Development of key messages for adolescents on providing basic mental health first aid to peers: A Delphi consensus study

Early Intervention in Psychiatry

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 229-238

  Ross, Anna M ^a   Hart, Laura M ^a   Jorm, Anthony F ^a   Kelly, Claire M ^a   Kitchener, Betty A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Adolescent; Helping behaviour; Mental disorder; Peer group; Social support

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT HEALTH; ADULT; ARTICLE; FIRST AID; HEALTH EDUCATION; HELP SEEKING BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; KNOWLEDGE; MENTAL HEALTH; MENTAL HEALTH FIRST AID; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY; AUSTRALIA; CANADA; CHILD; DELPHI TECHNIQUE; HEALTH EDUCATION; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL HEALTH; PEER GROUP; QUESTIONNAIRES; SOCIAL SUPPORT;

EID: 84864299180     PISSN: 17517885     EISSN: 17517893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2011.00331.x     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australia's Young People: Their Health and Wellbeing. Canberra: Author, 2003; Report No.: AIHW Cat. No. PHE 50.
2. Sawyer MG, Arney FM, Baghurst PA etal. Child and Adolescent Component of the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Canberra: Mental Health and Special Programs Branch, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, 2000.
3. Australian Bureau of Statistics. National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing: Summary of Results. Canberra: Author, 2007; Report No.: 4326.0.
4. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions for DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 593-602.
5. Oakley Browne MA, Wells JE, Scott J, McGee MA. Lifetime prevalence and projected lifetime risk of DSM-IV disorders in Te Rau Hinengaro: the New Zealand Mental Health Survey. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2006; 40: 865-74.
6. Sheffield JK, Fiorenza E, Sofronoff K. Adolescents' willingness to seek psychological help: promoting and preventing factors. J Youth Adolesc 2004; 33: 495-507.
7. Rickwood D, Deane F, Wilson C. When and how do young people seek professional help for mental health problems? Med J Aust 2007; 187: S35.
8. Hickie IB, Luscombe GM, Davenport TA, Burns JM, Highet NJ. Perspective of young people on depression: awareness, experiences, attitudes and treatment preferences. Early Interv Psychiatry 2007; 1: 333-9.
9. Gulliver A, Griffiths KM, Christensen H. Perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking in young people: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2010; 10: 113.
10. Vanheusden K, Mulder CL, van der Ende J, van Lenthe FJ, Mackenbach JP, Verhulst FC. Young adults face major barriers to seeking help from mental health services. Patient Educ Couns 2008; 73: 97-104.
11. Clarke M, Whitty P, Browne S etal. Untreated illness and outcome of psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 189: 235-40.
12. Scott J, Eccleston D, Boys R. Can we predict the persistence of depression? Br J Psychiatry 1992; 161: 633-7.
13. Norman RMG, Lewis SW, Marshall M. Duration of untreated psychosis and its relationship to clinical outcome. Br J Psychiatry 2005; 187: s19-s23.
14. Burns JR, Rapee RM. Adolescent mental health literacy: young people's knowledge of depression and help seeking. J Adolesc 2005; 29: 225-39.
15. Ciarrochi J, Wilson CJ, Deane FP, Rickwood D. Do difficulties with emotions inhibit help-seeking in adolescence? The role of age and emotional competence in predicting help-seeking intentions. Couns Psychol Q 2003; 16: 103-20.
16. Jorm AF, Wright A, Morgan AJ. Beliefs about appropriate first aid for young people with mental disorders: findings from an Australian national survey of youth and parents. Early Interv Psychiatry 2007; 1: 61-70.
17. Kelly CM, Jorm AF, Wright A. Improving mental health literacy as a strategy to facilitate early intervention for mental disorders. Med J Aust 2007; 187: S26-S30.
18. Kitchener BA, Jorm AF. Mental Health First Aid: an international programme for early intervention. Early Interv Psychiatry 2008; 2: 55-61.
19. Jorm AF, Kitchener BA, Fischer J-A, Cvetkovski S. Mental health first aid training by e-learning: a randomized controlled trial. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2010; 44: 1072-81.
20. Jorm A, Kitchener B, Sawyer M, Scales H, Cvetkovski S. Mental health first aid training for high school teachers: a cluster randomized trial. BMC Psychiatry 2010; 10: 51.
21. Kitchener BA, Jorm AF. Mental health first aid training: review of evaluation studies. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2006; 40: 6-8.
22. Kitchener BA, Jorm AF. Mental health first aid for the public: evaluation of effects on knowledge, attitudes and helping behavior. BMC Psychiatry 2002; 2: 10.
23. Kelly CM, Mithen JM, Fischer JA etal. Youth Mental Health First Aid: a description of the program and an initial evaluation. Int J Ment Health Syst 2011; 5: 4.
24. Hart LM, Jorm AF, Paxton SJ, Kelly CM, Kitchener BA. First aid for eating disorders. Eat Disord 2009; 17: 357-84.
25. Langlands RL, Jorm AF, Kelly CM, Kitchener BA. First aid for depression: a Delphi consensus study with consumers, carers and clinicians. J Affect Disord 2008; 105: 157-65.
26. Kingston A, Jorm A, Kitchener B etal. Helping someone with problem drinking: mental health first aid guidelines - a Delphi expert consensus study. BMC Psychiatry 2009; 9: 79.
27. Kingston A, Morgan A, Jorm A etal. Helping someone with problem drug use: a Delphi consensus study of consumers, carers, and clinicians. BMC Psychiatry 2011; 11: 3.
28. Kelly CM, Jorm AF, Kitchener BA, Langlands RL. Development of mental health first aid guidelines for suicidal ideation and behaviour: a Delphi study. BMC Psychiatry 2008; 8: 17.
29. Kelly CM, Jorm AF, Kitchener BA. Development of mental health first aid guidelines for panic attacks: a Delphi study. BMC Psychiatry 2009; 9: 49.
30. Kelly C, Jorm A, Kitchener B. Development of mental health first aid guidelines on how a member of the public can support a person affected by a traumatic event: a Delphi study. BMC Psychiatry 2010; 10: 49.
31. Kelly C, Jorm A, Kitchener B, Langlands R. Development of mental health first aid guidelines for deliberate non-suicidal self-injury: a Delphi study. BMC Psychiatry 2008; 8: 62.
32. Google. Available from URL:
33. Google Australia. Available from URL:
34. Google UK. Available from URL:
35. Jones J, Hunter D. Consensus methods for medical and health services research. Br Med J 1995; 311: 376-80.
36. Hasson F, Keeney S, McKenna H. Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. J Adv Nurs 2000; 32: 1008-15.
37. Mental Health First Aid. Mental Health First Aid Guidelines Project [internet]. 2007. [updated 2010 Nov 18; Cited 2 Feb 2011.] Available from URL: