메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 603-619

G protein-coupled receptors for energy metabolites as new therapeutic targets

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGENTS INTERACTING WITH TRANSMITTER, HORMONE OR DRUG RECEPTORS; AMG 837; CITRIC ACID CYCLE INTERMEDIATE RECEPTOR; FREE FATTY ACID RECEPTOR 2; FREE FATTY ACID RECEPTOR 3; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR 120; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR 84; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1; HYDROXYCARBOXYLIC ACID RECEPTOR 1; HYDROXYCARBOXYLIC ACID RECEPTOR 2; LAROPIPRANT; MK 0354; MK 1903; MK 6892; NICOTINIC ACID; OXOGLUTARATE RECEPTOR 1; PLACEBO; PYRAZOLE; PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVE; RECEPTOR PROTEIN; SUCCINATE RECEPTOR 1; TAK 875; TASTE RECEPTOR TYPE 1 MEMBER 2; TASTE RECEPTOR TYPE 1 MEMBER 3; TUG 469; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84864541097     PISSN: 14741776     EISSN: 14741784     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrd3777     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (208)

References (254)
  • 2
    • 34147137118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seven transmembrane receptors: Something old, something new
    • Lefkowitz, R. J. Seven transmembrane receptors: something old, something new. Acta Physiol. (Oxf.) 190, 9-19 (2007).
    • (2007) Acta Physiol. (Oxf.) , vol.190 , pp. 9-19
    • Lefkowitz, R.J.1
  • 3
    • 34548439826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do receptors activate G proteins?
    • Oldham, W. M. & Hamm, H. E. How do receptors activate G proteins? Adv. Protein Chem. 74, 67-93 (2007).
    • (2007) Adv. Protein Chem. , vol.74 , pp. 67-93
    • Oldham, W.M.1    Hamm, H.E.2
  • 4
    • 25444482429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian G proteins and their cell type specific functions
    • Wettschureck, N. & Offermanns, S. Mammalian G proteins and their cell type specific functions. Physiol. Rev. 85, 1159-1204 (2005).
    • (2005) Physiol. Rev. , vol.85 , pp. 1159-1204
    • Wettschureck, N.1    Offermanns, S.2
  • 5
    • 72049114437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The skinny on fat: Lipolysis and fatty acid utilization in adipocytes
    • Ahmadian, M., Duncan, R. E. & Sul, H. S. The skinny on fat: lipolysis and fatty acid utilization in adipocytes. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 20, 424-428 (2009).
    • (2009) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.20 , pp. 424-428
    • Ahmadian, M.1    Duncan, R.E.2    Sul, H.S.3
  • 6
    • 77949325740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis revisited
    • Bezaire, V. & Langin, D. Regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis revisited. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 68, 350-360 (2009).
    • (2009) Proc. Nutr. Soc. , vol.68 , pp. 350-360
    • Bezaire, V.1    Langin, D.2
  • 7
    • 67349176115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Islet G protein-coupled receptors as potential targets for treatment of type 2 diabetes
    • Ahren, B. Islet G protein-coupled receptors as potential targets for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Nature Rev. Drug. Discov. 8, 369-385 (2009).
    • (2009) Nature Rev. Drug. Discov. , vol.8 , pp. 369-385
    • Ahren, B.1
  • 8
    • 56749154840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A gut feeling for obesity: 7TM sensors on enteroendocrine cells
    • Engelstoft, M. S., Egerod, K. L., Holst, B. & Schwartz, T. W. A gut feeling for obesity: 7TM sensors on enteroendocrine cells. Cell. Metab. 8, 447-449 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell. Metab. , vol.8 , pp. 447-449
    • Engelstoft, M.S.1    Egerod, K.L.2    Holst, B.3    Schwartz, T.W.4
  • 9
    • 84859478593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G-protein-coupled receptors in intestinal chemosensation
    • Reimann, F., Tolhurst, G. & Gribble, F. M. G-protein-coupled receptors in intestinal chemosensation. Cell. Metab. 15, 421-431 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell. Metab. , vol.15 , pp. 421-431
    • Reimann, F.1    Tolhurst, G.2    Gribble, F.M.3
  • 10
    • 69249205739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity, inflammation, and atherosclerosis
    • Rocha, V. Z. & Libby, P. Obesity, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Nature Rev. Cardiol. 6, 399-409 (2009).
    • (2009) Nature Rev. Cardiol. , vol.6 , pp. 399-409
    • Rocha, V.Z.1    Libby, P.2
  • 11
    • 79957920754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease
    • Lumeng, C. N. & Saltiel, A. R. Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease. J. Clin. Invest. 121, 2111-2117 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.121 , pp. 2111-2117
    • Lumeng, C.N.1    Saltiel, A.R.2
  • 12
    • 77951918926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophages, inflammation, and insulin resistance
    • Olefsky, J. M. & Glass, C. K. Macrophages, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 72, 219-246 (2010).
    • (2010) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.72 , pp. 219-246
    • Olefsky, J.M.1    Glass, C.K.2
  • 13
    • 84857985148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cellular and signaling networks linking the immune system and metabolism in disease
    • Osborn, O. & Olefsky, J. M. The cellular and signaling networks linking the immune system and metabolism in disease. Nature Med. 18, 363-374 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature Med. , vol.18 , pp. 363-374
    • Osborn, O.1    Olefsky, J.M.2
  • 14
    • 0344823647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The receptors for mammalian sweet and umami taste
    • Zhao, G. Q. et al. The receptors for mammalian sweet and umami taste. Cell 115, 255-266 (2003).
    • (2003) Cell , vol.115 , pp. 255-266
    • Zhao, G.Q.1
  • 15
    • 79953899942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allosteric modulation of family C G-protein-coupled receptors: From molecular insights to therapeutic perspectives
    • Urwyler, S. Allosteric modulation of family C G-protein-coupled receptors: from molecular insights to therapeutic perspectives. Pharmacol. Rev. 63, 59-126 (2011).
    • (2011) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.63 , pp. 59-126
    • Urwyler, S.1
  • 16
    • 0035839040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian sweet taste receptors
    • Nelson, G. et al. Mammalian sweet taste receptors. Cell 106, 381-390 (2001).
    • (2001) Cell , vol.106 , pp. 381-390
    • Nelson, G.1
  • 17
    • 0037007027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human receptors for sweet and umami taste
    • Li, X. et al. Human receptors for sweet and umami taste. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 4692-4696 (2002).
    • (2002) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 4692-4696
    • Li, X.1
  • 18
    • 80054799073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sweet taste of true synergy: Positive allosteric modulation of the human sweet taste receptor
    • Servant, G., Tachdjian, C., Li, X. & Karanewsky, D. S. The sweet taste of true synergy: positive allosteric modulation of the human sweet taste receptor. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 32, 631-636 (2011).
    • (2011) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 631-636
    • Servant, G.1    Tachdjian, C.2    Li, X.3    Karanewsky, D.S.4
  • 19
    • 27644568166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct contributions of T1R2 and T1R3 taste receptor subunits to the detection of sweet stimuli
    • Nie, Y., Vigues, S., Hobbs, J. R., Conn, G. L. & Munger, S. D. Distinct contributions of T1R2 and T1R3 taste receptor subunits to the detection of sweet stimuli. Curr. Biol. 15, 1948-1952 (2005).
    • (2005) Curr. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 1948-1952
    • Nie, Y.1    Vigues, S.2    Hobbs, J.R.3    Conn, G.L.4    Munger, S.D.5
  • 20
    • 4644308014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different functional roles of T1R subunits in the heteromeric taste receptors
    • Xu, H. et al. Different functional roles of T1R subunits in the heteromeric taste receptors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 14258-14263 (2004).
    • (2004) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.101 , pp. 14258-14263
    • Xu, H.1
  • 21
    • 26644458124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the cyclamate interaction site within the transmembrane domain of the human sweet taste receptor subunit T1R3
    • Jiang, P. et al. Identification of the cyclamate interaction site within the transmembrane domain of the human sweet taste receptor subunit T1R3. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 34296-34305 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.280 , pp. 34296-34305
    • Jiang, P.1
  • 22
    • 79960969598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanism of species-dependent sweet taste toward artificial sweeteners
    • Liu, B. et al. Molecular mechanism of species-dependent sweet taste toward artificial sweeteners. J. Neurosci. 31, 11070-11076 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Neurosci. , vol.31 , pp. 11070-11076
    • Liu, B.1
  • 23
    • 58549099473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanism for the umami taste synergism
    • Zhang, F. et al. Molecular mechanism for the umami taste synergism. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 20930-20934 (2008).
    • (2008) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , pp. 20930-20934
    • Zhang, F.1
  • 24
    • 0037423367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: Different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways
    • Zhang, Y. et al. Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways. Cell 112, 293-301 (2003).
    • (2003) Cell , vol.112 , pp. 293-301
    • Zhang, Y.1
  • 25
    • 35448986920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut-expressed gustducin and taste receptors regulate secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1
    • Jang, H. J. et al. Gut-expressed gustducin and taste receptors regulate secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 15069-15074 (2007).
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 15069-15074
    • Jang, H.J.1
  • 26
    • 68649103260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T1r3 and alpha-gustducin in gut regulate secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1
    • Kokrashvili, Z., Mosinger, B. & Margolskee, R. F. T1r3 and alpha-gustducin in gut regulate secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1170, 91-94 (2009).
    • (2009) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.1170 , pp. 91-94
    • Kokrashvili, Z.1    Mosinger, B.2    Margolskee, R.F.3
  • 28
    • 35448995622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T1R3 and gustducin in gut sense sugars to regulate expression of Na+glucose cotransporter 1
    • Margolskee, R. F. et al. T1R3 and gustducin in gut sense sugars to regulate expression of Na+glucose cotransporter 1. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 15075-15080 (2007).
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 15075-15080
    • Margolskee, R.F.1
  • 29
    • 56449093424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose sensing in l-cells: A primary cell study
    • Reimann, F. et al. Glucose sensing in l-cells: a primary cell study. Cell. Metab. 8, 532-539 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell. Metab. , vol.8 , pp. 532-539
    • Reimann, F.1
  • 30
    • 33845865790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taste-signaling proteins are coexpressed in solitary intestinal epithelial cells
    • Bezencon, C., le Coutre, J. & Damak, S. Taste-signaling proteins are coexpressed in solitary intestinal epithelial cells. Chem. Senses 32, 41-49 (2007).
    • (2007) Chem. Senses , vol.32 , pp. 41-49
    • Bezencon, C.1    Le Coutre, J.2    Damak, S.3
  • 31
    • 77953065317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms underlying nutrient-stimulated incretin secretion
    • Parker, H. E., Reimann, F. & Gribble, F. M. Molecular mechanisms underlying nutrient-stimulated incretin secretion. Expert. Rev. Mol. Med. 12, e1 (2010).
