메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 130, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 184-192

Physical punishment and mental disorders: Results from a nationally representative US sample

Author keywords

Child abuse; Child neglect; Mental disorders; Mental health; Personality disorders

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; CHILD ABUSE; CHILD NEGLECT; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG ABUSE; EMOTIONAL ABUSE; EMOTIONAL DISORDER; EMOTIONAL NEGLECT; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MOOD DISORDER; PARTNER VIOLENCE; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PHYSICAL PUNISHMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUNISHMENT; SEX DIFFERENCE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84864513271     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 10984275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-2947     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (161)

References (61)
  • 2
    • 0028508780 scopus 로고
    • Corporal punishment of adolescents by parents: A risk factor in the epidemiology of depression, suicide, alcohol abuse, child abuse, and wife beating
    • Straus MA, Kantor GK. Corporal punishment of adolescents by parents: a risk factor in the epidemiology of depression, suicide, alcohol abuse, child abuse, and wife beating. Adolescence. 1994;29(115):543-561
    • (1994) Adolescence , vol.29 , Issue.115 , pp. 543-561
    • Straus, M.A.1    Kantor, G.K.2
  • 3
    • 0033140228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporal punishment by American parents: National data on prevalence, chronicity, severity, and duration, in relation to child and family characteristics
    • Straus MA, Stewart JH. Corporal punishment by American parents: national data on prevalence, chronicity, severity, and duration, in relation to child and family characteristics. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 1999;2(2):55-70
    • (1999) Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 55-70
    • Straus, M.A.1    Stewart, J.H.2
  • 4
    • 50849110837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speak softly-and forget the stick. Corporal punishment and child physical abuse
    • Zolotor AJ, Theodore AD, Chang JJ, Berkoff MC, Runyan DK. Speak softly-and forget the stick. Corporal punishment and child physical abuse. Am J Prev Med. 2008;35(4):364-369
    • (2008) Am J Prev Med , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 364-369
    • Zolotor, A.J.1    Theodore, A.D.2    Chang, J.J.3    Berkoff, M.C.4    Runyan, D.K.5
  • 5
    • 33750328997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical punishment, childhood abuse and psychiatric disorders
    • DOI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.04.006, PII S0145213406002250
    • Afifi TO, Brownridge DA, Cox BJ, Sareen J. Physical punishment, childhood abuse and psychiatric disorders. Child Abuse Negl. 2006;30(10):1093-1103 (Pubitemid 44635691)
    • (2006) Child Abuse and Neglect , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1093-1103
    • Afifi, T.O.1    Brownridge, D.A.2    Cox, B.J.3    Sareen, J.4
  • 7
    • 43049176688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population attributable fractions of psychiatric disorders and suicide ideation and attempts associated with adverse childhood experiences
    • DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.120253
    • Afifi TO, Enns MW, Cox BJ, Asmundson GJ, Stein MB, Sareen J. Population attributable fractions of psychiatric disorders and suicidal ideation and attempts associated with adverse childhood experiences. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(5):946-952 (Pubitemid 351671590)
    • (2008) American Journal of Public Health , vol.98 , Issue.5 , pp. 946-952
    • Afifi, T.O.1    Enns, M.W.2    Cox, B.J.3    Asmundson, G.J.G.4    Stein, M.B.5    Sareen, J.6
  • 8
    • 63149110015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between child abuse, parental divorce, and lifetime mental disorders and suicidality in a nationally representative adult sample
    • Afifi TO, Boman J, Fleisher W, Sareen J. The relationship between child abuse, parental divorce, and lifetime mental disorders and suicidality in a nationally representative adult sample. Child Abuse Negl. 2009;33(3):139-147
    • (2009) Child Abuse Negl , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 139-147
    • Afifi, T.O.1    Boman, J.2    Fleisher, W.3    Sareen, J.4
