Noninvasive monitoring of adrenocortical function in captive jaguars (Panthera onca)

Zoo Biology

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 426-441

  Conforti, Valéria A ^a,b   Morato, Ronaldo G ^b,c   Augusto, Anderson M ^d   de Oliveira e Sousa, Lúcio ^e   de Avila, David M ^a   Brown, Janine L ^f   Reeves, Jerry J ^a  

^a WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Instituto Pró Carnívoros   (Brazil)

^c INSTITUTO CHICO MENDES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE   (Brazil)

^d Médicos Veterinários Fundação Parque Jardim Zoológico da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro RIOZOO   (Brazil)

^e Parque Zoológico de Ilha Solteira   (Brazil)

^f SMITHSONIAN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

ACTH challenge; Androgen metabolites; Corticoid metabolites; Endangered cats; Fecal metabolites

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; CORTICOTROPIN;

ADRENAL CORTEX; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; ENDOCRINE FUNCTION TEST; FECES; FEMALE; MALE; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; PANTHERA; PHYSIOLOGIC MONITORING; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; STANDARD; VALIDATION STUDY; ZOO ANIMAL;

ADRENAL CORTEX; ADRENAL CORTEX FUNCTION TESTS; ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, ZOO; FECES; FEMALE; MALE; MONITORING, PHYSIOLOGIC; PANTHERA; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY;

PANTHERA; PANTHERA ONCA;

