The 'recession-push' hypothesis reconsidered

International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 325-342

  Congregado, Emilio ^a   Golpe, Antonio ^a   van Stel, André ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HUELVA   (Spain)

^b EIM Group   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cointegration; Entrepreneurship; Non linear; Self employment; Unemployment

Indexed keywords

EID: 84864397712     PISSN: 15547191     EISSN: 15551938     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11365-011-0176-1     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D. B., & Evans, D. S. (1994). The determinants of variation in the self-employment rates across countries and over time. CEPR Discussion Paper 871.
2. Ahn, N., & de la Rica, S. (1997). The underground economy in Spain: an alternative to unemployment? Applied Economics, 29, 733-743.
3. Alañón, A., & Gómez-Antonio, M. (2005). Estimating the size of the shadow economy in Spain: a structural model with latent variables. Applied Economics, 37, 1011-1025.
4. Audretsch, D. B., & Acs, Z. J. (1994). New firm start-ups, technology and macroeconomic fluctuations. Small Business Economics, 6, 439-449.
5. Audretsch, D. B., Carree, M. A., van Stel, A. J., & Thurik, A. R. (2002). Impeded industrial restructuring: the growth penalty. Kyklos, 55(1), 81-98.
6. Binks, M., & Jennings, A. (1986). Small firms as a source of economic rejuvenation. In J. Curran, J. Stanworth, & D. Watkins (Eds.), The survival of the small firm (Vol. 1, pp. 19-37). Aldershot: Gower.
7. Black, J., de Meza, D., & Jeffreys, D. (1996). House prices, the supply of collateral and the enterprise economy. Economic Journal, 106, 60-75.
8. Blanchflower, D. G. (2000). Self-employment in OECD countries. Labour Economics, 7, 471-505.
9. Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (1998). What makes an entrepreneur? Journal of Labour Economics, 16, 26-60.
10. Bögenhold, D., & Staber, U. (1991). The decline and rise of self-employment. Work Employment and Society, 5, 223-239.
11. Bruce, D. (2000). Effects of the United States tax system on transitions into self-employment. Labour Economics, 7, 545-574.
12. Carrasco, R. (1999). Transitions to and from self-employment in Spain: an empirical analysis. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(3), 315-341.
13. Clark, K., & Drinkwater, S. (1998). Ethnicity and self-employment in Britain. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 60, 383-407.
14. Clark, K., & Drinkwater, S. (2000). Pushed out or pulled in? Self-employment among minorities in England and Wales. Labour Economics, 7, 603-628.
15. Congregado, E. (Ed.). (2008). Measuring entrepreneurship; building a statistical system. NewYork: Springer.
16. Cowling, M., & Mitchell, P. (1997). The evolution of UK self-employment: a study of government policy and the role of the macroeconomy. The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 65, 427-442.
17. Cullen, J. B., & Gordon, R. H. (2002). Taxes and entrepreneurial activity: theory and evidence for the US. NBER Working Paper 9015. Cambridge, MA: NBER.
18. Dell'Anno, R., Gómez-Antonio, M., & Pardo, A. (2007). The shadow economy in three Mediterranean countries: France, Spain and Greece. A MIMIC approach. Empirical Economics, 33, 51-84.
19. Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427-431.
20. Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49, 1057-1072.
21. Foti, A., & Vivarelli, M. (1994). An econometric test of the self-employment model: the case of Italy. Small Business Economics, 6, 81-93.
22. Georgellis, Y., & Wall, H. J. (2005). Gender differences in self-employment. International Review of Applied Economics, 19(3), 321-342.
23. Golpe, A., & van Stel, A. (2008). Self-employment and unemployment in Spanish regions in the period 1979-2001. In E. Congregado (Ed.), Measuring entrepreneurship; building a statistical system (pp. 191-204). NewYork: Springer.
24. Hamilton, R. T. (1989). Unemployment and business formation rates: reconciling time series and cross-section evidence. Environment and Planning, 21, 249-255.
25. Hansen, B. E., & Seo, B. (2002). Testing for two-regime threshold cointegration in vector error-correction models. Journal of Econometrics, 110, 293-318.
26. Harrison, R. T., & Hart, M. (1983). Factors influencing new business formation: a case study of Northern Ireland. Environment and Planning, 15, 1395-1412.
27. Highfield, R., & Smiley, R. (1987). New business starts and economic activity: an empirical investigation. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 5, 51-66.
28. Hudson, J. (1989). The birth and death of firms. Quarterly Review of Economics and Business, 29, 68-86.
29. Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2), 231-254.
30. Johansen, S. (1991). Estimation and hypothesis testing of cointegrated vectors in Gaussian vector autoregressive models. Econometrica, 59, 1551-1580.
31. Lin, Z., Picot, G., & Compton, J. (2000). The entry and exit dynamics of self-employment in Canada. Small Business Economics, 15, 105-125.
32. Lindh, T., & Ohlsson, H. (1996). Self-employment and windfall gains: evidence from the Swedish lottery. Economic Journal, 106, 1515-1526.
33. Meager, N. (1994). Self-employment schemes for the unemployed in the European Community. In G. Schmid (Ed.), Labour market institutions in Europe (pp. 183-242). New York: M. E. Sharpe.
34. Ng, S., & Perron, P. (2001). Lag length selection and the construction of unit root tests with good size and power. Econometrica, 69, 1529-1554.
35. Parker, S. C. (1996). A time series model of self-employment under uncertainty. Economica, 63, 459-475.
36. Parker, S. C., & Robson, M. T. (2004). Explaining international variations in self-employment: evidence from a panel of OECD countries. Southern Economic Journal, 71, 287-301.
37. Phillips, P. C. B., & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75, 335-346.
38. Ray, R. N. (1975). Self-employed Americans in 1973. Monthly Labor Review, 98, 49-54.
39. Reynolds, P. D., Storey, D. J., & Westhead, P. (1994). Cross-national comparisons of the variation in new firm formation rates. Regional Studies, 28, 443-456.
40. Robson, M. T. (1991). Self-employment and new firm formation. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 38, 352-368.
41. Robson, M. T. (1996). Macroeconomic factors in the birth and death of UK firms: evidence from quarterly VAT registrations. The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 64, 170-188.
42. Robson, M. T. (1998a). Self-employment in the UK regions. Applied Economics, 30, 313-322.
43. Robson, M. T. (1998b). The rise in self-employment amongst UK males. Small Business Economics, 10, 199-212.
44. Schneider, F. (2005). Shadow economies around the world: what do we really know? European Journal of Political Economy, 21, 598-642.
45. Steinmetz, G., & Wright, E. (1989). The fall and rise of the petty bourgeoisie: changing patterns of self-employment in the postwar United States. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 973-1018.
46. Storey, D. J. (1991). The birth of new firms-does unemployment matter? A review of the evidence. Small Business Economics, 3, 167-178.
47. Storey, D. J. (1994). Understanding the small business sector. London: Routledge.
48. Storey, D. J., & Jones, A. M. (1987). New firm formation-a labour market approach to industrial entry. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 34, 37-51.
49. Taylor, M. (1996). Earnings, independence or unemployment: why become self-employed? Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 58, 253-266.
50. Thurik, A. R., Carree, M. A., van Stel, A. J., & Audretsch, D. B. (2008). Does self-employment reduce unemployment? Journal of Business Venturing, 23(6), 673-686.
51. Torrini, R. (2005). Cross-country differences in self-employment rates: the role of institutions. Labour Economics, 12, 661-683.
52. van Praag, C. M., & van Ophem, H. (1995). Determinants of willingness and opportunity to start as an entrepreneur. Kyklos, 48, 513-540.