  • 9
    • 77649182332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of gambling to intimate partner violence and child maltreatment in a nationally representative sample
    • Afifi TO, Brownridge DA, MacMillan H, Sareen J. The relationship of gambling to intimate partner violence and child maltreatment in a nationally representative sample. J Psychiatr Res. 2010;44(5):331-337
    • (2010) J Psychiatr Res , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 331-337
    • Afifi, T.O.1    Brownridge, D.A.2    MacMillan, H.3    Sareen, J.4
  • 10
    • 79955902437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood adversity and personality disorders: Results from a nationally representative populationbased study
    • Afifi TO, Mather A, Boman J, et al. Childhood adversity and personality disorders: results from a nationally representative populationbased study. J Psychiatr Res. 2011;45(6):814-822
    • (2011) J Psychiatr Res , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 814-822
    • Afifi, T.O.1    Mather, A.2    Boman, J.3
  • 11
    • 37149055616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood adversities and risk for suicidal ideation and attempts: A longitudinal population-based study
    • DOI 10.1017/S0033291706008646, PII S0033291706008646
    • Enns MW, Cox BJ, Afifi TO, De Graaf R, Ten Have M, Sareen J. Childhood adversities and risk for suicidal ideation and attempts: a longitudinal population-based study. Psychol Med. 2006;36(12):1769-1778 (Pubitemid 44824738)
    • (2006) Psychological Medicine , vol.36 , Issue.12 , pp. 1769-1778
    • Enns, M.W.1    Cox, B.J.2    Afifi, T.O.3    De Graaf, R.4    Ten, H.M.5    Sareen, J.6
  • 12
    • 46849097619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and adjustment in early adulthood
    • Fergusson DM, Boden JM, Horwood LJ. Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and adjustment in early adulthood. Child Abuse Negl. 2008;32(6):607-619
    • (2008) Child Abuse Negl , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 607-619
    • Fergusson, D.M.1    Boden, J.M.2    Horwood, L.J.3
  • 13
    • 0030865364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey
    • DOI 10.1017/S0033291797005588
    • Kessler RC, Davis CG, Kendler KS. Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Psychol Med. 1997;27(5):1101-1119 (Pubitemid 27401833)
    • (1997) Psychological Medicine , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 1101-1119
    • Kessler, R.C.1    Davis, C.G.2    Kendler, K.S.3
  • 15
    • 0035035594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology: Results from the national comorbidity survey
    • Molnar BE, Buka SL, Kessler RC. Child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(5):753-760 (Pubitemid 32397911)
    • (2001) American Journal of Public Health , vol.91 , Issue.5 , pp. 753-760
    • Molnar, B.E.1    Buka, S.L.2    Kessler, R.C.3
  • 16
    • 20444376126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood adversity and perceived need for mental health care: Findings from a Canadian community sample
    • DOI 10.1097/01.nmd.0000165293.62537.c9
    • Sareen J, Fleisher W, Cox BJ, Hassard S, Stein MB. Childhood adversity and perceived need for mental health care: findings from a Canadian community sample. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2005;193(6):396-404 (Pubitemid 40800629)
    • (2005) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.193 , Issue.6 , pp. 396-404
    • Sareen, J.1    Fleisher, W.2    Cox, B.J.3    Hassard, S.4    Stein, M.B.5
  • 17
    • 77954516487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospectively ascertained child maltreatment and its association with DSM-IV mental disorders in young adults
    • Scott KM, Smith DR, Ellis PM. Prospectively ascertained child maltreatment and its association with DSM-IV mental disorders in young adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(7):712-719
    • (2010) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.67 , Issue.7 , pp. 712-719
    • Scott, K.M.1    Smith, D.R.2    Ellis, P.M.3
  • 18
    • 84855294029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early childhood adversity, toxic stress, and the role of the pediatrician: Translating developmental science into lifelong health
    • Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health; Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent Care; Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Available at