    • (2010) Expert. Rev. Mol. Med. , vol.12
    • Parker, H.E.1    Reimann, F.2    Gribble, F.M.3
  • 32
    • 84857426294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sweet taste receptor signaling in beta cells mediates fructose-induced potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
    • Kyriazis, G. A., Soundarapandian, M. M. & Tyrberg, B. Sweet taste receptor signaling in beta cells mediates fructose-induced potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, E524-E532 (2012).
    • (2012) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.109
    • Kyriazis, G.A.1    Soundarapandian, M.M.2    Tyrberg, B.3
  • 34
    • 77949529410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive allosteric modulators of the human sweet taste receptor enhance sweet taste
    • Servant, G. et al. Positive allosteric modulators of the human sweet taste receptor enhance sweet taste. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 4746-4751 (2010).
    • (2010) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.107 , pp. 4746-4751
    • Servant, G.1
  • 35
    • 77949531914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanism of the sweet taste enhancers
    • Zhang, F. et al. Molecular mechanism of the sweet taste enhancers. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 4752-4757 (2010).
    • (2010) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.107 , pp. 4752-4757
    • Zhang, F.1
  • 36
    • 17644389240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactisole interacts with the transmembrane domains of human T1R3 to inhibit sweet taste
    • Jiang, P. et al. Lactisole interacts with the transmembrane domains of human T1R3 to inhibit sweet taste. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 15238-15246 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.280 , pp. 15238-15246
    • Jiang, P.1
  • 37
    • 0037636366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiology of cellular liporegulation
    • Unger, R. H. The physiology of cellular liporegulation. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 65, 333-347 (2003).
    • (2003) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.65 , pp. 333-347
    • Unger, R.H.1
  • 38
    • 80955180014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free fatty acid receptors FFAR1 and GPR120 as novel therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders
    • Hara, T., Hirasawa, A., Ichimura, A., Kimura, I. & Tsujimoto, G. Free fatty acid receptors FFAR1 and GPR120 as novel therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders. J. Pharm. Sci. 100, 3594-3601 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.100 , pp. 3594-3601
    • Hara, T.1    Hirasawa, A.2    Ichimura, A.3    Kimura, I.4    Tsujimoto, G.5
  • 39
    • 0037838892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR40 is activated by medium and long chain fatty acids
    • Briscoe, C. P. et al. The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR40 is activated by medium and long chain fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 11303-11311 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 11303-11311
    • Briscoe, C.P.1
  • 40
    • 0037434991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells through GPR40
    • Itoh, Y. et al. Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells through GPR40. Nature 422, 173-176 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 173-176
    • Itoh, Y.1
  • 41
    • 0037423719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human cell surface receptor activated by free fatty acids and thiazolidinedione drugs
    • Kotarsky, K., Nilsson, N. E., Flodgren, E., Owman, C. & Olde, B. A human cell surface receptor activated by free fatty acids and thiazolidinedione drugs. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 301, 406-410 (2003).
    • (2003) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.301 , pp. 406-410
    • Kotarsky, K.1    Nilsson, N.E.2    Flodgren, E.3    Owman, C.4    Olde, B.5
  • 42
    • 52749098923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gpr40 is expressed in enteroendocrine cells and mediates free fatty acid stimulation of incretin secretion
    • Edfalk, S., Steneberg, P. & Edlund, H. Gpr40 is expressed in enteroendocrine cells and mediates free fatty acid stimulation of incretin secretion. Diabetes 57, 2280-2287 (2008).
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 2280-2287
    • Edfalk, S.1    Steneberg, P.2    Edlund, H.3
  • 43
    • 36049012236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against GPR40 (FFAR1; Free fatty acid receptor 1)
    • Hirasawa, A. et al. Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against GPR40 (FFAR1; free fatty acid receptor 1). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 365, 22-28 (2008).
    • (2008) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.365 , pp. 22-28
    • Hirasawa, A.1
  • 44
    • 77954134133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taste preference for fatty acids is mediated by GPR40 and GPR120
    • Cartoni, C. et al. Taste preference for fatty acids is mediated by GPR40 and GPR120. J. Neurosci. 30, 8376-8382 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Neurosci. , vol.30 , pp. 8376-8382
    • Cartoni, C.1
  • 45
    • 34547590401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of free fatty acid receptor GPR40 in the central nervous system of adult monkeys
    • Ma, D. et al. Expression of free fatty acid receptor GPR40 in the central nervous system of adult monkeys. Neurosci. Res. 58, 394-401 (2007).
    • (2007) Neurosci. Res. , vol.58 , pp. 394-401
    • Ma, D.1
  • 46
    • 33646395425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the gene for a membrane-bound fatty acid receptor in the pancreas and islet cell tumours in humans: Evidence for GPR40 expression in pancreatic beta cells and implications for insulin secretion
    • Tomita, T. et al. Expression of the gene for a membrane-bound fatty acid receptor in the pancreas and islet cell tumours in humans: evidence for GPR40 expression in pancreatic beta cells and implications for insulin secretion. Diabetologia 49, 962-968 (2006).
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.49 , pp. 962-968
    • Tomita, T.1
  • 47
    • 20944433543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The FFA receptor GPR40 links hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis, and impaired glucose homeostasis in mouse
    • Steneberg, P., Rubins, N., Bartoov-Shifman, R., Walker, M. D. & Edlund, H. The FFA receptor GPR40 links hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis, and impaired glucose homeostasis in mouse. Cell. Metab. 1, 245-258 (2005).
    • (2005) Cell. Metab. , vol.1 , pp. 245-258
    • Steneberg, P.1    Rubins, N.2    Bartoov-Shifman, R.3    Walker, M.D.4    Edlund, H.5
  • 48
    • 52249093427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fatty acid receptor GPR40 plays a role in insulin secretion in vivo after high-fat feeding
    • Kebede, M. et al. The fatty acid receptor GPR40 plays a role in insulin secretion in vivo after high-fat feeding. Diabetes 57, 2432-2437 (2008).
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 2432-2437
    • Kebede, M.1
  • 49
    • 50949128408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective small-molecule agonists of G protein-coupled receptor 40 promote glucose-dependent insulin secretion and reduce blood glucose in mice
    • Tan, C. P. et al. Selective small-molecule agonists of G protein-coupled receptor 40 promote glucose-dependent insulin secretion and reduce blood glucose in mice. Diabetes 57, 2211-2219 (2008).
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 2211-2219
    • Tan, C.P.1
  • 50
    • 34047177401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR40 is necessary but not sufficient for fatty acid stimulation of insulin secretion in vivo
    • Latour, M. G. et al. GPR40 is necessary but not sufficient for fatty acid stimulation of insulin secretion in vivo. Diabetes 56, 1087-1094 (2007).
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , pp. 1087-1094
    • Latour, M.G.1
  • 51
    • 33745607930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological regulation of insulin secretion in MIN6 cells through the fatty acid receptor GPR40: Identification of agonist and antagonist small molecules
    • Briscoe, C. P. et al. Pharmacological regulation of insulin secretion in MIN6 cells through the fatty acid receptor GPR40: identification of agonist and antagonist small molecules. Br. J. Pharmacol. 148, 619-628 (2006).
    • (2006) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.148 , pp. 619-628
    • Briscoe, C.P.1
  • 52
    • 34250879091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-aryl-3-(4-phenoxy)-propionic acid as a novel series of G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists
    • Song, F. et al. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-aryl-3-(4-phenoxy)-propionic acid as a novel series of G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists. J. Med. Chem. 50, 2807-2817 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Med. Chem. , vol.50 , pp. 2807-2817
    • Song, F.1
  • 53
    • 65549114432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of GPR40 in pancreatic β-cells augments glucose stimulated insulin secretion and improves glucose tolerance in normal and diabetic mice
    • Nagasumi, K. et al. Overexpression of GPR40 in pancreatic β-cells augments glucose stimulated insulin secretion and improves glucose tolerance in normal and diabetic mice. Diabetes 58, 1067-1076 (2009).
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , pp. 1067-1076
    • Nagasumi, K.1
  • 54
    • 84857126831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose activates free fatty acid receptor 1 gene transcription via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent O-GlcNAcylation of pancreas-duodenum homeobox-1
    • Kebede, M. et al. Glucose activates free fatty acid receptor 1 gene transcription via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent O-GlcNAcylation of pancreas-duodenum homeobox-1. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 2376-2381 (2012).
    • (2012) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.109 , pp. 2376-2381
    • Kebede, M.1
  • 55
    • 33144463383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and activity of small molecule GPR40 agonists
    • Garrido, D. M. et al. Synthesis and activity of small molecule GPR40 agonists. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16, 1840-1845 (2006).
    • (2006) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.16 , pp. 1840-1845
    • Garrido, D.M.1
  • 56
    • 77958099021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity study of dihydrocinnamic acids and discovery of the potent FFA1 (GPR40) agonist TUG-469
    • Christiansen, E. et al. Structure-activity study of dihydrocinnamic acids and discovery of the potent FFA1 (GPR40) agonist TUG-469. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 1, 345-349 (2010).
    • (2010) ACS Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.1 , pp. 345-349
    • Christiansen, E.1
  • 57
    • 80053910894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a potent and selective free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) agonist with favorable physicochemical and in vitro ADME properties
    • Christiansen, E. et al. Identification of a potent and selective free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) agonist with favorable physicochemical and in vitro ADME properties. J. Med. Chem. 54, 6691-6703 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Med. Chem. , vol.54 , pp. 6691-6703
    • Christiansen, E.1
  • 58
    • 79956141358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-substituted 3-(4-aryloxyaryl)-propanoic acids as GPR40 agonists
    • Walsh, S. P. et al. 3-substituted 3-(4-aryloxyaryl)-propanoic acids as GPR40 agonists. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 21, 3390-3394 (2011).
    • (2011) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.21 , pp. 3390-3394
    • Walsh, S.P.1
  • 59
    • 80555154306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMG 837: A novel GPR40/FFA1 agonist that enhances insulin secretion and lowers glucose levels in rodents
    • Lin, D. C. et al. AMG 837: a novel GPR40/FFA1 agonist that enhances insulin secretion and lowers glucose levels in rodents. PLoS ONE 6, e27270 (2011).
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Lin, D.C.1
  • 60
    • 84855673463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMG 837: A potent, orally bioavailable GPR40 agonist
    • Houze, J. B. et al. AMG 837: a potent, orally bioavailable GPR40 agonist. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 22, 1267-1270 (2012).
