Residents' attitudes and behaviour before and after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruptions-a case study from southern Iceland

Bulletin of Volcanology

Volumn 74, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 1263-1279

  Bird, Deanne K ^a,b   Gísladóttir, Gudrún ^b  

^a MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

Author keywords

Emergency response; Katla; Mixed methods; Risk perception; Volcanic ash

Indexed keywords

ASH FLOW; HAZARD MANAGEMENT; OUTBURST; PUBLIC ATTITUDE; RISK PERCEPTION; SOCIAL IMPACT; STRATEGIC APPROACH; VOLCANIC ASH; VOLCANIC ERUPTION; VULNERABILITY;

EYJAFJALLAJOKULL; ICELAND; KATLA;

EID: 84864380643     PISSN: 02588900     EISSN: 14320819     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00445-012-0595-z     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Almannavarnir (2000) Katla: Áhættugreining vegna hugsanlegs goss og hlaups ni{eth}ur Mýrdalssand - Aflei{eth}ingar. Orion, Reykjavík. Available from http://www. almannavarnir. is/upload/files/AVR0199SK1c. pdf, p 65.
2. Andrésdóttir K, Ólafsson (2011) Eldgos í Eyjafjallajökli: Áhrif á búféna{eth} og búfjarafur{eth}ir, Fræ{eth}a{thorn}ing landbúna{eth}arins 2011, http://www. mast. is/Uploads/document/Skyrslur/Eyjafjallajokullahrifheilsufarbufjar100311. pdf accessed: 19 August 2011.
3. Bændabla{eth}i{eth} (2010) Hvetja bændur um allt land til {thorn}ess a{eth} heyja {thorn}a{eth} sem {thorn}eir geta. In: Bændabla{eth}i{eth}, published by the Farmers Association of Iceland, Reykjavik. Issue 326, p. 11.
4. Bajek R, Matsuda Y, Okada N (2008) Japan's Jishu-bosai-soshiki community activities: analysis of its role in participatory community disaster risk management. Nat Hazard 44(2): 281-292.
5. Barclay J, Haynes K, Mitchell T, Solana C, Teeuw R, Darnell A, Crosweller HS, Cole P, Pyle D, Lowe C, Fearnley C, Kelman I (2008) Framing volcanic risk communication within disaster risk reduction: finding ways for the social and physical sciences to work together. In: Liverman DGE, Pereira CPG, Marker B (eds) Communicating environmental geoscience. Geological Society of London, London, pp 163-177.
6. Bennett AJ, Odams P, Edwards D, Arason (2010) Monitoring of lightning from the April-May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption using a very low frequency lightning location network. Environ Res Lett 5: 044013.
7. Bird DK (2010) Social dimensions of volcanic hazards, risk and emergency response procedures in southern Iceland. PhD thesis, University of Iceland/Macquarie University, Reykjavik/Sydney.
8. Bird D, Roberts MJ, Dominey-Howes D (2008) Usage of an early warning and information system web-site for real-time seismicity in Iceland. Nat Hazard 47(1): 75-94.
9. Bird DK, Gísladóttir G, Dominey-Howes D (2009) Resident perception of volcanic hazards and evacuation procedures. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 9(1): 251-266.
10. Bird DK, Gísladóttir G, Dominey-Howes D (2011) Different communities, different perspectives: issues affecting residents' response to a volcanic eruption in southern Iceland. Bull Volcanol 73(9): 1209-1227.
11. Bjarnason V (1985) Á flótta undan Kötluhlaupi. Dynskógar 3: 149-173.
12. Björnsson H (2002) Subglacial lakes and jökulhlaups in Iceland. Global Planet Change 35(3-4): 255-271.
13. Björnsson H, Pálsson F, Gu{eth}mundsson MT (2000) Surface and bedrock topography of the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland: the Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49: 29-46.
14. Briem H (2010) Health effects of the volcanic eruption in Eyjafjallajökull, EPI-ICE - Newsletter from Directorate of Health, Chief Epidemiologist for Iceland, Reykjavik, Vol. 6. Issue 3. August 2010.
15. Briem H (2011) Rannsóknir á heilsufarslegum aflei{eth}ingum eldgossins í Eyjafjallajökli. Fræ{eth}a{thorn}ing landbúna{eth}arins 2011 Reykjavík, p 450.
