience , vol.18 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 383-399
    • Youdim, K.A.1    Martin, A.2    Joseph, J.A.3
  • 33
    • 0030057643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of fatty acids in edible wild plants by gas chromatography
    • DOI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00414-9
    • Guil, J.L.; Torija, M.E.; Giménez, J.J.; Rodriguez, I. Identification of fatty acids in edible wild plants by gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 1996, 719, 229-235. (Pubitemid 26016633)
    • (1996) Journal of Chromatography A , vol.719 , Issue.1 , pp. 229-235
    • Guil, J.L.1    Torija, Ma.E.2    Gimenez, J.J.3    Rodriguez, I.4
  • 34
    • 0037471606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aged induced diminution of free radicals scavenging capacity in bee-pollens and the contribution of constituents favonoids
    • Campos, M.G.; Webby, R.F.; Markham, K.R.; Mitchell, K.A.; Da Cunha, A.P. Aged induced diminution of free radicals scavenging capacity in bee-pollens and the contribution of constituents favonoids. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51, 742-745.
    • (2003) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.51 , pp. 742-745
    • Campos, M.G.1    Webby, R.F.2    Markham, K.R.3    Mitchell, K.A.4    Da Cunha, A.P.5
  • 35
    • 36148968410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of antioxidant properties of persimmon vinegar and some other commercial vinegars in radical-scavenging assays and on lipid oxidation in tuna homogenates
    • DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.080, PII S0308814607008977
    • Sakanaka, S.; Ishihara, Y. Comparison of antioxidant properties of persimmon vinegar and some other commercial vinegars in radical-scavenging assays and on lipid oxidation tuna homogenates. Food Chem. 2008, 107, 739-744. (Pubitemid 350116378)
    • (2008) Food Chemistry , vol.107 , Issue.2 , pp. 739-744
    • Sakanaka, S.1    Ishihara, Y.2
  • 39
    • 60249084775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant activity of Portuguese honey samples: Different contributions of the entire honey and phenolic extract
    • Ferreira, I.C.F.R.; Aires, E.; Barreira, J.C.M.; Estevinho, L.M. Antioxidant activity of Portuguese honey samples: Different contributions of the entire honey and phenolic extract. Food Chem. 2009, 114, 1438-1443.
    • (2009) Food Chem , vol.114 , pp. 1438-1443
    • Ferreira, I.C.F.R.1    Aires, E.2    Barreira, J.C.M.3    Estevinho, L.M.4
  • 40
    • 0642367384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient composition and micrnbiological quality of honeybee-collected pollen in Spain
    • Serra, J.; Escola, R. Nutrient composition and micrnbiological quality of honeybee-collected pollen in Spain. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997, 45, 725-732.
    • (1997) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.45 , pp. 725-732
    • Serra, J.1    Escola, R.2
  • 41
    • 84855879340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiologica e Fisico-Quimica do Polen Apicola in Natura e Desidratado sob Diferentes Temperaturas
    • Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
    • Hervatin, H.L. Microbiologica e Fisico-Quimica do Polen Apicola in Natura e Desidratado sob Diferentes Temperaturas. Tese de Mestrado em Ciencia de Alimentos. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil, 2009.
    • (2009) Tese de Mestrado em Ciencia de Alimentos
    • Hervatin, H.L.1
  • 42
    • 75749096540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of changing of colony structure on trapped pollen
    • Bratkowski, J.; Wilde, J. Effect of changing of colony structure on trapped pollen. J. Apicult. Sci. 2003, 47, 11-19.
    • (2003) J. Apicult. Sci , vol.47 , pp. 11-19
    • Bratkowski, J.1    Wilde, J.2
  • 44
    • 0003774106 scopus 로고
    • Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC)
    • 16th ed.; AOAC: Arlington, VA, USA
    • Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed.; AOAC: Arlington, VA, USA, 1995.
    • (1995) Official Methods of Analysis
  • 45
    • 0003885591 scopus 로고
    • Energy value of foods, basis and derivation
    • United States Department of Agriculture: Washington DC, USA
    • Merill, A.L.; Watt, B.K. Energy Value of Foods, Basis and Derivation. In Agriculture Handbook, Volume 74; United States Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA, 1995.
    • (1995) Agriculture Handbook 74
    • Merill, A.L.1    Watt, B.K.2
  • 46
    • 54449094246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant properties, total phenols and pollen analysis of propolis samples from Portugal
    • Moreira, L.; Dias, L.G.; Pereira, J.A.; Estevinho, L. Antioxidant properties, total phenols and pollen analysis of propolis samples from Portugal. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008, 46, 3482-3485.
    • (2008) Food Chem. Toxicol , vol.46 , pp. 3482-3485
    • Moreira, L.1    Dias, L.G.2    Pereira, J.A.3    Estevinho, L.4
  • 47
    • 74649087125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicochemical microbiological and antimicrobial properties of commercial honeys from Portugal
    • Gomes, S.; Dias, L.; Moreira, L.; Rodrigues, P.; Estevinho, L. Physicochemical, microbiological and antimicrobial properties of commercial honeys from Portugal. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2010, 48, 544-548.
    • (2010) Food Chem. Toxicol , vol.48 , pp. 544-548
    • Gomes, S.1    Dias, L.2    Moreira, L.3    Rodrigues, P.4    Estevinho, L.5
  • 48
    • 34548578451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO 21527-2:2008. Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs-Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Yeasts and Moulds-Part 2: Colony Count Technique in Products with Water Activity Less Than or Equal to 0.95
    • ISO 21527-2:2008. Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs-Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Yeasts and Moulds-Part 2: Colony Count Technique in Products with Water Activity Less Than or Equal to 0.95. International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2008.
    • (2008) International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 49
    • 34548578451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO 4831:2006. Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs-Horizontal Method for the Detection and Enumeration of Coliforms-Most Probable Number Technique., Geneva, Switzerland
    • ISO 4831:2006. Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs-Horizontal Method for the Detection and Enumeration of Coliforms-Most Probable Number Technique. International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2006.
    • (2006) International Standards Organization
  • 50
    • 84864602197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO 6579:2002(E). Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs-Horizontal Method for the Detection of Salmonella spp. International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2002
    • ISO 6579:2002(E). Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs-Horizontal Method for the Detection of Salmonella spp. International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2002.
  • 51
    • 84864609759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NP 4400-1:2002. Microbiologia Alimentar. Regras gerais para contagem de Estafilococos coagulase positiva (Staphylococcus aureus e outras espécies)., Instituto Portugues da Qualidade, Caparica, Portugal
    • NP 4400-1:2002. Microbiologia Alimentar. Regras gerais para contagem de Estafilococos coagulase positiva (Staphylococcus aureus e outras espécies). Parte 1: Técnica com confirmacao de colonias (método corrente). Instituto Portugues da Qualidade, Caparica, Portugal, 2002.
    • (2002) Parte 1: Técnica Com Confirmacao de Colonias (Método Corrente)
  • 52
    • 84864598436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU. Council Directive 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. Off
    • EU. Council Directive 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. Off. J. Eur. Commun. L 2007, 404, 12-17.
    • (2007) Off. J. Eur. Commun. L , vol.404 , pp. 12-17


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.