    • (2012) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 1267-1270
    • Houze, J.B.1
  • 61
    • 80053138180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TAK-875, an orally available G protein-coupled receptor 40/free fatty acid. receptor 1 agonist, enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion and improves both postprandial and fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic rats
    • Tsujihata, Y. et al. TAK-875, an orally available G protein-coupled receptor 40/free fatty acid. receptor 1 agonist, enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion and improves both postprandial and fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 339, 228-237 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.339 , pp. 228-237
    • Tsujihata, Y.1
  • 62
    • 79952261037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, synthesis, and biological activity of potent and orally available G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists
    • Sasaki, S. et al. Design, synthesis, and biological activity of potent and orally available G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists. J. Med. Chem. 54, 1365-1378 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Med. Chem. , vol.54 , pp. 1365-1378
    • Sasaki, S.1
  • 63
    • 84863115309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of fused-ring alkanoic acids with improved pharmacokinetic profiles that act as G protein-coupled receptor 40/free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists
    • Negoro, N. et al. Identification of fused-ring alkanoic acids with improved pharmacokinetic profiles that act as G protein-coupled receptor 40/free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists. J. Med. Chem. 55, 1538-1552 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Med. Chem. , vol.55 , pp. 1538-1552
    • Negoro, N.1
  • 64
    • 84860285388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of (2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)acetic acids: Discovery of a non-free fatty acid-like, highly bioavailable G protein-coupled receptor 40/free fatty acid receptor 1 agonist as a glucose-dependent insulinotropic agent
    • Negoro, N. et al. Optimization of (2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)acetic acids: discovery of a non-free fatty acid-like, highly bioavailable G protein-coupled receptor 40/free fatty acid receptor 1 agonist as a glucose-dependent insulinotropic agent. J. Med. Chem. 55, 3960-3974 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Med. Chem. , vol.55 , pp. 3960-3974
    • Negoro, N.1
  • 65
    • 84860270451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of phenylpropanoic acid derivatives containing polar functionalities as potent and orally bioavailable G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
    • Mikami, S. et al. Discovery of phenylpropanoic acid derivatives containing polar functionalities as potent and orally bioavailable G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. J. Med. Chem. 55, 3756-3776 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Med. Chem. , vol.55 , pp. 3756-3776
    • Mikami, S.1
  • 66
    • 84859625938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TAK-875 versus placebo or glimepiride in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Burant, C. F. et al. TAK-875 versus placebo or glimepiride in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 379, 1403-1411 (2012).
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 1403-1411
    • Burant, C.F.1
  • 67
    • 33947358098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncovering the pharmacology of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR40: High apparent constitutive activity in guanosine 5?-O-(3-35Sthio)triphosphate binding studies reflects binding of an endogenous agonist
    • Stoddart, L. A., Brown, A. J. & Milligan, G. Uncovering the pharmacology of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR40: high apparent constitutive activity in guanosine 5?-O-(3-35Sthio)triphosphate binding studies reflects binding of an endogenous agonist. Mol. Pharmacol. 71, 994-1005 (2007).
    • (2007) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.71 , pp. 994-1005
    • Stoddart, L.A.1    Brown, A.J.2    Milligan, G.3
  • 68
    • 67650533801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The action and mode of binding of thiazolidinedione ligands at free fatty acid receptor 1
    • Smith, N. J., Stoddart, L. A., Devine, N. M., Jenkins, L. & Milligan, G. The action and mode of binding of thiazolidinedione ligands at free fatty acid receptor 1. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 17527-17539 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.284 , pp. 17527-17539
    • Smith, N.J.1    Stoddart, L.A.2    Devine, N.M.3    Jenkins, L.4    Milligan, G.5
  • 69
    • 74049162863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of 5-aryloxy-2,4-thiazolidinediones as potent GPR40 agonists
    • Zhou, C. et al. Discovery of 5-aryloxy-2,4-thiazolidinediones as potent GPR40 agonists. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 20, 1298-1301 (2010).
    • (2010) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 1298-1301
    • Zhou, C.1
  • 70
    • 70449722784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel class of antagonists for the FFAs receptor GPR40
    • Hu, H. et al. A novel class of antagonists for the FFAs receptor GPR40. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 390, 557-563 (2009).
    • (2009) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.390 , pp. 557-563
    • Hu, H.1
  • 71
    • 39149097541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of novel agonists and antagonists of the free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) using virtual screening
    • Tikhonova, I. G. et al. Discovery of novel agonists and antagonists of the free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) using virtual screening. J. Med. Chem. 51, 625-633 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Med. Chem. , vol.51 , pp. 625-633
    • Tikhonova, I.G.1
  • 72
    • 64249111493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and SAR of 1, 2, 34-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-ones as novel G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) antagonists
    • Humphries, P. S. et al. Synthesis and SAR of 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-ones as novel G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) antagonists. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 19, 2400-2403 (2009).
    • (2009) Bioorg Med Chem Lett , vol.19 , pp. 2400-2403
    • Humphries, P.S.1
  • 73
    • 13444263540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free fatty acids regulate gut incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion through GPR120
    • Hirasawa, A. et al. Free fatty acids regulate gut incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion through GPR120. Nature Med. 11, 90-94 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature Med , vol.11 , pp. 90-94
    • Hirasawa, A.1
  • 74
    • 72649095986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning, expression, and pharmacological characterization of the GPR120 free fatty acid receptor from cynomolgus monkey: Comparison with human GPR120 splice variants
    • Moore, K., Zhang, Q., Murgolo, N., Hosted, T. & Duffy, R. Cloning, expression, and pharmacological characterization of the GPR120 free fatty acid receptor from cynomolgus monkey: comparison with human GPR120 splice variants. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 154, 419-426 (2009).
    • (2009) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol. , vol.154 , pp. 419-426
    • Moore, K.1    Zhang, Q.2    Murgolo, N.3    Hosted, T.4    Duffy, R.5
  • 75
    • 84855900663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G protein-coupled receptors in human fat taste perception
    • Galindo, M. M. et al. G protein-coupled receptors in human fat taste perception. Chem. Senses 37, 123-139 (2012).
    • (2012) Chem. Senses , vol.37 , pp. 123-139
    • Galindo, M.M.1
  • 76
    • 84859949278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential signalling by splice variants of the human free fatty acid receptor, GPR120
    • Watson, S. J., Brown, A. J. & Holliday, N. Differential signalling by splice variants of the human free fatty acid receptor, GPR120. Mol. Pharmacol. 81, 631-642 (2012).
    • (2012) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.81 , pp. 631-642
    • Watson, S.J.1    Brown, A.J.2    Holliday, N.3
  • 77
    • 33846468320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulation of adipogenesis through GPR120
    • Gotoh, C. et al. The regulation of adipogenesis through GPR120. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 354, 591-597 (2007).
    • (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.354 , pp. 591-597
    • Gotoh, C.1
  • 78
    • 77956165390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR120 is an omega-3 fatty acid receptor mediating potent anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects
    • Oh Da, Y. et al. GPR120 is an omega-3 fatty acid receptor mediating potent anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects. Cell 142, 687-698 (2010).
    • (2010) Cell , vol.142 , pp. 687-698
    • Oh Da, Y.1
  • 79
    • 60849130394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and regulation of protein expression of the free fatty acid receptor GPR120
    • Miyauchi, S. et al. Distribution and regulation of protein expression of the free fatty acid receptor GPR120. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 379, 427-434 (2009).
    • (2009) Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. , vol.379 , pp. 427-434
    • Miyauchi, S.1
  • 80
    • 80052021813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting GPR120 and other fatty acid-sensing GPCRs ameliorates insulin resistance and inflammatory diseases
    • Talukdar, S., Olefsky, J. M. & Osborn, O. Targeting GPR120 and other fatty acid-sensing GPCRs ameliorates insulin resistance and inflammatory diseases. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 32, 543-550 (2011).
    • (2011) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 543-550
    • Talukdar, S.1    Olefsky, J.M.2    Osborn, O.3
  • 81
    • 84858285593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysfunction of lipid sensor GPR120 leads to obesity in both mouse and human
    • Ichimura, A. et al. Dysfunction of lipid sensor GPR120 leads to obesity in both mouse and human. Nature 483, 350-354 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.483 , pp. 350-354
    • Ichimura, A.1
  • 82
    • 77958142515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity relationships of GPR120 agonists based on a docking simulation
    • Sun, Q. et al. Structure-activity relationships of GPR120 agonists based on a docking simulation. Mol. Pharmacol. 78, 804-810 (2010).
    • (2010) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.78 , pp. 804-810
    • Sun, Q.1
  • 90
    • 33845954973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medium-chain fatty acids as ligands for orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR84
    • Wang, J., Wu, X., Simonavicius, N., Tian, H. & Ling, L. Medium-chain fatty acids as ligands for orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR84. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 34457-34464 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.281 , pp. 34457-34464
    • Wang, J.1    Wu, X.2    Simonavicius, N.3    Tian, H.4    Ling, L.5
  • 91
    • 34249062904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G protein-coupled receptor 84, a microglia-associated protein expressed in neuroinflammatory conditions
    • Bouchard, C., Page, J., Bedard, A., Tremblay, P. & Vallieres, L. G protein-coupled receptor 84, a microglia-associated protein expressed in neuroinflammatory conditions. Glia 55, 790-800 (2007).
    • (2007) Glia , vol.55 , pp. 790-800
    • Bouchard, C.1    Page, J.2    Bedard, A.3    Tremblay, P.4    Vallieres, L.5
  • 92
    • 25444438205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The G-protein coupled receptor, GPR84 regulates IL-4 production by T lymphocytes in response to CD3 crosslinking
    • Venkataraman, C. & Kuo, F. The G-protein coupled receptor, GPR84 regulates IL-4 production by T lymphocytes in response to CD3 crosslinking. Immunol. Lett. 101, 144-153 (2005).
    • (2005) Immunol. Lett. , vol.101 , pp. 144-153
    • Venkataraman, C.1    Kuo, F.2
  • 93
    • 84857051975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory changes in adipose tissue enhance expression of GPR84, a medium-chain fatty acid receptor: TNFα enhances GPR84 expression in adipocytes
    • Nagasaki, H. et al. Inflammatory changes in adipose tissue enhance expression of GPR84, a medium-chain fatty acid receptor: TNFα enhances GPR84 expression in adipocytes. FEBS Lett. 586, 368-372 (2012).
    • (2012) FEBS Lett , vol.586 , pp. 368-372
    • Nagasaki, H.1
  • 95
    • 0034959553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: Roles of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides
    • Topping, D. L. & Clifton, P. M. Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: roles of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides. Physiol. Rev. 81, 1031-1064 (2001).