16. Búna{eth}arsamband Su{eth}urlands (2011) Tryggingar og bætur vegna tjóna af völdum eldgosa, http://www. bssl. is/Template1. asp?Sid_NR=1410&E_NR=1376&VS=1VS1. asp&VT=509& VT2=1407&VT3=1410 accessed: 23 August 2011.
17. Cronin SJ, Gaylord DR, Charley D, Alloway BV, Wallez S, Esau JW (2004) Participatory methods of incorporating scientific with traditional knowledge for volcanic hazard management on Ambae Island, Vanuatu. Bull Volcanol 66(7): 652-668.
18. Danielsson J (2009) The first casualty of the crisis: Iceland. Centre for Economic Policy Research London, pp 9-13.
19. Davies SM, Larsen G, Wastegård S, Turney CSM, Hall VA, Coyle L, Thordarson T (2010) Widespread dispersal of Icelandic tephra: how does the Eyjafjöll eruption of 2010 compare to past Icelandic events? J Quat Sci 25(5): 605-611.
20. Elíasson J (2008) A glacial burst tsunami near Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland. J Coast Res 24(1): 13-20.
21. Farmers Association of Iceland (2010a) 19 April 2010 - Announcement from the Farmers Association of Iceland-the volcanic eruption in Iceland and its effects on Icelandic agriculture, Bændasamtök Íslands, http://www. bondi. is/lisalib/getfile. aspx?itemid=2747 accessed: 19 June 2011.
22. Farmers Association of Iceland (2010b) Annual Livestock Census 2010. Bændasamtök Íslands Reykjavík.
23. Forsætisrá{eth}uneyti{eth} (2010) {Thorn}jónustumi{eth}stö{eth} vegna jar{eth}skjálfta á Su{eth}urlandi í maí 2008, Skýrsla verkefnisstjóra, http://www. forsaetisraduneyti. is/utgefid-efni/nr/4280 accessed: 24 August 2011.
24. Forsætisrá{eth}uneyti{eth} (2011) Ríkisstjórnin sam{thorn}ykkir fjárveitingar vegan fyrstu a{eth}ger{eth}a í kjölfar eldgossins í Grímsvötnum, http://www. forsaetisraduneyti. is/frettir/nr/6806 accessed: 19 August 2011.
25. Gaillard JC, Maceda E, Stasiak E, Le Berre I, Espaldon M (2009) Sustainable livelihoods and people's vulnerability in the face of coastal hazards. J Coast Conserv 13(2): 119-129.
26. Gísladóttir G (1980) Örnefni í Álftaveri, Verkfræ{eth}i- og raunvísindadeild, B. Sc. thesis in Geography, unpublished, Háskóli Íslands, Reykjavík.
27. Gísladóttir G, Margrétardóttir E (2004) Áhrif uppgræ{eth}slu á sandfok og lokun {thorn}jó{eth}vegar 1 um Mýrdalssand, (RH-01-2004). Raunvísindastofnun Háskólans, Reykjavík, p 36.
28. Gislason SR, Hassenkam T, Nedel S, Bovet N, Eiriksdottir ES, Alfredsson HA, Hem CP, Balogh ZI, Dideriksen K, Oskarsson N, Sigfusson B, Larsen G, Stipp SLS (2011) Characterization of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash particles and a protocol for rapid risk assessment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108: 7307-7312.
29. Gu{eth}mundsson MT, Gylfason ÁG (2005) Hættumat vegan eldgosa og hlaupa frá vestanver{eth}um Mýrdalsjökli og Eyjafjallajökli. Ríkislögreglustjórinn, Reykjavík, p 210.
30. Gu{eth}mundsson MT, Högnadóttir (2006) Ísbrá{eth}nun og upptakarennsli jökulhlaupa vegna eldgosa í Kötluöskju og austanver{eth}um Mýrdalsjökli, Skýrsla unnin fyri Almannavarnadeild Ríkislögreglustjóra, RH-02-2006 Jar{eth}vísindastofnun Háskólans Reykjavík, p 33.
31. Gu{eth}mundsson MT, Höganadóttir P, Kristinsson AB, Gu{eth}björnsson S (2007) Geothermal activity in the subglacial Katla caldera, Iceland, 1999-2005, studied with radar altimetry. Ann Glaciol 45(1): 66-72.
32. Gu{eth}mundsson MT, Larsen G, Höskuldsson Á, Gylfason ÁG (2008) Volcanic hazards in Iceland. Jökull 58: 251-268.
33. Gudmundsson MT, Pedersen R, Vogfjörd K, Thorbjarnardóttir B, Jakobsdóttir S, Roberts MJ (2010a) Eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull Volcano, Iceland. Eos Trans AGU 91(21): 190-191.
