Abdominal and lumbar multifidus muscle size and symmetry at rest and during contracted states: Normative reference ranges

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

Volumn 31, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 1099-1110

  Teyhen, Deydre S ^a,b   Childs, John D ^a,c   Stokes, Maria J ^d   Wright, Alison C ^a   Dugan, Jessica L ^a   George, Steven Z ^e  

^a Army Medical Department Center and School   (United States)

^b Public Health Command Region South   (United States)

^c KEESLER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

External oblique; Internal oblique; Lumbar multifidus; Morphology; Morphometry; Paraspinal musculature; Rectus abdominis; Transversus abdominis; Ultrasound imaging

Indexed keywords

MORPHOLOGY; ULTRASONIC IMAGING;

ABDOMINIS; EXTERNAL OBLIQUE; INTERNAL OBLIQUE; LUMBAR MULTIFIDUS; MORPHOMETRY; PARASPINAL; ULTRASOUND IMAGING;

MUSCLE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BACK; ECHOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; ORGAN SIZE; PHYSIOLOGY; REFERENCE VALUE; REPRODUCIBILITY; REST; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SKELETAL MUSCLE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BACK; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; ORGAN SIZE; REFERENCE VALUES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; REST; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84864210629     PISSN: 02784297     EISSN: 15509613     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7863/jum.2012.31.7.1099     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Morganstein D, Lipton R. Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce. JAMA 2003; 290:2443-2454. (Pubitemid 37430544)
2. Woolf AD, Pfleger B. Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81:646-656. (Pubitemid 37254686)
3. Hodges PW, Moseley GL. Pain and motor control of the lumbopelvic region: effect and possible mechanisms. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2003; 13:361-370. (Pubitemid 36794254)
4. Whittaker JL, Teyhen DS, Elliott JM, et al. Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging: understanding the technology and its applications. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007; 37:434-449.
5. Hebert JJ, Koppenhaver SL, Parent EC, Fritz JM. A systematic review of the reliability of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging for the quantitative assessment of the abdominal and lumbar trunk muscles. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009; 34:E848-E856.
6. Koppenhaver SL, Hebert JJ, Parent EC, Fritz JM. Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging is a valid measure of trunk muscle size and activation during most isometric sub-maximal contractions: a systematic review. Aust J Physiother 2009; 55:153-169.
7. Kiesel K, Underwood FB, Mattacola C, Malone TR, Nitz AJ. A comparison of select trunk muscle thickness change between subjects with low back pain classified in the treatment-based classification system and asymptomatic controls. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007; 37:596-607.
8. Hebert JJ, Koppenhaver SL, Magel JS, Fritz JM. The relationship of transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus activation and prognostic factors for clinical success with a stabilization exercise program: a crosssectional study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010; 91:78-85.
9. Stokes M, Hides J, Elliott J, Kiesel K, Hodges P. Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging of the posterior paraspinal muscles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007; 37:581-595.
10. Kiesel KB, Uhl T, Underwood FB, Nitz AJ. Rehabilitative ultrasound measurement of select trunk muscle activation during induced pain. Man Ther 2008; 13:132-138. (Pubitemid 351391985)
11. Hides JA, Jull GA, Richardson CA. Long-term effects of specific stabilizing exercises for first-episode low back pain. Spine 2001; 26:E243-E248.
12. Hides JA, Richardson CA, Jull GA. Multifidus muscle recovery is not automatic after resolution of acute, first-episode low back pain. Spine 1996; 21:2763-2769. (Pubitemid 26427740)