    • Garner AS, Shonkoff JP; Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health; Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent Care; Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. Early childhood adversity, toxic stress, and the role of the pediatrician: translating developmental science into lifelong health. Pediatrics. 2012;129(1). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/129/1/e224
    • (2012) Pediatrics , vol.129 , Issue.1
    • Garner, A.S.1    Shonkoff, J.P.2
  • 19
    • 0033527390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slapping and spanking in childhood and its association with lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a general population sample
    • MacMillan HL, Boyle MH, Wong MY, Duku EK, Fleming JE, Walsh CA. Slapping and spanking in childhood and its association with lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a general population sample. CMAJ. 1999;161(7):805-809 (Pubitemid 29476334)
    • (1999) Canadian Medical Association Journal , vol.161 , Issue.7 , pp. 805-809
    • MacMillan, H.L.1    Boyle, M.H.2    Wong, M.Y.-Y.3    Duku, E.K.4    Fleming, J.E.5    Walsh, C.A.6
  • 20
    • 84864520126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical punishment of children: Lessons from 20 years of research
    • published online ahead of print February 6, 2012 doi:10.1503/cmaj.101314
    • Durrant J, Ensom R. Physical punishment of children: lessons from 20 years of research [published online ahead of print February 6, 2012]. CMAJ. doi:10.1503/cmaj.101314
    • CMAJ
    • Durrant, J.1    Ensom, R.2
  • 21
  • 24
    • 7544236930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The limits of child effects: Evidence for genetically mediated child effects on corporal punishment but not on physical maltreatment
    • DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.1047
    • Jaffee SR, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Polo-Tomas M, Price TS, Taylor A. The limits of child effects: evidence for genetically mediated child effects on corporal punishment but not on physical maltreatment. Dev Psychol. 2004;40(6):1047-1058 (Pubitemid 39454155)
    • (2004) Developmental Psychology , vol.40 , Issue.6 , pp. 1047-1058
    • Jaffee, S.R.1    Caspi, A.2    Moffitt, T.E.3    Polp-Tomas, M.4    Price, T.S.5    Taylor, A.6
  • 25
    • 85047672292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review
    • Gershoff ET. Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: a meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychol Bull. 2002;128(4):539-579
    • (2002) Psychol Bull , vol.128 , Issue.4 , pp. 539-579
    • Gershoff, E.T.1
  • 26
    • 77149127431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On hitting children: A review of corporal punishment in the United States
    • Knox M. On hitting children: a review of corporal punishment in the United States. J Pediatr Health Care. 2010;24(2):103-107
    • (2010) J Pediatr Health Care , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-107
    • Knox, M.1
  • 28
    • 70349220842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates and consequences of spanking and verbal punishment for low-income white, African American, and Mexican American toddlers
    • Berlin LJ, Ispa JM, Fine MA, et al. Correlates and consequences of spanking and verbal punishment for low-income white, African American, and Mexican American toddlers. Child Dev. 2009;80(5):1403-1420
    • (2009) Child Dev , vol.80 , Issue.5 , pp. 1403-1420
    • Berlin, L.J.1    Ispa, J.M.2    Fine, M.A.3
  • 29
    • 0035512449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The home environments of children in the United States Part II: Relations with behavioral development through age thirteen
    • Bradley RH, Convyn RF, Burchinal M, McAdoo HP, Coll CG. The home environments of children in the United States part II: relations with behavioral development through age thirteen. Child Dev. 2001;72(6):1868-1886 (Pubitemid 33602793)
    • (2001) Child Development , vol.72 , Issue.6 , pp. 1868-1886
    • Bradley, R.H.1    Corwyn, R.F.2    Burchinal, M.3    McAdoo, H.P.4    Garcia, C.C.5
  • 30
    • 2342510988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spanking in Early Childhood and Later Behavior Problems: A Prospective Study of Infants and Young Toddlers
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.113.5.1321
    • Slade EP, Wissow LS. Spanking in early childhood and later behavior problems: a prospective study of infants and young toddlers. Pediatrics. 2004;113(5):1321-1330 (Pubitemid 38584577)