34. Gudmundsson MT, Thordarson T, Hoskuldsson A, Larsen G, Jónsdóttir I, Oddsson B, Magnusson E, Hognadottir T, Sverrisdottir G, Oskarsson N, Thorsteinsson T, Vogfjord KS, Bjornsson H, Pedersen GN, Jakobsdottir S, Hjaltadottir S, Roberts MJ, Gudmundsson GB, Zophoniasson S, Hoskuldsson F (2010b) The Eyjafjallajökull eruption in April-May 2010; course of events, ash generation and ash dispersal (Invited). In: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2010, abstract #V53F-01.
35. Gustafson TS (2009) Empowering children to lead change: incorporating preparedness curricula in the K-12 education system. Masters thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, p 125.
36. Haarde GH (2008) Address to the Nation by H. E. Geir H. Haarde, Prime Minister of Iceland, http://eng. forsaetisraduneyti. is/news-and-articles/nr/3035 accessed: 3 August 2011.
37. Haynes K, Barclay J, Pidgeon N (2007) Volcanic hazard communication using maps: an evaluation of their effectiveness. Bull Volcanol 70(2): 123-138.
38. Horlick-Jones T, Sime J, Pidgeon N (2003) The social dynamics of environmental risk perception: implications for risk communication research and practice. In: Pidgeon N, Kasperson RE, Slovic P (eds) The social amplification of risk. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 262-285.
39. ICP (2010) Eruption at the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic system, Almannavarnadeild, http://www. almannavarnir. is/displayer. asp?cat_id=413 accessed: 15 April 2010.
40. I{eth}na{eth}arrá{eth}uneyti{eth} (2010) {Thorn}jó{eth}arátak um a{eth} bjó{eth}a fólk velkomi{eth} til Íslands, http://www. idnadarraduneyti. is/frettir/frettatilkynningar/nr/2880 accessed: 24 August 2011.
41. I{eth}na{eth}arrá{eth}uneyti{eth} (2011) Níu sumarstarfsmenn rá{eth}nir til a{eth} styrkja upplýsingagjöf í kjölfar eldgoss í Grísmvötnum, http://www. idnadarraduneyti. is/frettir/frettatilkynningar/nr/3233 accessed: 24 August, 2011.
42. IMO (2010) Update on activity: Eruption in Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland, Icelandic Meteorological Office, http://en. vedur. is/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/1884 accessed: 13 July 2011.
43. Safn til sögu Íslands IV (1907-1915) Copenhagen and Reykjavík, Hi{eth} íslenska bókmenntafélag. pp 186-294.
44. Jóhannesdóttir G (2005) Vi{eth} tölum aldrei um Kötlu hér mat íbúa á hættu vegna Kötlugoss. MSc. in environmental sciences. University of Iceland, Reykjavík.
45. Jóhannesdóttir G, Gísladóttir G (2010) People living under threat of volcanic hazard in southern Iceland: vulnerability and risk perception. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 10(2): 407-420.
46. Jóhannesson G (1919) Kötlugosi{eth} 1918. Frásagnir úr Vík, og Hei{eth}ardal í Mýrdal, Hjörleifshöf{eth}a, Skaftártungu, Álftaveri. Me{eth}allandi og Sí{eth}u. Bókaverzlun Ársæls Árnasonar, Reykjavík, p 72.
47. Kelman I, Mather TA (2008) Living with volcanoes: the sustainable livelihoods approach for volcano-related opportunities. J Volcanol Geoth Res 172(3-4): 189-198.
48. Landnáma (1968) Íslendingabók og Landnámabók, fyrri hluti, Íslensk Fornrit I bindi. Hi{eth} íslenzka fornritafélag, Reykjavík, p 525.
49. Larsen G (2000) Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, south Iceland: characteristics and environmental impact. Jökull 49: 1-28.
50. Larsen G, Dugmore A, Newton A (1999) Geochemistry of historical-age silicic tephras in Iceland. Holocene 9(4): 463-471.
51. Lebon SLG (2009) Volcanic activity and environment: Impacts on agriculture and use of geological data to improve recovery processes. Masters Thesis in Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources Management, Earth Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, ISBN 978-9979-9914-0-3.
52. Loftsson M (1930) RIT um Jar{eth}elda á Íslandi. Skúli Markússon, Reykjavík, p 326.
53. Maceda E, Gaillard JC, Stasiak E, Masson VL, Berre IL (2009) Experimental use of participatory 3-dimensional models in island community-based disaster risk management. Shima: Int J Res Island Cult 3(1): 72-84.