    • (2001) Physiol. Rev. , vol.81 , pp. 1031-1064
    • Topping, D.L.1    Clifton, P.M.2
  • 96
    • 0038363378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The orphan G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 and GPR43 are activated by propionate and other short chain carboxylic acids
    • Brown, A. J. et al. The orphan G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 and GPR43 are activated by propionate and other short chain carboxylic acids. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 11312-11319 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 11312-11319
    • Brown, A.J.1
  • 97
    • 0038491435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional characterization of human receptors for short chain fatty acids and their role in polymorphonuclear cell activation
    • Le Poul, E. et al. Functional characterization of human receptors for short chain fatty acids and their role in polymorphonuclear cell activation. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 25481-25489 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 25481-25489
    • Le Poul, E.1
  • 98
    • 0037453280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a free fatty acid receptor, FFA2R, expressed on leukocytes and activated by short-chain fatty acids
    • Nilsson, N. E., Kotarsky, K., Owman, C. & Olde, B. Identification of a free fatty acid receptor, FFA2R, expressed on leukocytes and activated by short-chain fatty acids. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 303, 1047-1052 (2003).
    • (2003) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.303 , pp. 1047-1052
    • Nilsson, N.E.1    Kotarsky, K.2    Owman, C.3    Olde, B.4
  • 99
    • 27844440904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetate and propionate short chain fatty acids stimulate adipogenesis via GPCR43
    • Hong, Y. H. et al. Acetate and propionate short chain fatty acids stimulate adipogenesis via GPCR43. Endocrinology 146, 5092-5099 (2005).
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , pp. 5092-5099
    • Hong, Y.H.1
  • 100
    • 0742305675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-chain fatty acids stimulate leptin production in adipocytes through the G protein-coupled receptor GPR41
    • Xiong, Y. et al. Short-chain fatty acids stimulate leptin production in adipocytes through the G protein-coupled receptor GPR41. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 1045-1050 (2004).
    • (2004) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.101 , pp. 1045-1050
    • Xiong, Y.1
  • 101
    • 77952957384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of GPR41 and GPR43 in leptin secretory responses of murine adipocytes to short chain fatty acids
    • Zaibi, M. S. et al. Roles of GPR41 and GPR43 in leptin secretory responses of murine adipocytes to short chain fatty acids. FEBS Lett. 584, 2381-2386 (2010).
    • (2010) FEBS Lett , vol.584 , pp. 2381-2386
    • Zaibi, M.S.1
  • 102
    • 79956348319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-chain fatty acids and ketones directly regulate sympathetic nervous system via G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41)
    • Kimura, I. et al. Short-chain fatty acids and ketones directly regulate sympathetic nervous system via G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 8030-8035 (2011).
    • (2011) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.108 , pp. 8030-8035
    • Kimura, I.1
  • 103
    • 78650800467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved glucose control and reduced body fat mass in free fatty acid receptor 2-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet
    • Bjursell, M. et al. Improved glucose control and reduced body fat mass in free fatty acid receptor 2-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 300, E211-E220 (2011).
    • (2011) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.300
    • Bjursell, M.1
  • 104
    • 33646376658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-chain fatty acid receptor, GPR43, is expressed by enteroendocrine cells and mucosal mast cells in rat intestine
    • Karaki, S. et al. Short-chain fatty acid receptor, GPR43, is expressed by enteroendocrine cells and mucosal mast cells in rat intestine. Cell Tissue Res. 324, 353-360 (2006).
    • (2006) Cell Tissue Res , vol.324 , pp. 353-360
    • Karaki, S.1
  • 105
    • 70149102106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR41 in the human colon
    • Tazoe, H. et al. Expression of short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR41 in the human colon. Biomed. Res. 30, 149-156 (2009).
    • (2009) Biomed. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 149-156
    • Tazoe, H.1
  • 106
    • 51449119654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of short-chain fatty acids receptors, GPR41 and GPR43 on colonic functions
    • Tazoe, H. et al. Roles of short-chain fatty acids receptors, GPR41 and GPR43 on colonic functions. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 59 (Suppl. 2), 251-262 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Physiol. Pharmacol. , vol.59 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 251-262
    • Tazoe, H.1
  • 107
    • 55949091259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the gut microbiota on host adiposity are modulated by the short-chain fatty-acid binding G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr41
    • Samuel, B. S. et al. Effects of the gut microbiota on host adiposity are modulated by the short-chain fatty-acid binding G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr41. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 16767-16772 (2008).
    • (2008) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , pp. 16767-16772
    • Samuel, B.S.1
  • 108
    • 41049090425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the short-chain fatty acid receptor, GPR43, in the human colon
    • Karaki, S. et al. Expression of the short-chain fatty acid receptor, GPR43, in the human colon. J. Mol. Histol. 39, 135-142 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Mol. Histol. , vol.39 , pp. 135-142
    • Karaki, S.1
  • 109
    • 79954435406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density distribution of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2)-expressing and GLP-1-producing enteroendocrine L cells in human and rat lower intestine, and increased cell numbers after ingestion of fructo-oligosaccharide
    • Kaji, I., Karaki, S., Tanaka, R. & Kuwahara, A. Density distribution of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2)-expressing and GLP-1-producing enteroendocrine L cells in human and rat lower intestine, and increased cell numbers after ingestion of fructo-oligosaccharide. J. Mol. Histol. 42, 27-38 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Mol. Histol. , vol.42 , pp. 27-38
    • Kaji, I.1    Karaki, S.2    Tanaka, R.3    Kuwahara, A.4
  • 110
    • 84856509724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-chain fatty acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion via the G-protein-coupled receptor FFAR2
    • Tolhurst, G. et al. Short-chain fatty acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion via the G-protein-coupled receptor FFAR2. Diabetes 61, 364-371 (2012).
    • (2012) Diabetes , vol.61 , pp. 364-371
    • Tolhurst, G.1
  • 111
    • 84859587827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butyrate and propionate protect against diet-induced obesity and regulate gut hormones via free fatty acid receptor 3-independent mechanisms
    • Lin, H. V. et al. Butyrate and propionate protect against diet-induced obesity and regulate gut hormones via free fatty acid receptor 3-independent mechanisms. PLoS ONE 7, e35240 (2012).
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Lin, H.V.1
  • 112
    • 70350666634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43
    • Maslowski, K. M. et al. Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43. Nature 461, 1282-1286 (2009).
    • (2009) Nature , vol.461 , pp. 1282-1286
    • Maslowski, K.M.1
  • 113
    • 0037307761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LSSIG is a novel murine leukocyte-specific GPCR that is induced by the activation of STAT3
    • Senga, T. et al. LSSIG is a novel murine leukocyte-specific GPCR that is induced by the activation of STAT3. Blood 101, 1185-1187 (2003).
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , pp. 1185-1187
    • Senga, T.1
  • 114
    • 79958812655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCFAs induce mouse neutrophil chemotaxis through the GPR43 receptor
    • Vinolo, M. A. et al. SCFAs induce mouse neutrophil chemotaxis through the GPR43 receptor. PLoS ONE 6, e21205 (2011).
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Vinolo, M.A.1
  • 115
    • 73349123182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G protein-coupled receptor 43 is essential for neutrophil recruitment during intestinal inflammation
    • Sina, C. et al. G protein-coupled receptor 43 is essential for neutrophil recruitment during intestinal inflammation. J. Immunol. 183, 7514-7522 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Immunol. , vol.183 , pp. 7514-7522
    • Sina, C.1
  • 116
    • 50449087891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of G protein-coupled receptor 43 in adipocytes leads to inhibition of lipolysis and suppression of plasma free fatty acids
    • Ge, H. et al. Activation of G protein-coupled receptor 43 in adipocytes leads to inhibition of lipolysis and suppression of plasma free fatty acids. Endocrinology 149, 4519-4526 (2008).
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , pp. 4519-4526
    • Ge, H.1
  • 117
    • 72249086955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first synthetic agonists of FFA2: Discovery and SAR of phenylacetamides as allosteric modulators
    • Wang, Y. et al. The first synthetic agonists of FFA2: discovery and SAR of phenylacetamides as allosteric modulators. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 20, 493-498 (2010).
    • (2010) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 493-498
    • Wang, Y.1
  • 118
    • 57349142454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and functional characterization of allosteric agonists for the G protein-coupled receptor FFA2
    • Lee, T. et al. Identification and functional characterization of allosteric agonists for the G protein-coupled receptor FFA2. Mol. Pharmacol. 74, 1599-1609 (2008).
    • (2008) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.74 , pp. 1599-1609
    • Lee, T.1
  • 119
    • 79953216793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective orthosteric free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) agonists: Identification of the structural and chemical requirements for selective activation of FFA2 versus FFA3
    • Schmidt, J. et al. Selective orthosteric free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) agonists: identification of the structural and chemical requirements for selective activation of FFA2 versus FFA3. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 10628-10640 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.286 , pp. 10628-10640
    • Schmidt, J.1
  • 122
    • 56249083891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of GPR81 in lactate-mediated reduction of adipose lipolysis
    • Cai, T. Q. et al. Role of GPR81 in lactate-mediated reduction of adipose lipolysis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 377, 987-991 (2008).
    • (2008) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.377 , pp. 987-991
    • Cai, T.Q.1
  • 123
    • 59149094602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactate inhibits lipolysis in fat cells through activation of an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR81
    • Liu, C. et al. Lactate inhibits lipolysis in fat cells through activation of an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR81. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 2811-2822 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.284 , pp. 2811-2822
    • Liu, C.1
  • 124
    • 22844439234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (d)-β-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits adipocyte lipolysis via the nicotinic acid receptor PUMA-G
    • Taggart, A. K. et al. (d)-β-hydroxybutyrate inhibits adipocyte lipolysis via the nicotinic acid receptor PUMA-G. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 26649-26652 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.280 , pp. 26649-26652
    • Taggart, A.K.1
  • 125
    • 69249083201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deorphanization of GPR109B as a receptor for the beta-oxidation intermediate 3-OH-octanoic acid and its role in the regulation of lipolysis
    • Ahmed, K. et al. Deorphanization of GPR109B as a receptor for the beta-oxidation intermediate 3-OH-octanoic acid and its role in the regulation of lipolysis. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 21928-21933 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.284 , pp. 21928-21933
    • Ahmed, K.1
  • 126
    • 79955769365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXII: Nomenclature and classification of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B)
    • Offermanns, S. et al. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXII: nomenclature and classification of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B). Pharmacol. Rev. 63, 269-290 (2011).
    • (2011) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.63 , pp. 269-290
    • Offermanns, S.1
  • 127
    • 77950261397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An autocrine lactate loop mediates insulin-dependent inhibition of lipolysis through GPR81
    • Ahmed, K. et al. An autocrine lactate loop mediates insulin-dependent inhibition of lipolysis through GPR81. Cell. Metab. 11, 311-319 (2010).