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , Issue.5 I , pp. 1321-1330
    • Slade, E.P.1    Wissow, L.S.2
  • 31
    • 84974112143 scopus 로고
    • Spanking in the home and children's subsequent aggression toward kindergarten peers
    • Strassberg Z, Dodge KA, Pettit GS, Bates JE. Spanking in the home and children's subsequent aggression toward kindergarten peers. Dev Psychopathol. 1994;6(3):445-461
    • (1994) Dev Psychopathol , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 445-461
    • Strassberg, Z.1    Dodge, K.A.2    Pettit, G.S.3    Bates, J.E.4
  • 33
    • 77951786338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mothers' spanking of 3-year-old children and subsequent risk of children's aggressive behavior
    • Available at
    • Taylor CA, Manganello JA, Lee SJ, Rice JC. Mothers' spanking of 3-year-old children and subsequent risk of children's aggressive behavior. Pediatrics. 2010;125(5). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/125/ 5/e1057
    • (2010) Pediatrics , vol.125 , Issue.5
    • Taylor, C.A.1    Manganello, J.A.2    Lee, S.J.3    Rice, J.C.4
  • 34
    • 37649024680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental use of physical punishment as related to family environment, psychological well-being, and personality in undergraduates
    • Leary CE, Kelley ML, Morrow J, Mikulka PJ. Parental use of physical punishment as related to family environment, psychological well-being, and personality in undergraduates. J Fam Violence. 2008;23:1-7
    • (2008) J Fam Violence , vol.23 , pp. 1-7
    • Leary, C.E.1    Kelley, M.L.2    Morrow, J.3    Mikulka, P.J.4
  • 35
    • 77951204291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress appraisal and attitudes towards corporal punishment as intervening processes between corporal punishment and subsequent mental health
    • Mulvaney MK, Mebert CJ. Stress appraisal and attitudes towards corporal punishment as intervening processes between corporal punishment and subsequent mental health. J Fam Violence. 2010;25:401-412
    • (2010) J Fam Violence , vol.25 , pp. 401-412
    • Mulvaney, M.K.1    Mebert, C.J.2
  • 36
    • 4243110493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of child corporal punishment on depressive symptoms in young adults: Potential moderators and mediators
    • DOI 10.1177/0192513X03258313
    • Turner HA, Muller PA. Long-term effects of child corporal punishment on depressive symptoms in young adults: Potential moderators and mediators. J Fam Issues. 2004;25:761-782 (Pubitemid 39110215)
    • (2004) Journal of Family Issues , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 761-782
    • Turner, H.A.1    Muller, P.A.2
  • 37
    • 0029838298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the outcomes of parental use of nonabusive or customary physical punishment
    • Larzelere RE. A review of the outcomes of parental use of nonabusive or customary physical punishment. Pediatrics. 1996;98(4 pt 2):824-828
    • (1996) Pediatrics , vol.98 , Issue.4 PART 2 , pp. 824-828
    • Larzelere, R.E.1
  • 38
    • 85047671010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ordinary physical punishment: Is it harmful? Comment on Gershoff (2002)
    • discussion 602-611
    • Baumrind D, Larzelere RE, Cowan PA. Ordinary physical punishment: is it harmful? Comment on Gershoff (2002). Psychol Bull. 2002;128(4):580-589, discussion 602-611
    • (2002) Psychol Bull , vol.128 , Issue.4 , pp. 580-589
    • Baumrind, D.1    Larzelere, R.E.2    Cowan, P.A.3
  • 39
    • 77649276289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do nonphysical punishments reduce antisocial behavior more than spanking? A comparison using the strongest previous causal evidence against spanking
    • Larzelere RE, Cox RB Jr, Smith GL. Do nonphysical punishments reduce antisocial behavior more than spanking? A comparison using the strongest previous causal evidence against spanking. BMC Pediatr. 2010;10:10
    • (2010) BMC Pediatr , vol.10 , pp. 10
    • Larzelere, R.E.1    Cox Jr., R.B.2    Smith, G.L.3
  • 40
    • 2542619172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parents' discipline of young children: Results from the National Survey of Early Childhood Health
    • Regalado M, Sareen H, Inkelas M, Wissow LS, Halfon N. Parents' discipline of young children: results from the National Survey of Early Childhood Health. Pediatrics. 2004;113(suppl 6):1952-1958 (Pubitemid 38697951)