54. Maxwell JA (2005) Qualitative research design: an interactive approach. Sage Publications, Inc, Thousand Oaks, p 175.
55. Mbl (2010) 500 yfirgefi{eth} heimili sín, Morgunbla{eth}i{eth}, http://mbl. is/mm/frettir/innlent/2010/03/21/500_yfirgefa_heimili_sin/ accessed: 21 March 2010.
56. Mercer J, Kelman I (2010) Living alongside a volcano in Baliau, Papua New Guinea. Disaster Prev Manag 19(4): 412-422.
57. Mimaki J, Takeuchi Y, Shaw R (2009) The role of community-based organization in the promotion of disaster preparedness at the community level: a case study of a coastal town in the Kochi Prefecture of the Shikoku Region, Japan. J Coast Conserv 13(4): 207-215.
58. Oddsdóttir AL (2008) Undur yfir dundu. Áhrif Kötlugossins 1918 á bygg{eth} og samfélag í Vestur-Skaftafellssýslu. Raunvísindadeild, MSc thesis in Geography. Háskóli Íslands, Reykjavik.
59. Pagneux E, Sigur{eth}sson G, Björnsson BB (2010) Overview on glacial bursts following the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano on April 14 2010. In: EGU General Assembly 2010. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 12, EGU2010-15760.
60. Patterson O, Weil F, Patel K (2010) The role of community in disaster response: conceptual models. Popul Res Policy Rev 29(2): 127-141.
61. Ríkislögreglustjóri almannavarnadeild (2008a) Katla - Austur hluti, Almannavarnadeild, www. almannavarnir. is/default. asp?cat_id=193 accessed: 15 December 2009.
62. Ríkislögreglustjóri almannavarnadeild (2008b) Katla - Vestur hluti, www. almannavarnir. is/default. asp?cat_id=195 accessed: 15 December 2009.
63. Ríkislögreglustjóri almannavarnadeild, Matvælastofnun, Rau{eth}i kross Íslands, Sóttvarnarlæknir, Umhverfisstofnun (2010) Öskufall. Lei{eth}beiningar um vi{eth}búna{eth} fyrir, eftir og me{eth}an á öskufalli stendur, http://www. almannavarnir. is/upload/files/Oskufall_20100419%20tenglar1. pdf accessed: 22 August 2011.
64. RÚV (2010) Information on eruption, RÚV, http://www. ruv. is/frett/eldgos-fimmvorduhalsi accessed: 21 March 2010.
65. Sigur{eth}sson O, Sigur{eth}sson G, Björnsson BB, Pagneux EP, Zóphóníasson S, Einarsson B, {Thorn}órarinsson Ó, Jóhannesson T (2011) Flood warning system and jökulhlaups - Eyjafjallajökull, Icelandic Meteorlogical Office, http://en. vedur. is/hydrology/articles/nr/2097 accessed: 23 June 2011.
66. Sturkell E, Einarsson P, Sigmundsson F, Geirsson H, Ólafsson H, Pedersen R, de Zeeuw-van DE, Linde AT, Sacks SI, Stefánsson R (2006) Volcano geodesy and magma dynamics in Iceland. J Volcanol Geoth Res 150(1-3): 14-34.
67. Sturkell E, Einarsson P, Sigmundsson F, Hooper A, Ófeigsson BG, Geirsson H, Ólafsson H (2009) Katla and Eyjafjallajökull Volcanoes. In: van der Meer JJM (ed) The Mýrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland: glacial processes, sediments and landforms on an active volcano. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp 5-21.
68. Thordarson T, Larsen G (2007) Volcanism in Iceland in historical time: volcano types, eruption styles and eruptive history. J Geodyn 43(1): 118-152.
69. Tómasson H (1996) The jökulhlaup from Katla in 1918. Ann Glaciol 22: 249-254.
70. Vísir (2010) Ein umfangsmesta rýmingara{eth}ger{eth} á Íslandi - myndskei{eth}, Vísir, http://visir. is/article/20100321/FRETTIR01/943450068 accessed: 21 March 2010.
71. Wilson TM (2009) Vulnerabliity of Pastoral Farming Systems to Volcanic Ashfall Hazards. PhD, University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
72. Wilson T, Cole J, Stewart C, Cronin S, Johnston D (2011) Ash storms: impacts of wind-remobilised volcanic ash on rural communities and agriculture following the 1991 Hudson eruption, southern Patagonia, Chile. Bull Volcanol 73(3): 223-239.
73. Wisner B, Blaikie P, Cannon T, Davis I (2004) At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability, and disasters. Routledge, New York, p 471.