13. Teyhen DS, Williamson JN, Carlson NH, et al. Ultrasound characteristics of the deep abdominal muscles during the active straight leg raise test. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009; 90:761-767.
14. Teyhen DS, Bluemle LN, Dolbeer JA, et al. Changes in lateral abdominal muscle thickness during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver in those with lumbopelvic pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009; 39:791-798.
15. Henry SM, Teyhen DS. Ultrasound imaging as a feedback tool in the rehabilitation of trunk muscle dysfunction for people with low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007; 37:627-634.
16. Stokes M, Rankin G, Newham DJ. Ultrasound imaging of lumbar multifidus muscle: normal reference ranges for measurements and practical guidance on the technique. Man Ther 2005; 10:116-126. (Pubitemid 40726341)
17. Rankin G, Stokes M, Newham DJ. Abdominal muscle size and symmetry in normal subjects. Muscle Nerve 2006; 34:320-326. (Pubitemid 44300163)
18. Springer BA, Mielcarek BJ, Nesfield TK, Teyhen DS. Relationships among lateral abdominal muscles, gender, body mass index, and hand dominance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2006; 36:289-297.
19. Mannion AF, Pulkovski N, Toma V, Sprott H. Abdominal muscle size and symmetry at rest and during abdominal hollowing exercises in healthy control subjects. J Anat 2008; 213:173-182.
20. Costa LO, Maher CG, Latimer J, Hodges PW, Shirley D. An investigation of the reproducibility of ultrasound measures of abdominal muscle activation in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. Eur Spine J 2009; 18:1059-1065.
21. George SZ, Childs JD, Teyhen DS, et al. Rationale, design, and protocol for the Prevention of Low Back Pain in the Military (POLM) trial (NCT00373009). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2007; 8:92.
22. Teyhen DS, George SZ, Dugan JL, Williamson JN, Nielson BD, Childs JD. Inter-rater reliability of ultrasound imaging of the trunk musculature among novice raters. J Ultrasound Med 2011; 30:347-356.
23. Koppenhaver SL, Hebert JJ, Fritz JM, Parent EC, Teyhen DS, Magel JS. Reliability of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging of the transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus muscles. Arch Phys Med Rehabil2009; 90:87-94.
24. Teyhen DS, Gill NW, Whittaker JL, Henry SM, Hides JA, Hodges P. Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging of the abdominal muscles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007; 37:450-466.
25. Koppenhaver SL, Parent EC, Teyhen DS, Hebert JJ, Fritz JM. The effect of averaging multiple trials on measurement error during ultrasound imaging of transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus muscles in individuals with low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009; 39:604-611.
26. Kiesel KB, Uhl TL, Underwood FB, Rodd DW, Nitz AJ. Measurement of lumbar multifidus muscle contraction with rehabilitative ultrasound imaging. Man Ther 2007; 12:161-166. (Pubitemid 46628788)
27. Hides JA, Richardson CA, Jull GA. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography of the lumbar multifidus muscle: comparison of two different modalities. Spine 1995; 20:54-58.
28. Whittaker JL, Warner MB, Stokes MJ. Ultrasound imaging transducer motion during clinical maneuvers: respiration, active straight leg raise test and abdominal drawing in. Ultrasound Med Biol 2010; 36:1288-1297.
29. Mens JM, Vleeming A, Snijders CJ, Koes BW, Stam HJ. Validity of the active straight leg raise test for measuring disease severity in patients with posterior pelvic pain after pregnancy. Spine 2002; 27:196-200. (Pubitemid 34215561)
30. Mens JM, Vleeming A, Snijders CJ, Koes BW, Stam HJ. Reliability and validity of the active straight leg raise test in posterior pelvic pain since pregnancy. Spine 2001; 26:1167-1171. (Pubitemid 32429320)
31. Mens JM, Vleeming A, Snijders CJ, Stam HJ, Ginai AZ. The active straight leg raising test and mobility of the pelvic joints. Eur Spine J 1999; 8:468-473.
32. Teyhen D, Miltenberger C, Deiters H, et al. The use of ultrasound imaging of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver in subjects with low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2005; 35:346-355. (Pubitemid 40770930)