    • (2010) Cell. Metab. , vol.11 , pp. 311-319
    • Ahmed, K.1
  • 128
    • 0037352280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect
    • Tunaru, S. et al. PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect. Nature Med. 9, 352-355 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Med , vol.9 , pp. 352-355
    • Tunaru, S.1
  • 129
    • 37348999056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil apoptosis mediated by nicotinic acid receptors (GPR109A)
    • Kostylina, G., Simon, D., Fey, M. F., Yousefi, S. & Simon, H. U. Neutrophil apoptosis mediated by nicotinic acid receptors (GPR109A). Cell Death Differ. 15, 134-142 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell Death Differ , vol.15 , pp. 134-142
    • Kostylina, G.1    Simon, D.2    Fey, M.F.3    Yousefi, S.4    Simon, H.U.5
  • 130
    • 33646419578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of arachidonic acid signaling pathway by nicotinic acid receptor HM74A
    • Tang, Y. et al. Enhancement of arachidonic acid signaling pathway by nicotinic acid receptor HM74A. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 345, 29-37 (2006).
    • (2006) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.345 , pp. 29-37
    • Tang, Y.1
  • 131
    • 44949159107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elucidation of signaling and functional activities of an orphan GPCR, GPR81
    • Ge, H. et al. Elucidation of signaling and functional activities of an orphan GPCR, GPR81. J. Lipid Res. 49, 797-803 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Lipid Res. , vol.49 , pp. 797-803
    • Ge, H.1
  • 132
    • 62649093908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aromatic d-amino acids act as chemoattractant factors for human leukocytes through a G protein-coupled receptor, GPR109B
    • Irukayama-Tomobe, Y. et al. Aromatic d-amino acids act as chemoattractant factors for human leukocytes through a G protein-coupled receptor, GPR109B. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 3930-3934 (2009).
    • (2009) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.106 , pp. 3930-3934
    • Irukayama-Tomobe, Y.1
  • 133
    • 0037470749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular identification of nicotinic acid receptor
    • Soga, T. et al. Molecular identification of nicotinic acid receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 303, 364-369 (2003).
    • (2003) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.303 , pp. 364-369
    • Soga, T.1
  • 134
    • 0003293442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid
    • Wise, A. et al. Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 9869-9874 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 9869-9874
    • Wise, A.1
  • 135
    • 34447641711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic acid receptor agonists differentially activate downstream effectors
    • Richman, J. G. et al. Nicotinic acid receptor agonists differentially activate downstream effectors. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 18028-18036 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.282 , pp. 18028-18036
    • Richman, J.G.1
  • 136
    • 33751087034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic acid-induced flushing is mediated by activation of epidermal Langerhans cells
    • Beny, Z., Gille, A., Bennett, C. L., Clausen, B. E. & Offermanns, S. Nicotinic acid-induced flushing is mediated by activation of epidermal Langerhans cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 70, 1844-1849 (2006).
    • (2006) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.70 , pp. 1844-1849
    • Beny, Z.1    Gille, A.2    Bennett, C.L.3    Clausen, B.E.4    Offermanns, S.5
  • 137
    • 0029936331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of phosphoinositide phospholipases by hormones, neurotransmitters, and other agonists linked to G proteins
    • Exton, J. H. Regulation of phosphoinositide phospholipases by hormones, neurotransmitters, and other agonists linked to G proteins. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 36, 481-509 (1996).
    • (1996) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.36 , pp. 481-509
    • Exton, J.H.1
  • 138
    • 70350400862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ regulates expression of the anti-lipolytic G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81/Gpr81)
    • Jeninga, E. H. et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ regulates expression of the anti-lipolytic G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81/Gpr81). J. Biol. Chem. 284, 26385-26393 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.284 , pp. 26385-26393
    • Jeninga, E.H.1
  • 139
    • 80955135092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation inhibits GPR81 expression in adipose tissue
    • Feingold, K. R., Moser, A., Shigenaga, J. K. & Grunfeld, C. Inflammation inhibits GPR81 expression in adipose tissue. Inflamm. Res. 60, 991-995 (2011).
    • (2011) Inflamm. Res. , vol.60 , pp. 991-995
    • Feingold, K.R.1    Moser, A.2    Shigenaga, J.K.3    Grunfeld, C.4
  • 140
    • 0027954996 scopus 로고
    • Lactate release from the subcutaneous tissue in lean and obese men
    • Jansson, P. A., Larsson, A., Smith, U. & Lonnroth, P. Lactate release from the subcutaneous tissue in lean and obese men. J. Clin. Invest. 93, 240-246 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.93 , pp. 240-246
    • Jansson, P.A.1    Larsson, A.2    Smith, U.3    Lonnroth, P.4
  • 141
    • 33947172448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactate release from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in vivo: Defective insulin regulation in insulin-resistant obese women
    • Qvisth, V., Hagstrom-Toft, E., Moberg, E., Sjoberg, S. & Bolinder, J. Lactate release from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in vivo: defective insulin regulation in insulin-resistant obese women. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 292, E709-E714 (2007).
    • (2007) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.292
    • Qvisth, V.1    Hagstrom-Toft, E.2    Moberg, E.3    Sjoberg, S.4    Bolinder, J.5
  • 142
    • 0026770646 scopus 로고
    • Lactate production in adipose tissue: A regulated function with extra-adipose implications
    • DiGirolamo, M., Newby, F. D. & Lovejoy, J. Lactate production in adipose tissue: a regulated function with extra-adipose implications. FASEB J. 6, 2405-2412 (1992).
    • (1992) FASEB J , vol.6 , pp. 2405-2412
    • Digirolamo, M.1    Newby, F.D.2    Lovejoy, J.3
  • 143
    • 84861559049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, a specific agonist for HCA1, inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes
    • Liu, C. et al. 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, a specific agonist for HCA1, inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 341, 794-801 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.341 , pp. 794-801
    • Liu, C.1
  • 144
    • 84876948904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alkylresorcinol metabolites in urine correlate with the intake of whole grains and cereal fibre in free-living Swedish adults
    • Marklund, M., Landberg, R., Anderson, A., Aman, P. & Kamal-Eldin, A. Alkylresorcinol metabolites in urine correlate with the intake of whole grains and cereal fibre in free-living Swedish adults. Br. J. Nutr. 3, 1-8 (2012).
    • (2012) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.3 , pp. 1-8
    • Marklund, M.1    Landberg, R.2    Anderson, A.3    Aman, P.4    Kamal-Eldin, A.5
  • 147
    • 31044448925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR109A (PUMA-G/HM74A) mediates nicotinic acid-induced flushing
    • Benyo, Z. et al. GPR109A (PUMA-G/HM74A) mediates nicotinic acid-induced flushing. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 3634-3640 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.115 , pp. 3634-3640
    • Benyo, Z.1
  • 148
    • 33751090692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Langerhans cells release prostaglandin D2 in response to nicotinic acid
    • Maciejewski-Lenoir, D. et al. Langerhans cells release prostaglandin D2 in response to nicotinic acid. J. Invest. Dermatol. 126, 2637-2646 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.126 , pp. 2637-2646
    • MacIejewski-Lenoir, D.1
  • 149
    • 0035666867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PUMA-G, an IFN-γ-inducible gene in macrophages is a novel member of the seven transmembrane spanning receptor superfamily
    • Schaub, A., Futterer, A. & Pfeffer, K. PUMA-G, an IFN-γ-inducible gene in macrophages is a novel member of the seven transmembrane spanning receptor superfamily. Eur. J. Immunol. 31, 3714-3725 (2001).
    • (2001) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.31 , pp. 3714-3725
    • Schaub, A.1    Futterer, A.2    Pfeffer, K.3
  • 150
    • 77955300428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic acid-and monomethyl fumarate-induced flushing involves GPR109A expressed by keratinocytes and COX-2-dependent prostanoid formation in mice
    • Hanson, J. et al. Nicotinic acid-and monomethyl fumarate-induced flushing involves GPR109A expressed by keratinocytes and COX-2-dependent prostanoid formation in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 120, 2910-2919 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.120 , pp. 2910-2919
    • Hanson, J.1
  • 151
    • 66149084058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR109A is a G-protein-coupled receptor for the bacterial fermentation product butyrate and functions as a tumor suppressor in colon
    • Thangaraju, M. et al. GPR109A is a G-protein-coupled receptor for the bacterial fermentation product butyrate and functions as a tumor suppressor in colon. Cancer Res. 69, 2826-2832 (2009).
    • (2009) Cancer Res , vol.69 , pp. 2826-2832
    • Thangaraju, M.1
  • 152
    • 77950516928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonic gene expression in conventional and germ-free mice with a focus on the butyrate receptor GPR109A and the butyrate transporter SLC5A8
    • Cresci, G. A., Thangaraju, M., Mellinger, J. D., Liu, K. & Ganapathy, V. Colonic gene expression in conventional and germ-free mice with a focus on the butyrate receptor GPR109A and the butyrate transporter SLC5A8. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 14, 449-461 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Gastrointest. Surg. , vol.14 , pp. 449-461
    • Cresci, G.A.1    Thangaraju, M.2    Mellinger, J.D.3    Liu, K.4    Ganapathy, V.5
  • 153
    • 61849183060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and localization of GPR109A (PUMA-G/HM74A) mRNA and protein in mammalian retinal pigment epithelium
    • Martin, P. M. et al. Expression and localization of GPR109A (PUMA-G/HM74A) mRNA and protein in mammalian retinal pigment epithelium. Mol. Vis. 15, 362-372 (2009).
    • (2009) Mol. Vis. , vol.15 , pp. 362-372
    • Martin, P.M.1
  • 154
    • 84862613541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR109A as an anti-inflammatory receptor in retinal pigment epithelial cells and its relevance to diabetic retinopathy
    • Gambhir, D. et al. GPR109A as an anti-inflammatory receptor in retinal pigment epithelial cells and its relevance to diabetic retinopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 53, 2208-2217 (2012).
    • (2012) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 2208-2217
    • Gambhir, D.1
  • 156
    • 0014404928 scopus 로고
    • Direct regulatory effect of ketones on lipolysis and on glucose concentrations in man
    • Senior, B. & Loridan, L. Direct regulatory effect of ketones on lipolysis and on glucose concentrations in man. Nature 219, 83-84 (1968).
    • (1968) Nature , vol.219 , pp. 83-84
    • Senior, B.1    Loridan, L.2
  • 158
    • 0025183769 scopus 로고
    • Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B
    • Brown, G. et al. Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B. N. Engl. J. Med. 323, 1289-1298 (1990).
    • (1990) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.323 , pp. 1289-1298
    • Brown, G.1
  • 159
    • 0035969564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease
    • Brown, B. G. et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 1583-1592 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 1583-1592
    • Brown, B.G.1
  • 160
    • 72049129430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended-release niacin or ezetimibe and carotid intima-media thickness
    • Taylor, A. J. et al. Extended-release niacin or ezetimibe and carotid intima-media thickness. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 2113-2122 (2009).
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.361 , pp. 2113-2122
    • Taylor, A.J.1
  • 161
    • 0023001772 scopus 로고
    • Fifteen year mortality in coronary drug project patients: Long-term benefit with niacin
    • Canner, P. L. et al. Fifteen year mortality in coronary drug project patients: long-term benefit with niacin. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 8, 1245-1255 (1986).