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , Issue.6 II , pp. 1952-1958
    • Regalado, M.1    Sareen, H.2    Inkelas, M.3    Wissow, L.S.4    Halfon, N.5
  • 41
    • 77955896933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Full spectrum of psychiatric outcomes among offspring with parental history of mental disorder
    • Dean K, Stevens H, Mortensen PB, Murray RM, Walsh E, Pedersen CB. Full spectrum of psychiatric outcomes among offspring with parental history of mental disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(8):822-829
    • (2010) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.67 , Issue.8 , pp. 822-829
    • Dean, K.1    Stevens, H.2    Mortensen, P.B.3    Murray, R.M.4    Walsh, E.5    Pedersen, C.B.6
  • 42
    • 27944487153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, correlates, co-morbidity, and comparative disability of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in the USA: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
    • DOI 10.1017/S0033291705006069, PII S0033291705006069
    • Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, et al. Prevalence, correlates, co-morbidity, and comparative disability of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2005;35(12):1747-1759 (Pubitemid 41672353)
    • (2005) Psychological Medicine , vol.35 , Issue.12 , pp. 1747-1759
    • Grant, B.F.1    Hasin, D.S.2    Stinson, F.S.3    Dawson, D.A.4    Ruan, W.J.5    Goldstein, R.B.6    Smith, S.M.7    Saha, T.D.8    Huang, B.9
  • 43
    • 0038121738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of exposure to childhood sexual abuse to other forms of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction during childhood
    • DOI 10.1016/S0145-2134(03)00105-4
    • Dong M, Anda RF, Dube SR, Giles WH, Felitti VJ. The relationship of exposure to childhood sexual abuse to other forms of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction during childhood. Child Abuse Negl. 2003;27(6):625-639 (Pubitemid 36765336)
    • (2003) Child Abuse and Neglect , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 625-639
    • Dong, M.1    Anda, R.F.2    Dube, S.R.3    Giles, W.H.4    Felitti, V.J.5
  • 44
    • 0345700696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: The adverse childhood experiences study
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.111.3.564
    • Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Dong M, Chapman DP, Giles WH, Anda RF. Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: the adverse childhood experiences study. Pediatrics. 2003;111(3):564-572 (Pubitemid 36330713)
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.111 , Issue.3 , pp. 564-572
    • Dube, S.R.1    Felitti, V.J.2    Dong, M.3    Chapman, D.P.4    Giles, W.H.5    Anda, R.F.6
  • 45
    • 84958831020 scopus 로고
    • Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: The Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales
    • Straus MA. Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: the Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales. J Marriage Fam. 1979;41(1):75-88
    • (1979) J Marriage Fam , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-88
    • Straus, M.A.1
  • 46
    • 0030306355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): Development and preliminary psychometric data
    • Straus MA, Hamby SL, Boney-McCoy S, Sugarman DB. The revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): development and preliminary psychometric data. J Fam Issues. 1996;17:283-316
    • (1996) J Fam Issues , vol.17 , pp. 283-316
    • Straus, M.A.1    Hamby, S.L.2    Boney-McCoy, S.3    Sugarman, D.B.4
  • 49
    • 36849056661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): Reliability of new psychiatric diagnostic modules and risk factors in a general population sample
    • DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.001, PII S0376871607002426
    • Ruan WJ, Goldstein RB, Chou SP, et al. The alcohol use disorder and associated disabilities interview schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): reliability of new psychiatric diagnostic modules and risk factors in a general population sample. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008;92(1-3):27-36 (Pubitemid 350218195)
    • (2008) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.92 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 27-36
