A user authentication based on human reflexes using blind spot and saccade response

International Journal of Biometrics

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 173-190

  Nishigaki, Masakatsu ^a,b   Arai, Daisuke ^a  

^a SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b Japan Science Technology and Agency CREST

Author keywords

biometrics; blind spot; human reflex; saccade; user authentication

Indexed keywords

EID: 84864190444     PISSN: 17558301     EISSN: 1755831X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/IJBM.2008.020143     Document Type: Article

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18. This article has been originally published in Japanese at IPSJ (Information Processing Society of Japan) Journal, Vol. 47, No. 8, pp.2582–2592, August 2006.
19. ‘Gaze point’ means a displayed target on the authentication screen, while ‘point of gaze’ is a position that the user is seeing with his eye.
20. When the point of gaze measured by the point-of-gaze detection device lies within a 150 x 150 pixels square (viewing angle: approximately 7.7° x 7.7°) centered on the gaze point, the system recognises that the user is seeing at the gaze point.
21. In our authentication system, the calibration data includes the sensor setting position. However, we found that when the sensor position has been set for another test subject, the sensor of the point-of-gaze detection device is not positioned correctly in front of the eye of subject A, and hence the point-of-gaze detection device is unable to measure the point of gaze of subject A. Thus, in the experiment in Table 2, the sensor setting position had been set for test subject A, while the other calibration data have been set for another test subjects B to J.
22. As explained in Section 4.3, the authentication phase of this system will not start unless the user keeps staring at the gaze point. This means that if the calibrations are not stable, even the authorised user would be rejected since the point-of-gaze detection device could not get accurate ‘point of gaze’ of the user. Therefore, we can understand that a sufficiently low FRR indicates that the calibration data of users are acceptably stable.
23. In the experiments, as described in Section 4.3, we always indicated the blind spot of each user as a circular dotted line on the screen. The dotted-line circle is fixed at the blind spot position of the authorised user when the user is looking at the gaze point. Hence, the test subjects can determine whether or not the target lies within the blind spot, by judging whether or not the target is displayed within the dotted-line circle.
24. ℓ=20 means that the authentication phase is composed of 20 repetitions of authentication trials (see Step (6) of the authentication phase in Section 3.1). So, 2000 trials corresponded to 100 executions of authentication phase.