EID: 84864498548     PISSN: 07333188     EISSN: 10982361     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20409     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Abáigar T, Domené MA, Palomares F. 2010. Effects of fecal age and seasonality on steroid hormone concentration as a reproductive parameter in field studies. Eur J Wildl Res 56:781-787.
2. Bokkenheuser VD, Winter J, Morris GN, Locascio S. 1986. Steroid desmolase synthesis by Eubacterium desmolans and Clostridium cadavaris. Appl Environ Microbiol 52:1153-1156.
3. Broom DM, Johnson KG. 1993. Stress and animal welfare. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 211p.
4. Brown JL, Wildt DE, Phillips LG, Seidensticker J, Fernando SBU, Miththapala S, Goodrowe KL. 1989. Adrenal-pituitary-gonadal relationships and ejaculate characteristics in captive leopards (Panthera pardus kotiya) isolated on the island of Sri Lanka. J Reprod Fertil 85:605-613.
5. Brown JL, Wasser SK, Wildt DE, Graham LH. 1994. Comparative aspects of steroid hormone metabolism and ovarian activity in felids, measured noninvasively in feces. Biol Reprod 51:776-786.
6. Brown JL, Wildt DE, Graham LH, Byers AP, Collins L, Barrett S, Howard JG. 1995. Natural versus chorionic gonadotropin-induced ovarian responses in the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) assessed by fecal steroid analysis. Biol Reprod 53:93-102.
7. Cerone-McLernon AM, Winter J, Mosbach EH, Bokkenheuser VD. 1981. Side-chain cleavage of cortisol by fecal flora. Biochim Biophys Acta 666:341-347.
8. CITES-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ().
9. Coburn S, Salman Mo, Rhyan J, Keefe T, McCollum M, Aune K, Spraker T, Miller L. 2010. Comparison of endocrine response to stress between captive-raised and wild-caught bighorn sheep. J Wildl Manage 74:532-538.
10. Crockett CM, Shimoji M, Bowden DM. 2000. Behavior, appetite, and urinary cortisol responses by adult female pigtailed macaques to cage size, cage level, room change, and ketamine sedation. Am J Primatol 52:63-80.
11. Finkler H, Terkel J. 2010. Cortisol levels and aggression in neutered and intact free-roaming female cats living in urban social groups. Physiol Behav 99:343-347.
12. Goymann W, Möstl E, Van't Hof T, East ML, Hofer H. 1999. Noninvasive fecal monitoring of glucocorticoids in spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta. Gen Comp Endocrinol 114:340-348.
13. Graham LH, Brown JL. 1996. Cortisol metabolism in the domestic cat and implications for non-invasive monitoring of adrenocortical function in endangered felids. Zoo Biol 15:71-82.
14. Haag T, Santos AS, Sana DA, RG Morato, Cullen Jr L, Crawshaw Jr PG, de Angelo C, di Bitetti MS, Salzano FM, Eizirik E. 2010. The effect of habitat fragmentation on the genetic structure of a top predator: loss of diversity and high differentiation among remnant populations of Atlantic Forest jaguars (Panthera onca). Mol Ecol 19:4906-4921.
15. Kobelt AJ, Hemsworth PH, Barnett JL, Butler KL. 2003. Sources of sampling variation in saliva cortisol in dogs. Res Vet Sci 75:157-161.
16. Liu J, Chen Y, Guo L, Gu B, Liu H, Hou A, Liu X, Sun L, Liu D. 2006. Stereotypic behavior and fecal cortisol level in captive giant pandas in relation to environmental enrichment. Zoo Biol 25:445-459.
17. McCobb EC, Patronek GJ, Marder A, Dinnage JD, Stone MS. 2005. Assessment of stress levels among cats in four animal shelters. Am Vet Med Assoc 226:548-555.
18. Morato RG, Bueno MG, Malmheister P, Verreschi ITN, Barnabe RC. 2004. Changes in the fecal concentrations of cortisol and androgen metabolites in captive male jaguars (Panthera onca) in response to stress. Braz J Med Biol Res 37:1903-1907.
19. Moreira N, Brown JL, Moraes W, Swanson WF, Monteiro-Filho ELA. 2007. Effect of housing and environmental enrichment on adrenocortical activity, behavior and reproductive cyclicity in the female tigrina (Leopardus tigrinus) and margay (Leopardus wiedii). Zoo Biol 26:441-460.
20. Morgan KN, Tromborg CT. 2007. Sources of stress in captivity. Appl Anim Behav Sci 102:262-302.
21. Owen MA, Swaisgood RR, Czekala NM, Steinman K, Lindburg DG. 2004. Monitoring stress in captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca): behavioral and hormonal responses to ambient noises. Zoo Biol 23:147-164.
22. Phogat JB, Smith RF, Dobson H. 1997. The influence of stress on neuroendocrine control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Vet Bull 67:551-567.
23. Rees PA. 2004. Low environmental temperature causes an increase in stereotypic behavior in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). J Therm Biol 29:37-43.
24. Rosas-Rosas OC, Valdez R. 2010. The role of landowners in jaguar conservation in Sonora, Mexico. Conserv Biol 24:366-371.
25. Sakellaris PC, Vernikos-Danellis J. 1975. Increased rate of response of the pituitary-adrenal system in rats adapted to chronic stress. Endocrinology 97:597-602.
26. Schatz S, Palme R. 2001. Measurement of faecal cortisol metabolites in cats and dogs: a non-invasive method for evaluating adrenocortical function. Vet Res Commun 25:271-287.
27. Schwarzenberger F, Möstl E, Bamberg E, Pammer J, Schmehlik O. 1991. Concentrations of progestagens and oestrogens in the faeces of pregnant Lipizzan, Trotter and Thoroughbred mares. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 44:489-499.
28. Seymour KL. 1989. Panthera onca. Mamm Species 340:1-9.
29. Smith RF, Dobson H. 2002. Hormonal interactions within the hypothalamus and pituitary with respect to stress and reproduction in sheep. Domest Anim Endocrinol 23:75-85.
30. Swank WG, Teer JG. 1987. Status of the Jaguar, 1987. Washington, DC: The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.
31. Swank WG, Teer JG. 1989. Status of the Jaguar-1987. Oryx 23:14-21.
32. Wasser SK, Hunt KE, Brown JL, Cooper K, Crockett CM, Bechert U, Millspaugh JJ, Larson S, Monfort SL. 2000. A generalized fecal glucocorticoid assay for use in a diverse array of nondomestic mammalian and avian species. Gen Comp Endocrinol 120:260-275.
33. Wielebnowski NC, Fletchall N, Carlstead K, Busso JM, Brown JL. 2002. Noninvasive assessment of adrenal activity associated with husbandry and behavioral factors in the North American clouded leopard population. Zoo Biol 21:77-98.
34. Wildt DE, Phillips LG, Simmons LG, Chakraborty PK, Brown JL, Howard JG, Teare A, Bush M. 1988. A comparative analysis of ejaculate and hormonal characteristics of the captive male cheetah, tiger, leopard, and puma. Biol Reprod 38:245-255.
35. Wilson DE, Reeder DM. 2005. Mammal species of the world-a taxonomic and geographic reference, Vol. 1, 3rd ed. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 2142p.
36. Winter J, Brokkenheuser VD, Ponticorvo L. 1979. Bacterial metabolism of corticoids with particular reference to the 21-dehydroxylation. J Biol Chem 254:2626-2629.
37. Young KM, Walker SL, Lanthier C, Waddell WT, Monfort SL, Brown JL. 2004. Noninvasive monitoring of adrenocortical activity in carnivores by fecal glucocorticoid analyses. Gen Comp Endocrinol 137:148-165.
38. Zar JH. 2009. Biostatistical analysis, 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 960p.