    • Ruan, W.J.1    Goldstein, R.B.2    Chou, S.P.3    Smith, S.M.4    Saha, T.D.5    Pickering, R.P.6    Dawson, D.A.7    Huang, B.8    Stinson, F.S.9    Grant, B.F.10
  • 50
    • 0038380536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): Reliability of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, family history of depression and psychiatric diagnostic modules in a general population sample
    • DOI 10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00070-X
    • Grant BF, Dawson DA, Stinson FS, Chou PS, Kay W, Pickering RP. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): reliability of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, family history of depression and psychiatric diagnostic modules in a general population sample. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003;71(1):7-16 (Pubitemid 36734856)
    • (2003) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-16
    • Grant, B.F.1    Dawson, D.A.2    Stinson, F.S.3    Chou, P.S.4    Kay, W.5    Pickering, R.6
  • 51
    • 1842476125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-occurence of 12-month alcohol and drug use disorders and personality disorders in the United States
    • Grant BF, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, Ruan WJ, Pickering RP. Co-occurence of 12-month alcohol and drug use disorders and personality disorders in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61(4):361-368
    • (2004) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 361-368
    • Grant, B.F.1    Stinson, F.S.2    Dawson, D.A.3    Chou, S.P.4    Ruan, W.J.5    Pickering, R.P.6
  • 52
    • 0346860537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic Criteria From DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000
    • (2000) Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-IV-TR
  • 54
  • 55
    • 1242284405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: Review of the evidence
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00218.x
    • Hardt J, Rutter M. Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: review of the evidence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004;45(2):260-273 (Pubitemid 38240273)
    • (2004) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 260-273
    • Hardt, J.1    Rutter, M.2
  • 56
    • 0027345851 scopus 로고
    • Psychopathology and early experience: A reappraisal of retrospective reports
    • Brewin CR, Andrews B, Gotlib IH. Psychopathology and early experience: a reappraisal of retrospective reports. Psychol Bull. 1993;113(1):82-98
    • (1993) Psychol Bull , vol.113 , Issue.1 , pp. 82-98
    • Brewin, C.R.1    Andrews, B.2    Gotlib, I.H.3
  • 58
    • 1442276319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective discipline for children
    • Effective discipline for children. Paediatr Child Health. 2004;9(1):37-50
    • (2004) Paediatr Child Health , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-50
  • 59
    • 33750970005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of behavioral disorders in primary care
    • DOI 10.1097/MOP.0b013e3280106239, PII 0000848020061200000012
    • Bauer NS, Webster-Stratton C. Prevention of behavioral disorders in primary care. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2006;18(6):654-660 (Pubitemid 44747160)
    • (2006) Current Opinion in Pediatrics , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 654-660
    • Bauer, N.S.1    Webster-Stratton, C.2
  • 60
    • 35448998504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parenting programmes: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2007.00750.x
    • Kane GA, Wood VA, Barlow J. Parenting programmes: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research. Child Care Health Dev. 2007;33(6):784-793 (Pubitemid 47616823)
    • (2007) Child: Care, Health and Development , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 784-793
    • Kane, G.A.1    Wood, V.A.2    Barlow, J.3
  • 61
    • 78650983121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term impact of prevention programs to promote effective parenting: Lasting effects but uncertain processes
    • Sandler IN, Schoenfelder EN, Wolchik SA, MacKinnon DP. Long-term impact of prevention programs to promote effective parenting: lasting effects but uncertain processes. Annu Rev Psychol. 2011;62:299-329
    • (2011) Annu Rev Psychol , vol.62 , pp. 299-329
    • Sandler, I.N.1    Schoenfelder, E.N.2    Wolchik, S.A.3    MacKinnon, D.P.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.