Cryptosporidium gastroenteritis in Egyptian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Magnitude of the problem

Infection

Volumn 40, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 279-284

  Hassanein, S M A ^a   Abd El Latif, M M S ^b   Hassanin, O M ^c   Abd El Latif, L M S ^d   Ramadan, N I ^a  

^a AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

^b NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE   (Egypt)

^c AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

^d AL AZHAR UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

Author keywords

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Cryptosporidium parvum; Methotrexate chemotherapy; Microsporidium; Modified trichrome stain; Modified Ziehl Neelsen stain

Indexed keywords

AZITHROMYCIN; CEFTRIAXONE; FOLINIC ACID; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODY; MERCAPTOPURINE; METHOTREXATE; NITAZOXANIDE; VANCOMYCIN;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ACUTE DIARRHEA; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA; ADOLESCENT; ANTIBODY BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG RESPONSE; EGYPT; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; ENTERITIS; FECES ANALYSIS; FLUID THERAPY; GASTROENTERITIS; GIARDIA LAMBLIA; GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIUM; HUMAN; LEUKEMIA REMISSION; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; MOUTH ULCER; OOCYST; PARASITE PREVALENCE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCHOOL CHILD; TYPHLITIS;

6-MERCAPTOPURINE; ADOLESCENT; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; DIARRHEA; EGYPT; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; FECES; FEMALE; GASTROENTERITIS; GIARDIA LAMBLIA; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; HUMANS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; INFANT; MAINTENANCE CHEMOTHERAPY; MALE; METHOTREXATE; PRECURSOR CELL LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 84864286190     PISSN: 03008126     EISSN: 14390973     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-011-0230-5     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Schrappe M. Evolution of BFM trials for childhood ALL. Ann Hematol. 2004;83[Suppl 1]:S121-3. doi:10.1007/s00277-004-0850-2.
2. Moe PJ, Holen A. High-dose methotrexate in childhood all. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2000;17(8):615-22. doi:10.1080/08880010 050211321.
3. Pui CH, Robison LL, Look AT. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet. 2008;371(9617):1030-43. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08) 60457-2.
4. Hunger SP, Winick NJ, Sather HN, Carroll WL. Therapy of lowrisk subsets of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: when do we say enough? Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;45(7):876-80. doi: 10.1002/pbc.20501.
5. Bhatti A, Bansal D, Vashishta RK, Lal SB. Isolated gut relapse presenting as chronic diarrhea during maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2010;32(6):504-5. doi:10.1097/MPH. 0b013e3181e0159a.
6. Cherny NI. Evaluation and management of treatment-related diarrhea in patients with advanced cancer: a review. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008;36(4):413-23. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007. 10.007.
7. Rizzatti M, Brandalise SR, de Azevedo AC, Pinheiro VR, Aguiar Sdos S. Neutropenic enterocolitis in children and young adults with cancer: prognostic value of clinical and image findings. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2010;27(6):462-70. doi:10.3109/08880 018.2010.489934.
8. Rotterdam H, Tsang P. Gastrointestinal disease in the immunocompromised patient. Hum Pathol. 1994;25(11):1123-40.
9. Dillingham RA, Lima AA, Guerrant RL. Cryptosporidiosis: epidemiology and impact. Microbes Infect. 2002;4(10):1059-66.
10. Idris NS, Dwipoerwantoro PG, Kurniawan A, Said M. Intestinal parasitic infection of immunocompromised children with diarrhoea: clinical profile and therapeutic response. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2010;4(5):309-17.
11. Fayer R, Morgan U, Upton SJ. Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium: transmission, detection and identification. Int J Parasitol. 2000;30(12-13):1305-22.
12. Bajszar G, Dekonenko A. Stress-induced Hsp70 gene expression and inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by chlorinebased oxidants. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010;76(6):1732-9. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02353-09.
13. DuPont HL, Chappell CL, Sterling CR, Okhuysen PC, Rose JB, Jakubowski W. The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(13):855-9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199503303321304.
14. Schrappe M, Reiter A, Ludwig WD, Harbott J, Zimmermann M, Hiddemann W, et al. Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia despite reduced use of anthracyclines and cranial radiotherapy: results of trial ALL-BFM 90 German-Austrian-Swiss ALL-BFMStudy Group. Blood. 2000;95(11):3310-22.
15. Chessbrought M. Medical laboratory manual for tropical countries, 2nd ed. Cambridge: ELBS. Tropical Health Technology and Butterworths; 1987.
16. Henriksen SA, Pohlenz JF. Staining of cryptosporidia by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Acta Vet Scand. 1981;22(3-4): 594-6.
17. Ryan NJ, Sutherland G, Coughlan K, Globan M, Doultree J, Marshall J, et al. A new trichrome-blue stain for detection of microsporidial species in urine, stool, and nasopharyngeal specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31(12):3264-9.
18. Baron EJ. Rapid identification of bacteria and yeast: summary of a National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards proposed guideline. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33(2):220-5. doi:10.1086/321816.
19. Osman GA, Makled KM, El-Shakankiry HM, Metwali DM, Abdel-Aziz SS, Saafan HH. Coccidian parasites as a cause of watery diarrhoea among protein energy malnourished and other immunocompromised Egyptian children. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 1999;29(3):653-68.
20. Martin-Ampudia M, Mariscal A, Lopez-Gigosos RM, Mora L, Fernandez-Crehuet J. Under-notification of cryptosporidiosis by routine clinical and laboratory practices among non-hospitalised children with acute diarrhoea in Southern Spain. Infection. doi: 10.1007/s15010-011-0188-3.
21. Hunter PR, Nichols G. Epidemiology and clinical features of Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002;15(1):145-54.
22. Hassan SI, Sabry H, Amer NM, Shalaby MA, Mohamed NA, Gaballah H. Incidence of cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient cancer patients in Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2002;32(1):33-46.
23. Kaushik K, Khurana S, Wanchu A, Malla N. Evaluation of staining techniques, antigen detection and nested PCR for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in HIV seropositive and seronegative patients. Acta Trop. 2008;107(1):1-7. doi:10.1016/j. actatropica.2008.02.007.
24. Gwavava NJ, Pinkerton CR, Glasgow JF, Sloan JM, Bridges JM. Small bowel enterocyte abnormalities caused by methotrexate treatment in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood. J Clin Pathol. 1981;34(7):790-5.
25. Relling MV, Fairclough D, Ayers D, Crom WR, Rodman JH, Pui CH, et al. Patient characteristics associated with high-risk methotrexate concentrations and toxicity. J Clin Oncol. 1994;12(8): 1667-72.
26. Lennard L, Lewis IJ, Michelagnoli M, Lilleyman JS. Thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: 6-mercaptopurine dosage strategies. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1997;29(4):252-5. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-911X(199710)29:4\ 252:AID-MPO3[3.0.CO;2-L.
27. Widemann BC, Balis FM, Murphy RF, Sorensen JM, Montello MJ, O'Brien M, et al. Carboxypeptidase-G2, thymidine, and leucovorin rescue in cancer patients with methotrexate-induced renal dysfunction. J Clin Oncol. 1997;15(5):2125-34.
28. Kaushik K, Khurana S, Wanchu A, Malla N. Serum immunoglobulin G, M and A response to Cryptosporidium parvum in Cryptosporidium-HIV co-infected patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2009;9:179. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-9-179.
29. Trad O, Jumaa P, Uduman S, Nawaz A. Eradication of Cryptosporidium in four children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Trop Pediatr. 2003;49(2):128-30.