    • (1986) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.8 , pp. 1245-1255
    • Canner, P.L.1
  • 162
    • 0023910325 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of mortality in the Stockholm Ischaemic Heart Disease Secondary Prevention Study by combined treatment with clofibrate and nicotinic acid
    • Carlson, L. A. & Rosenhamer, G. Reduction of mortality in the Stockholm Ischaemic Heart Disease Secondary Prevention Study by combined treatment with clofibrate and nicotinic acid. Acta Med. Scand. 223, 405-418 (1988).
    • (1988) Acta Med. Scand. , vol.223 , pp. 405-418
    • Carlson, L.A.1    Rosenhamer, G.2
  • 163
    • 0016630250 scopus 로고
    • Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease
    • The Coronary Drug Project Research Group
    • The Coronary Drug Project Research Group. Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease. JAMA 231, 360-381 (1975).
    • (1975) JAMA , vol.231 , pp. 360-381
  • 164
    • 84948007950 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of combined colestipol-niacin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis and coronary venous bypass grafts
    • Blankenhorn, D. H. et al. Beneficial effects of combined colestipol-niacin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis and coronary venous bypass grafts. JAMA 257, 3233-3240 (1987).
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.257 , pp. 3233-3240
    • Blankenhorn, D.H.1
  • 165
    • 84857648400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotinic acid in human monocytes are mediated by GPR109A dependent mechanisms
    • Digby, J. E. et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotinic acid in human monocytes are mediated by GPR109A dependent mechanisms. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 32, 669-676 (2012).
    • (2012) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.32 , pp. 669-676
    • Digby, J.E.1
  • 166
    • 0026086789 scopus 로고
    • Effects of colestipol-niacin therapy on human femoral atherosclerosis
    • Blankenhorn, D. H. et al. Effects of colestipol-niacin therapy on human femoral atherosclerosis. Circulation 83, 438-447 (1991).
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.83 , pp. 438-447
    • Blankenhorn, D.H.1
  • 167
    • 70350516769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of high-dose modified-release nicotinic acid on atherosclerosis and vascular function: A randomized, placebo-controlled, magnetic resonance imaging study
    • Lee, J. M. et al. Effects of high-dose modified-release nicotinic acid on atherosclerosis and vascular function: a randomized, placebo-controlled, magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 54, 1787-1794 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.54 , pp. 1787-1794
    • Lee, J.M.1
  • 168
    • 19944426989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of a strategy for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: Effects on progression of coronary heart disease and clinical events
    • Whitney, E. J. et al. A randomized trial of a strategy for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: effects on progression of coronary heart disease and clinical events. Ann. Intern. Med. 142, 95-104 (2005).
    • (2005) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.142 , pp. 95-104
    • Whitney, E.J.1
  • 169
    • 84855171302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy
    • Boden, W. E. et al. Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 365, 2255-2267 (2011).
    • (2011) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.365 , pp. 2255-2267
    • Boden, W.E.1
  • 170
    • 84859088486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is niacin ineffective? or did AIM-HIGH miss its target?
    • Nicholls, S. J. Is niacin ineffective? Or did AIM-HIGH miss its target? Cleve. Clin. J. Med. 79, 38-43 (2012).
    • (2012) Cleve. Clin. J. Med. , vol.79 , pp. 38-43
    • Nicholls, S.J.1
  • 172
    • 0001036943 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the effect of nicotinic acid on catecholamine stimulated lipolysis in adipose tissue in vitro
    • Carlson, L. A. Studies on the effect of nicotinic acid on catecholamine stimulated lipolysis in adipose tissue in vitro. Acta Med. Scand. 173, 719-722 (1963).
    • (1963) Acta Med. Scand. , vol.173 , pp. 719-722
    • Carlson, L.A.1
  • 173
    • 38849140840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is raising HDL a futile strategy for atheroprotection?
    • Joy, T. & Hegele, R. A. Is raising HDL a futile strategy for atheroprotection? Nature Rev. Drug. Discov. 7, 143-155 (2008).
    • (2008) Nature Rev. Drug. Discov. , vol.7 , pp. 143-155
    • Joy, T.1    Hegele, R.A.2
  • 174
    • 33847772179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical role of cholesterol ester transfer protein in nicotinic acid-mediated HDL elevation in mice
    • Hernandez, M., Wright, S. D. & Cai, T. Q. Critical role of cholesterol ester transfer protein in nicotinic acid-mediated HDL elevation in mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 355, 1075-1080 (2007).
    • (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.355 , pp. 1075-1080
    • Hernandez, M.1    Wright, S.D.2    Cai, T.Q.3
  • 175
    • 55449114841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Niacin increases HDL by reducing hepatic expression and plasma levels of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in APOE3Leiden. CETP mice
    • van der Hoorn, J. W. et al. Niacin increases HDL by reducing hepatic expression and plasma levels of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in APOE3Leiden. CETP mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28, 2016-2022 (2008).
    • (2008) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.28 , pp. 2016-2022
    • Van Der Hoorn, J.W.1
  • 176
    • 33644608784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiatherogenic small, dense HDL-guardian angel of the arterial wall?
    • Kontush, A. & Chapman, M. J. Antiatherogenic small, dense HDL-guardian angel of the arterial wall? Nature Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med. 3, 144-153 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med. , vol.3 , pp. 144-153
    • Kontush, A.1    Chapman, M.J.2
  • 177
    • 33745501028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (HM74A or PUMA-G) as a new therapeutic target
    • Offermanns, S. The nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (HM74A or PUMA-G) as a new therapeutic target. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 27, 384-390 (2006).
    • (2006) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 384-390
    • Offermanns, S.1
  • 178
    • 40349094705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic acid: An old drug with a promising future
    • Bodor, E. T. & Offermanns, S. Nicotinic acid: an old drug with a promising future. Br. J. Pharmacol. 153 (Suppl. 1), S68-S75 (2008).
    • (2008) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.153 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Bodor, E.T.1    Offermanns, S.2
  • 179
    • 77956651296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of HDL metabolism by the niacin receptor GPR109A in mouse hepatocytes
    • Li, X., Millar, J. S., Brownell, N., Briand, F. & Rader, D. J. Modulation of HDL metabolism by the niacin receptor GPR109A in mouse hepatocytes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 80, 1450-1457 (2010).
    • (2010) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.80 , pp. 1450-1457
    • Li, X.1    Millar, J.S.2    Brownell, N.3    Briand, F.4    Rader, D.J.5
  • 181
    • 53249145678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a niacin receptor partial agonist, MK-0354, on plasma free fatty acids, lipids, and cutaneous flushing in humans
    • Lai, E. et al. Effects of a niacin receptor partial agonist, MK-0354, on plasma free fatty acids, lipids, and cutaneous flushing in humans. J. Clin. Lipidol. 2, 375-383 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Clin. Lipidol. , vol.2 , pp. 375-383
    • Lai, E.1
  • 182
    • 84860273364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (1aR,5aR) 1a, 3,5,5a-Tetrahydro-1H-2,3-diaza-cyclopropaapentalene-4- carboxylic acid: A potent GPR109a agonist that lowers free fatty acids in humans
    • Boatman, P. D. et al. (1aR,5aR)1a, 3,5,5a-tetrahydro-1H-2,3-diaza- cyclopropaapentalene-4-carboxylic acid: a potent GPR109a agonist that lowers free fatty acids in humans. J. Med. Chem. 55, 3644-3666 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Med. Chem. , vol.55 , pp. 3644-3666
    • Boatman, P.D.1
  • 183
    • 81755165942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic acid (niacin): New lipid-independent mechanisms of action and therapeutic potentials
    • Lukasova, M., Hanson, J., Tunaru, S. & Offermanns, S. Nicotinic acid (niacin): new lipid-independent mechanisms of action and therapeutic potentials. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 32, 700-707 (2011).
    • (2011) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 700-707
    • Lukasova, M.1    Hanson, J.2    Tunaru, S.3    Offermanns, S.4
  • 184
    • 79952240405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic acid inhibits progression of atherosclerosis in mice through its receptor GPR109A expressed by immune cells
    • Lukasova, M., Malaval, C., Gille, A., Kero, J. & Offermanns, S. Nicotinic acid inhibits progression of atherosclerosis in mice through its receptor GPR109A expressed by immune cells. J. Clin. Invest. 121, 1163-1173 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.121 , pp. 1163-1173
    • Lukasova, M.1    Malaval, C.2    Gille, A.3    Kero, J.4    Offermanns, S.5
  • 185
    • 77951483195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that niacin inhibits acute vascular inflammation and improves endothelial dysfunction independent of changes in plasma lipids
    • Wu, B. J. et al. Evidence that niacin inhibits acute vascular inflammation and improves endothelial dysfunction independent of changes in plasma lipids. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 30, 968-975 (2010).
    • (2010) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.30 , pp. 968-975
    • Wu, B.J.1
  • 186
    • 64749109569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Niacin stimulates adiponectin secretion through the GPR109A receptor
    • Plaisance, E. P. et al. Niacin stimulates adiponectin secretion through the GPR109A receptor. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 296, E549-E558 (2009).
    • (2009) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.296
    • Plaisance, E.P.1
  • 188
    • 84858793548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Niacin inhibits skin dendritic cell mobilization in a GPR109A independent manner but has no impact on monocyte trafficking in atherosclerosis
    • Ingersoll, M. A. et al. Niacin inhibits skin dendritic cell mobilization in a GPR109A independent manner but has no impact on monocyte trafficking in atherosclerosis. Immunobiology 217, 548-557 (2011).
    • (2011) Immunobiology , vol.217 , pp. 548-557
    • Ingersoll, M.A.1
  • 189
    • 79954995814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic acid has anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties on advanced atherosclerotic lesions independent of its lipid-modifying capabilities
    • Holzhauser, E. et al. Nicotinic acid has anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties on advanced atherosclerotic lesions independent of its lipid-modifying capabilities. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 57, 447-454 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. , vol.57 , pp. 447-454
    • Holzhauser, E.1
  • 190
    • 68949215867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism and mitigation of niacin-induced flushing
    • Kamanna, V. S., Ganji, S. H. & Kashyap, M. L. The mechanism and mitigation of niacin-induced flushing. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 63, 1369-1377 (2009).
    • (2009) Int. J. Clin. Pract. , vol.63 , pp. 1369-1377
    • Kamanna, V.S.1    Ganji, S.H.2    Kashyap, M.L.3
  • 191
    • 33646258753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 suppresses nicotinic acid-induced vasodilation in mice and humans
    • Cheng, K. et al. Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 suppresses nicotinic acid-induced vasodilation in mice and humans. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 6682-6687 (2006).
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 6682-6687
    • Cheng, K.1
  • 192
    • 41949100903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of laropiprant on nicotinic acid-induced flushing in patients with dyslipidemia
    • Paolini, J. F. et al. Effects of laropiprant on nicotinic acid-induced flushing in patients with dyslipidemia. Am. J. Cardiol. 101, 625-630 (2008).
