Using handheld moisture meters on limestone: Factors affecting performance and guidelines for best practice

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 207-224

  Eklund, Julie A ^a   Zhang, Hong ^a   Viles, Heather A ^a   Curteis, Tobit ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b Tobit Curteis Associates LLP   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

building conservation; hand held moisture meters; limestone; moisture regimes; monitoring dampness; non destructive testing

Indexed keywords

HISTORIC PRESERVATION; LIME; LIMESTONE; MOISTURE DETERMINATION; MOISTURE METERS; NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION;

BEST PRACTICES; BUILDING CONSERVATION; BUILDING STRUCTURE; FIELD CONDITIONS; METER READINGS; NON DESTRUCTIVE; NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING; STONE MONUMENTS;

MOISTURE CONTROL;

EID: 84864193547     PISSN: 15583058     EISSN: 15583066     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2011.626491     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Ahmet, K., G. Dai, S. Jazayeri, and R. Tomlin. 1997. Tests on the use of timber moisture meters. Building Engineer 72(6):10-13.
2. Blakemore, P. 2003. The use of hand-held electrical moisture meters with commercially important Australian hardwoods (Part 1). Victoria, Australia: Forest & Wood Products Research & Development Corporation.
3. Blakemore, P., A. Morrow, W. Liew, M., and R. Luff. 2005. Species and treatment corrections for hand-held moisture meters with radiata and slash pine. Victoria, Australia: Forest & Wood Products Research & Development Corporation.
4. British Standards Institute (BSI). 2007. BS EN 1936: 2006 Natural stone test methods-Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity. London, UK: BSI.
5. Burkinshaw, R., and M. Parrett. 2003. Diagnosing damp. Coventry, UK: RICS Business Services, Ltd.
6. Delmhorst, W. 1956. Measuring moisture content above fiber saturation. In Proceedings of the 8th meeting of the Western Dry Kiln Clubs at Berkeley, California. Corvallis, OR: Western Dry Kiln Clubs. pp. 1-3.
7. Division of Building Research. 1974. Testing Timber for Moisture Content. Melbourne, Australia: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation.
8. Dlugasch, A. 2004. Moisture meter correction factors for high temperature dimension lumber. In Proceedings of the 54th meeting of the Western Dry Kiln Association in Portland, Oregon. Corvallis, OR: Western Dry Kiln Association. pp. 6-11.
9. Dunlap, M. E. 1944. Electrical Moisture Meters for Wood. Madison, WI: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
10. Espenas, L. D. 1951. Some wood-moisture relations. Madison, WI: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
11. Forrer, J. B., and J.W. Funck. 1998. Dielectric properties of defects on wood surfaces. Holz als Rhound Werkstoff 56:25-29.
12. Forsén, H., and V. Tarvainen. 2000. Accuracy and functionality of hand held wood moisture content meters. Espoo, Finland: Technical Research Centre of Finland.
13. Garrahan, P. 1988. Moisture meter correction factors for high temperature dimension lumber. In Proceedings of the 39th meeting of the Western Dry Kiln Association in Reno, Nevada, 17-23. Corvallis, OR: Western Dry Kiln Association.
14. Harriman, L. G. 2008. Practical aspects of locating and measuring moisture in buildings. Paper presented at BEST 1 (Building Enclosure Science & Technology) Conference. Minneapolis, MN, June 10-12, 2008. Available at: http://best1.thebestconference.org/pdfs/002.pdf (accessed April 10, 2010)
15. Howell, J. 1995. Moisture measurement in masonry: Guidance for surveyors. In COBRA 1995. London: Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Research, 145-148.
16. James, W. L. 1963. Electric moisture meters for wood. Madison, WI: U.S. Forest Service.
17. James, W. L. 1964. Calibration of electric moisture meters for some wood species grown in Hawaii, Res. Note FPL-061.Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
18. James,W. L. 1980. Effects of wood preservatives on electric moisture-meter readings Res. Note FPL-0106. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
19. Mackay, J. F. G. 1981. Developing a new ASTM standard on recommended procedures for use and calibration of portable moisture meters. In Proceedings of the 32nd meeting of the Western Dry Kiln Clubs, 74-78. Corvallis, OR: Western Dry Kiln Clubs, Oregon State University, School of Forestry.
20. Oliver, A. 1997. Dampness in buildings. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd.
21. Onysko, D., Schumacher, C., and Garrahan, P. 2008. Field measurement of moisture in building materials and assemblies: pitfalls and error assessment. Paper presented at BEST 1 (Building Enclosure Science & Technology) Conference. Minneapolis, MN, June 10-12, 2008. Available at http://best1. thebestconference.org/pdfs/005.pdf (accessed April 9, 2010).
22. Pinchin, S. E. 2008. Techniques for monitoring moisture in walls. Reviews in Conservation 9:33-45.
23. Quarles, S. L., Flynn, K., Breiner, T. A., and Dost, W. A. 1992. Hand-held moisture meter calibrations for some West Coast softwood species. In Proceedings of the 43rd meeting of the Western Dry Kiln Association in Reno, Nevada. Corvallis, OR: Western Dry Kiln Association, 71-78.
24. Rasmussen, E. F. 1951. Properties of wood related to drying. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
25. Saïd, M. N. 2004. Moisture measurement guide for building envelope applications. Research Report #190. Canada: National Research Council Canada.
26. Shupe, T. F.,Wu, Q., and Hartley, I. D. 2002. Calibration of moisture meters for southern hardwoods. Forest Products Journal 52(7/8):59-62.
27. Simpson, W., and TenWolde, A. 1999. Physical properties and moisture relations of wood. In Wood handbook: Wood as an engineering material, ed., Forest Products Laboratory. Madison, WI: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 3-1-3-24.
28. Simpson, W. T. 1991. Properties of wood related to drying. In Dry kiln operator's manual. Edited by W. T. Simpson. Madison, WI: United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1-41.
29. Simpson, W. T. 1994. Resistance moisture meter correction factors for four tropical wood. Species Research Note FPL-RN-0260. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
30. Simpson, W. T. 1999. Drying and control of moisture content and dimensional changes. In Wood handbook: Wood as an engineering material, ed., Forest Products Laboratory. Madison, WI: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 12-1-12-20.
31. Skaar, C. 1988. Wood-water relations. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
32. Smith, W. B., and Jung, H.-S. 1993. Effect of high temperature drying on moisture content determination with electronic meters. In Proceedings of the 44th Western Dry Kiln Association Meeting. May 12-14, 1993, Reno, Nevada. Corvallis, OR: Western Dry Kiln Association, 31-38.
33. Trotman, P., Sanders, C., and Harrison, H. 2004. Understanding dampness: Effects, causes, diagnosis and remedies. Watford, UK: BRE Bookshop.