33. Teyhen DS, Rieger JL, Westrick RB, Miller AC, Molloy JM, Childs JD. Changes in deep abdominal muscle thickness during common trunkstrengthening exercises using ultrasound imaging. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2008; 38:596-605.
34. Ferreira PH, Ferreira ML, Hodges PW. Changes in recruitment of the abdominal muscles in people with low back pain: ultrasound measurement of muscle activity. Spine 2004; 29:2560-2566. (Pubitemid 40353281)
35. Kelly S, Stokes MJ. Symmetry of anterior tibial muscle size measured by diagnostic ultrasound imaging in young females. Clin Rehab1993; 7:222-228. (Pubitemid 23250454)
36. Misuri G, Colagrande S, Gorini M, et al. In vivo ultrasound assessment of respiratory function of abdominal muscles in normal subjects. Eur Respir J 1997; 10:2861-2867. (Pubitemid 28052801)
37. Estenne M, Pinet C, De Troyer A. Abdominal muscle strength in patients with tetraplegia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:707-712. (Pubitemid 30171720)
38. Hides J, Cooper D, Stokes M. Diagnostic ultrasound imaging for measurement of the lumbar multifidus muscle in normal young adults. Physiother Theory Pract 1992; 8:19-26.
39. Hides JA, Stokes MJ, Saide M, Jull GA, Cooper DH. Evidence of lumbar multifidus muscle wasting ipsilateral to symptoms in patients with acute/subacute low back pain. Spine 1994; 19:165-172. (Pubitemid 24047305)
40. Hides JA, Stanton WR, Wilson SJ, Freke M, McMahon S, Sims K. Retraining motor control of abdominal muscles among elite cricketers with low back pain. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010; 20:834-842.
41. Hides JA, Belavy DL, Cassar L, Williams M, Wilson SJ, Richardson CA. Altered response of the anterolateral abdominal muscles to simulated weight-bearing in subjects with low back pain. Eur Spine J 2009; 18:410-418.
42. Hides J, Wong I, Wilson S, Belavy D, Richardson C. Assessment of abdominal muscle function during a simulated unilateral weight-bearing task using ultrasound imaging. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007; 37:467-471.
43. Pulkovski N, Mannion AF, Caporaso F, et al. Ultrasound assessment of transversus abdominis muscle contraction ratio during abdominal hollowing: a useful tool to distinguish between patients with chronic low back pain and healthy controls? [published online ahead of print March 31, 2011] Eur Spine J. doi:10.1007/s00586-011-1707-8.
44. McMeeken JM, Beith ID, Newham DJ, Milligan P, Critchley DJ. The relationship between EMG and change in thickness of transversus abdominis. Clin Biomech 2004; 19:337-342. (Pubitemid 38510409)
45. Hodges PW, Pengel LH, Herbert RD, Gandevia SC. Measurement of muscle contraction with ultrasound imaging. Muscle Nerve2003; 27:682-692. (Pubitemid 36667477)
46. Brown SH, McGill SM. A comparison of ultrasound and electromyography measures of force and activation to examine the mechanics of abdominal wall contraction. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2009; 25:115-123.
47. Whittaker JL, Stokes M. Ultrasound imaging and muscle function. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011; 41:572-580.
48. Bunce SM, Moore AP, Hough AD. M-mode ultrasound: a reliable measure of transversus abdominis thickness? Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)2002; 17:315-317. (Pubitemid 34556763)
49. Kankaanpaa M, Laaksonen D, Taimela S, Kokko SM, Airaksinen O, Hanninen O. Age, sex, and body mass index as determinants of back and hip extensor fatigue in the isometric Sorensen back endurance test. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998; 79:1069-1075. (Pubitemid 28419314)
50. Lue YJ, Chang JJ, Chen HM, Lin RF, Chen SS. Knee isokinetic strength and body fat analysis in university students. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2000; 16:517-524.
51. Toft I, Lindal S, Bonaa KH, Jenssen T. Quantitative measurement of muscle fiber composition in a normal population. Muscle Nerve2003; 28:101-108. (Pubitemid 36775966)
52. Rankin G, Stokes M, Newham DJ. Size and shape of the posterior neck muscles measured by ultrasound imaging: normal values in males and females of different ages. Man Ther 2005; 10:108-115. (Pubitemid 40726340)