    • (2008) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.101 , pp. 625-630
    • Paolini, J.F.1
  • 193
    • 66449111715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β-Arrestin1 mediates nicotinic acid-induced flushing, but not its antilipolytic effect, in mice
    • Walters, R. W. et al. β-arrestin1 mediates nicotinic acid-induced flushing, but not its antilipolytic effect, in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 119, 1312-1321 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.119 , pp. 1312-1321
    • Walters, R.W.1
  • 194
    • 77951844975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching old receptors new tricks: Biasing seven-transmembrane receptors
    • Rajagopal, S., Rajagopal, K. & Lefkowitz, R. J. Teaching old receptors new tricks: biasing seven-transmembrane receptors. Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 9, 373-386 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature Rev. Drug Discov. , vol.9 , pp. 373-386
    • Rajagopal, S.1    Rajagopal, K.2    Lefkowitz, R.J.3
  • 195
    • 51649111846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psoriasis drug monomethylfumarate is a potent nicotinic acid receptor agonist
    • Tang, H., Lu, J. Y., Zheng, X., Yang, Y. & Reagan, J. D. The psoriasis drug monomethylfumarate is a potent nicotinic acid receptor agonist. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 375, 562-565 (2008).
    • (2008) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.375 , pp. 562-565
    • Tang, H.1    Lu, J.Y.2    Zheng, X.3    Yang, Y.4    Reagan, J.D.5
  • 197
    • 79960992155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trial watch: Phase III success for Biogen's oral multiple sclerosis therapy
    • No Authors Listed
    • No authors listed. Trial watch: Phase III success for Biogen's oral multiple sclerosis therapy. Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 10, 404 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature Rev. Drug Discov. , vol.10 , pp. 404
  • 198
    • 53749086273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Niaspan treatment improves neurological functional recovery in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice
    • Zhang, J. et al. Niaspan treatment improves neurological functional recovery in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. Neurobiol. Dis. 32, 273-280 (2008).
    • (2008) Neurobiol. Dis. , vol.32 , pp. 273-280
    • Zhang, J.1
  • 199
    • 33745162188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fumaric acid esters are effective in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and suppress macrophage infiltration
    • Schilling, S., Goelz, S., Linker, R., Luehder, F. & Gold, R. Fumaric acid esters are effective in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and suppress macrophage infiltration. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 145, 101-107 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.145 , pp. 101-107
    • Schilling, S.1    Goelz, S.2    Linker, R.3    Luehder, F.4    Gold, R.5
  • 200
    • 0019142367 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of lipolysis by nicotinic acid and by acipimox
    • Fuccella, L. M. et al. Inhibition of lipolysis by nicotinic acid and by acipimox. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 28, 790-795 (1980).
    • (1980) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.28 , pp. 790-795
    • Fuccella, L.M.1
  • 202
  • 204
    • 0041418309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrazole derivatives as partial agonists for the nicotinic acid receptor
    • van Herk, T. et al. Pyrazole derivatives as partial agonists for the nicotinic acid receptor. J. Med. Chem. 46, 3945-3951 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Med. Chem. , vol.46 , pp. 3945-3951
    • Van Herk, T.1
  • 205
    • 34547547644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agonist lead identification for the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109a
    • Gharbaoui, T. et al. Agonist lead identification for the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109a. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17, 4914-4919 (2007).
    • (2007) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.17 , pp. 4914-4919
    • Gharbaoui, T.1
  • 206
    • 34548580138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluorinated pyrazole acids are agonists of the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109a
    • Skinner, P. J. et al. Fluorinated pyrazole acids are agonists of the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109a. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17, 5620-5623 (2007).
    • (2007) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.17 , pp. 5620-5623
    • Skinner, P.J.1
  • 207
    • 50249112614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopentapyrazole (MK-0354): A partial agonist of the nicotinic acid receptor, G-protein coupled receptor 109a, with antilipolytic but no vasodilatory activity in mice
    • Semple, G. et al. 3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro- cyclopentapyrazole (MK-0354): a partial agonist of the nicotinic acid receptor, G-protein coupled receptor 109a, with antilipolytic but no vasodilatory activity in mice. J. Med. Chem. 51, 5101-5108 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Med. Chem. , vol.51 , pp. 5101-5108
    • Semple, G.1
  • 208
    • 77950865449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent tricyclic pyrazole tetrazole agonists of the nicotinic acid receptor (GPR109a)
    • Boatman, P. D. et al. Potent tricyclic pyrazole tetrazole agonists of the nicotinic acid receptor (GPR109a). Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 20, 2797-2800 (2010).
    • (2010) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 2797-2800
    • Boatman, P.D.1
  • 209
    • 63149143425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR109a agonists. Part 1: 5-alkyl and 5-aryl-pyrazole-tetrazoles as agonists of the human orphan G-protein coupled receptor GPR109a
    • Imbriglio, J. E. et al. GPR109a agonists. Part 1: 5-alkyl and 5-aryl-pyrazole-tetrazoles as agonists of the human orphan G-protein coupled receptor GPR109a. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 19, 2121-2124 (2009).
    • (2009) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 2121-2124
    • Imbriglio, J.E.1
  • 210
    • 67651108946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrazole acids as niacin receptor agonists for the treatment of dyslipidemia
    • Schmidt, D. et al. Pyrazole acids as niacin receptor agonists for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 19, 4768-4772 (2009).
    • (2009) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 4768-4772
    • Schmidt, D.1
  • 211
    • 77955413624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR109a agonists. Part 2: Pyrazole-acids as agonists of the human orphan G-protein coupled receptor GPR109a
    • Imbriglio, J. E. et al. GPR109a agonists. Part 2: pyrazole-acids as agonists of the human orphan G-protein coupled receptor GPR109a. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 20, 4472-4474 (2010).
    • (2010) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 4472-4474
    • Imbriglio, J.E.1
  • 212
    • 67649682526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenolic acids suppress adipocyte lipolysis via activation of the nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (HM74a/PUMA-G)
    • Ren, N. et al. Phenolic acids suppress adipocyte lipolysis via activation of the nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (HM74a/PUMA-G). J. Lipid Res. 50, 908-914 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Lipid Res. , vol.50 , pp. 908-914
    • Ren, N.1
  • 213
    • 79955464454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity relationships of trans-substituted-propenoic acid derivatives on the nicotinic acid receptor HCA2 (GPR109A)
    • van Veldhoven, J. P. et al. Structure-activity relationships of trans-substituted-propenoic acid derivatives on the nicotinic acid receptor HCA2 (GPR109A). Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 21, 2736-2739 (2011).
    • (2011) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.21 , pp. 2736-2739
    • Van Veldhoven, J.P.1
  • 214
    • 37049006087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of biaryl anthranilides as full agonists for the high affinity niacin receptor
    • Shen, H. C. et al. Discovery of biaryl anthranilides as full agonists for the high affinity niacin receptor. J. Med. Chem. 50, 6303-6306 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Med. Chem. , vol.50 , pp. 6303-6306
    • Shen, H.C.1
  • 215
    • 35848938923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of orally bioavailable and novel urea agonists of the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109A
    • Shen, H. C. et al. Discovery of orally bioavailable and novel urea agonists of the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109A. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17, 6723-6728 (2007).
    • (2007) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.17 , pp. 6723-6728
    • Shen, H.C.1
  • 216
    • 77953284809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthranilic acid replacements in a niacin receptor agonist
    • Schmidt, D. et al. Anthranilic acid replacements in a niacin receptor agonist. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 20, 3426-3430 (2010).
    • (2010) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 3426-3430
    • Schmidt, D.1
  • 217
    • 44149102914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetrahydro anthranilic acid as a surrogate for anthranilic acid: Application to the discovery of potent niacin receptor agonists
    • Raghavan, S. et al. Tetrahydro anthranilic acid as a surrogate for anthranilic acid: application to the discovery of potent niacin receptor agonists. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 18, 3163-3167 (2008).
    • (2008) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.18 , pp. 3163-3167
    • Raghavan, S.1
  • 218
    • 77953289793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of pyrazolyl propionyl cyclohexenamide derivatives as full agonists for the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109A
    • Ding, F. X. et al. Discovery of pyrazolyl propionyl cyclohexenamide derivatives as full agonists for the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109A. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 20, 3372-3375 (2010).
    • (2010) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 3372-3375
    • Ding, F.X.1
  • 219
    • 77949868548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of a biaryl cyclohexene carboxylic acid (MK-6892): A potent and selective high affinity niacin receptor full agonist with reduced flushing profiles in animals as a preclinical candidate
    • Shen, H. C. et al. Discovery of a biaryl cyclohexene carboxylic acid (MK-6892): a potent and selective high affinity niacin receptor full agonist with reduced flushing profiles in animals as a preclinical candidate. J. Med. Chem. 53, 2666-2670 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Med. Chem. , vol.53 , pp. 2666-2670
    • Shen, H.C.1
  • 220
    • 77956169457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrido pyrimidinones as selective agonists of the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109A: Optimization of in vitro activity
    • Peters, J. U. et al. Pyrido pyrimidinones as selective agonists of the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109A: optimization of in vitro activity. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 20, 5426-5430 (2010).
    • (2010) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 5426-5430
    • Peters, J.U.1
  • 221
    • 51349100188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of pyrazolopyrimidines as the first class of allosteric agonists for the high affinity nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A
    • Shen, H. C. et al. Discovery of pyrazolopyrimidines as the first class of allosteric agonists for the high affinity nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 18, 4948-4951 (2008).
    • (2008) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.18 , pp. 4948-4951
    • Shen, H.C.1
  • 222
    • 84859789565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel 3,6,7-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines as positive allosteric modulators for the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (GPR109A)
    • Blad, C. C. et al. Novel 3,6,7-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines as positive allosteric modulators for the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (GPR109A). J. Med. Chem. 55, 3563-3567 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Med. Chem. , vol.55 , pp. 3563-3567
    • Blad, C.C.1
  • 224
    • 66649106645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HM74a agonists: Will they be the new generation of nicotinic acid?
    • Martres, P. HM74a agonists: will they be the new generation of nicotinic acid? Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 9, 428-435 (2009).
    • (2009) Curr. Top. Med. Chem. , vol.9 , pp. 428-435
    • Martres, P.1
  • 225
    • 68249100190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acyl hydroxypyrazoles as novel agonists for high-affinity nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A: WO2008051403
    • Shen, H. C. Acyl hydroxypyrazoles as novel agonists for high-affinity nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A: WO2008051403. Expert Opin. Ther. Pat. 19, 1149-1155 (2009).
    • (2009) Expert Opin. Ther. Pat. , vol.19 , pp. 1149-1155
    • Shen, H.C.1
  • 226
    • 67650410238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel patent publications on high-affinity nicotinic acid receptor agonists
    • Shen, H. C. & Colletti, S. L. Novel patent publications on high-affinity nicotinic acid receptor agonists. Expert Opin. Ther. Pat. 19, 957-967 (2009).
    • (2009) Expert Opin. Ther. Pat. , vol.19 , pp. 957-967
    • Shen, H.C.1    Colletti, S.L.2
  • 227
    • 0027370159 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a LD78 receptor and putative leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptors
    • Nomura, H., Nielsen, B. W. & Matsushima, K. Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a LD78 receptor and putative leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptors. Int. Immunol. 5, 1239-1249 (1993).
    • (1993) Int. Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 1239-1249
    • Nomura, H.1    Nielsen, B.W.2    Matsushima, K.3
  • 228
  • 229
    • 0031914110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous analysis of plasma free fatty acids and their 3-hydroxy analogs in fatty acid beta-oxidation disorders
    • Costa, C. G. et al. Simultaneous analysis of plasma free fatty acids and their 3-hydroxy analogs in fatty acid beta-oxidation disorders. Clin. Chem. 44, 463-471 (1998).
    • (1998) Clin. Chem. , vol.44 , pp. 463-471
    • Costa, C.G.1
  • 230
    • 0036137893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of quantitative 3-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid to the stable isotope gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for measuring 3-hydroxy fatty acids
    • Jones, P. M., Tjoa, S., Fennessey, P. V., Goodman, S. I. & Bennett, M. J. Addition of quantitative 3-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid to the stable isotope gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for measuring 3-hydroxy fatty acids. Clin. Chem. 48, 176-179 (2002).
    • (2002) Clin. Chem. , vol.48 , pp. 176-179
    • Jones, P.M.1    Tjoa, S.2    Fennessey, P.V.3    Goodman, S.I.4    Bennett, M.J.5
  • 231
    • 70350346153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR109A, GPR109B and GPR81, a family of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors
    • Ahmed, K., Tunaru, S. & Offermanns, S. GPR109A, GPR109B and GPR81, a family of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 30, 557-562 (2009).
    • (2009) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 557-562
    • Ahmed, K.1    Tunaru, S.2    Offermanns, S.3
  • 232
    • 77951652897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for constitutive dimerization of niacin receptor subtypes
    • Mandrika, I., Petrovska, R. & Klovins, J. Evidence for constitutive dimerization of niacin receptor subtypes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 395, 281-287 (2010).
    • (2010) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.395 , pp. 281-287
    • Mandrika, I.1    Petrovska, R.2    Klovins, J.3
  • 233
    • 29644441229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triglyceride modulation by acifran analogs: Activity towards the niacin high and low affinity G protein-coupled receptors HM74A and HM74
    • Mahboubi, K. et al. Triglyceride modulation by acifran analogs: activity towards the niacin high and low affinity G protein-coupled receptors HM74A and HM74. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 340, 482-490 (2006).
    • (2006) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.340 , pp. 482-490
    • Mahboubi, K.1
  • 234
    • 34147167096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analogues of acifran: Agonists of the high and low affinity niacin receptors, GPR109a and GPR109b
    • Jung, J. K. et al. Analogues of acifran: agonists of the high and low affinity niacin receptors, GPR109a and GPR109b. J. Med. Chem. 50, 1445-1448 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Med. Chem. , vol.50 , pp. 1445-1448
    • Jung, J.K.1
  • 235
    • 33144455148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-alkyl-benzotriazole-5-carboxylic acids are highly selective agonists of the human orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR109b
    • Semple, G. et al. 1-alkyl-benzotriazole-5-carboxylic acids are highly selective agonists of the human orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR109b. J. Med. Chem. 49, 1227-1230 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Med. Chem. , vol.49 , pp. 1227-1230
    • Semple, G.1
  • 236
    • 35648974737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-nitro-4-amino benzoic acids and 6-amino nicotinic acids are highly selective agonists of GPR109b
    • Skinner, P. J. et al. 3-nitro-4-amino benzoic acids and 6-amino nicotinic acids are highly selective agonists of GPR109b. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17, 6619-6622 (2007).
    • (2007) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.17 , pp. 6619-6622
    • Skinner, P.J.1
  • 237
    • 67649984195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-N,N-disubstituted 5-aminopyrazole-3-carboxylic acids are highly potent agonists of GPR109b
    • Skinner, P. J. et al. 5-N,N-disubstituted 5-aminopyrazole-3-carboxylic acids are highly potent agonists of GPR109b. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 19, 4207-4209 (2009).
    • (2009) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 4207-4209
    • Skinner, P.J.1
  • 238
    • 84864570953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The succinate receptor as a novel therapeutic target for oxidative and metabolic stress-related conditions
    • Ariza, A. C., Deen, P. M. T. & Robben, J. H. The succinate receptor as a novel therapeutic target for oxidative and metabolic stress-related conditions. Front. Endocrinol. 3, 22 (2012).
    • (2012) Front. Endocrinol. , vol.3 , pp. 22
    • Ariza, A.C.1    Deen, P.M.T.2    Robben, J.H.3
  • 239
    • 2442649129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citric acid cycle intermediates as ligands for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors
    • He, W. et al. Citric acid cycle intermediates as ligands for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature 429, 188-193 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature , vol.429 , pp. 188-193
    • He, W.1
  • 240
    • 46749087465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Succinate receptor GPR91 provides a direct link between high glucose levels and renin release in murine and rabbit kidney
    • Toma, I. et al. Succinate receptor GPR91 provides a direct link between high glucose levels and renin release in murine and rabbit kidney. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 2526-2534 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.118 , pp. 2526-2534
    • Toma, I.1
  • 241
    • 53549118277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The succinate receptor GPR91 in neurons has a major role in retinal angiogenesis
    • Sapieha, P. et al. The succinate receptor GPR91 in neurons has a major role in retinal angiogenesis. Nature Med. 14, 1067-1076 (2008).
    • (2008) Nature Med , vol.14 , pp. 1067-1076
    • Sapieha, P.1
  • 242
    • 54549089749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triggering the succinate receptor GPR91 on dendritic cells enhances immunity
    • Rubic, T. et al. Triggering the succinate receptor GPR91 on dendritic cells enhances immunity. Nature Immunol. 9, 1261-1269 (2008).
    • (2008) Nature Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 1261-1269
    • Rubic, T.1
  • 243
    • 65649111290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the succinate receptor GPR91 in macula densa cells causes renin release
    • Vargas, S. L., Toma, I., Kang, J. J., Meer, E. J. & Peti-Peterdi, J. Activation of the succinate receptor GPR91 in macula densa cells causes renin release. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20, 1002-1011 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.20 , pp. 1002-1011
    • Vargas, S.L.1    Toma, I.2    Kang, J.J.3    Meer, E.J.4    Peti-Peterdi, J.5
  • 244
    • 42649146229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profiling for the identification of G-protein coupled receptors in human platelets
    • Amisten, S., Braun, O. O., Bengtsson, A. & Erlinge, D. Gene expression profiling for the identification of G-protein coupled receptors in human platelets. Thromb. Res. 122, 47-57 (2008).
    • (2008) Thromb. Res. , vol.122 , pp. 47-57
    • Amisten, S.1    Braun, O.O.2    Bengtsson, A.3    Erlinge, D.4
  • 245
    • 54549087794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression
    • Regard, J. B., Sato, I. T. & Coughlin, S. R. Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. Cell 135, 561-571 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell , vol.135 , pp. 561-571
    • Regard, J.B.1    Sato, I.T.2    Coughlin, S.R.3
  • 246
    • 78649662102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High glucose and renin release: The role of succinate and GPR91
    • Peti-Peterdi, J. High glucose and renin release: the role of succinate and GPR91. Kidney Int. 78, 1214-1217 (2010).
    • (2010) Kidney Int. , vol.78 , pp. 1214-1217
    • Peti-Peterdi, J.1
  • 247
    • 71149117826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of the succinate receptor in the distal nephron and its signaling in polarized MDCK cells
    • Robben, J. H. et al. Localization of the succinate receptor in the distal nephron and its signaling in polarized MDCK cells. Kidney Int. 76, 1258-1267 (2009).
    • (2009) Kidney Int , vol.76 , pp. 1258-1267
    • Robben, J.H.1
  • 248
    • 79957856238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of a potent and selective small molecule hGPR91 antagonist
    • Bhuniya, D. et al. Discovery of a potent and selective small molecule hGPR91 antagonist. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 21, 3596-3602 (2011).
    • (2011) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.21 , pp. 3596-3602
    • Bhuniya, D.1
  • 249
    • 9444220203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR99, a new G protein-coupled receptor with homology to a new subgroup of nucleotide receptors
    • Wittenberger, T. et al. GPR99, a new G protein-coupled receptor with homology to a new subgroup of nucleotide receptors. BMC Genomics 3, 17 (2002).
    • (2002) BMC Genomics , vol.3 , pp. 17
    • Wittenberger, T.1
  • 250
    • 20444369927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR80/99, proposed to be the P2Y(15) receptor activated by adenosine and AMP, is not a P2Y receptor
    • Qi, A. D., Harden, T. K. & Nicholas, R. A. GPR80/99, proposed to be the P2Y(15) receptor activated by adenosine and AMP, is not a P2Y receptor. Purinerg. Signal. 1, 67-74 (2004).
    • (2004) Purinerg. Signal. , vol.1 , pp. 67-74
    • Qi, A.D.1    Harden, T.K.2    Nicholas, R.A.3
  • 251
    • 77951256194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous quantitative determination of alpha-ketoglutaric acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in human plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Wagner, B. M., Donnarumma, F., Wintersteiger, R., Windischhofer, W. & Leis, H. J. Simultaneous quantitative determination of alpha-ketoglutaric acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in human plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396, 2629-2637 (2010).
    • (2010) Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , vol.396 , pp. 2629-2637
    • Wagner, B.M.1    Donnarumma, F.2    Wintersteiger, R.3    Windischhofer, W.4    Leis, H.J.5
  • 253
    • 84858020291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FAT SIGNALS-lipases and lipolysis in lipid metabolism and signaling
    • Zechner, R. et al. FAT SIGNALS-lipases and lipolysis in lipid metabolism and signaling. Cell. Metab. 15, 279-291 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell. Metab. , vol.15 , pp. 279-291
    • Zechner, R.1
  • 254
    • 27544491916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of determinants of ligand binding to the nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (HM74A/PUMA-G)
    • Tunaru, S., Lattig, J., Kero, J., Krause, G. & Offermanns, S. Characterization of determinants of ligand binding to the nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (HM74A/PUMA-G). Mol. Pharmacol. 68, 1271-1280 (2005).
    • (2005) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.68 , pp. 1271-1280
    • Tunaru, S.1    Lattig, J.2    Kero, J.3    Krause, G.4    Offermanns, S.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.