Social networking material as criminal evidence

Criminal Law Review

Volumn , Issue 7, 2012, Pages 486-512

  O'Floinn, Micheál ^a   Ormerod, David ^a  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Criminal evidence; Social media

Indexed keywords

EID: 84864065511     PISSN: 0011135X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. M. O'Floinn and D. Ormerod, "Social Networking Sites, RIPA and Criminal Investigations [2011] Crim. L.R. 766. We do not revisit here the definition or classification of SNSs.
2. For example, under the Serious Crime Act 2007 as in Blackshaw [2011] EWCA Crim 2312
3. Johnson [2008] EWCA Crim 3321
4. Mullen [2011] EWCA Crim 1744
5. Eglen [2011] EWCA Crim 1437
6. Hothi [2011] EWCA Crim 1039
7. O'Brien [2011] EWCA Crim 768.
8. Delaney [2010] EWCA Crim 105
9. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/law/201l/dec/09/jurors-tempted-lo
10. Crown Court Bench Book 2010 guidance and supplement (2011). " For example, Grewal [2010] EWCA Crim 2448.
11. For example, Mateza [2011 ] EWCA Crim 2587.
12. It was defined more narrowly as relating only to documents in the House of Lords Science and Technology Committee, 5th Report (Session 1997-1998), para.3.2.
13. Wayte [1983] 76 Cr. App. R. 110 at 118
14. See also Kajala v Noble (1982) 75 Cr. App. R. 149.
15. Criminal Justice Act 2003 s. 134
16. Saward [2005] EWCA Crim 3183 at [44].
17. http://federalevidence.com/rules-of-evidence [Accessed April 26,2012]. Rules re-styled as of December 1, 2011.
18. Bucbior [2010] EWCA Crim 1152 and Bailey [2008] EWCA Crim 817.
19. http://www.mldhow.com/Forge-Email [Accessed April 26,2012].
20. Skinner [2005] EWCA Crim 1439
21. S. Goode, "The Admissibility of Electronic Evidence" (2009) 29 Review of Litigation 1,9.
22. State v Bell, 2009-Ohic-2335 (May 18,2009) at [31] (involving chat room conversations).
23. Griffin v State of Maryland 419 Md. 343, 2011
24. Williams 456 Mass. 857, 926 N.E. 2d 1162 (2010).
25. Eleck 130 Conn. App. 632,32 A. 3d 818 (2011).
26. D. Schwartz, "A Foundation Theory of Evidence" (2011) 100 Geo. L. J. 95,167.
27. R Rothstein, "Response Essay: Some Observations on Professor Schwartz's "Foundation" Theory of Evidence" (2012) 100 The Georgetown Law Journal Online 9 and D. Schwartz, "Reply to Professor Rothstein" (2012) 100 The Georgetown Law Journal Online 16.
28. P. Roberts and A. Zuckerman, Criminal Evidence, 2nd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 227-228.
29. Lord Bingham recognized this in Sheldrake v DPP: "An evidential burden is not a burden of proof. It is a burden of raising, on the evidence in the case, an issue as to the matter in question fit for consideration by the tribunal of fact." Sheldrake v DPP [2004] UKHL 43
30. C. Tapper, Cross and Tapper on Evidence, 12th edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 184.
31. Dennis, The Law of Evidence, 4th edn (London: Sweet and Maxwell, 2010), p.499.
32. I. Robbins "Writings on the Wall: The Need for an Authorship-Centric Approach to the Authentication of Social Networking Evidence" (2012) 13 Minn. J. L. Sci. & Tech. 1, 108. 62 Bucknor [2010] EWCA Crim 1152.
33. Griffin v State of Maryland 419 Md. 343,19 A. 3d 415 (2011).
34. R. Pattenden, "Authenticating "things" in English law: principles for adducing tangible evidence in common law jury trials" (2008) 12 Int. Jnl of Evidence and Proof 288,292-293.
35. commentary in Tuisl [2011] Crim. L.R. 793.
36. J.C. Smith "The Admissibility of Statements by Computer" [1981] Crim L.R. 387.
37. C. Tapper, "Electronic Evidence and the Criminal Justice Act 2003" [2004] C.T.L.R. 161.
38. " R. Pattenden, "Machinespeak" [2010] Crim. L.R. 623. Arguably, Pattenden is too restrictive in limiting s.l29.
39. Taylor v Chief Constable of Cheshire [1936] W.L.R. 1479.
40. Hughes L.J. in Twist [2011] EWCA Crim 1143 at [15], however, suggests that questions are not "statements". For critique
41. D. Ormerod [2011] Crim. L. R. 793.
42. If X merely believes that D is a dealer the evidence is irrelevant according to Kearley [1992] 2 AC 228.
43. Twist [2011] EWCA Crim 1143
44. Mateza [2011] EWCA Crim 2587.
45. Ormerod, commenting on Chrysostomou [2010] EWCA Crim 1403.
46. Athwal [2009] EWCA Crim 789
47. Athwal [2009] EWCA Crim 789
48. Chinn [2012] EWCA Crim 501.
49. Ormerod's comment on Billingham [2009] Crim. L.R. 529.
50. Rollo [1997] JC 23 at 26.
51. Mayers [2008] EWCA Crim 2989
52. Fox [2009] EWCA Crim 1280
53. Ford [2010] EWCA Crim 2250. Horncastle [2009] UKSC 14.
54. Al-Khawaja and Tahery v UK [2011] ECHR 2127 at [148].
55. Maherv DPP [2006] EWHC 1271 (Admin).
56. Delaney [2010] EWCA Crim 105.
57. http://www.scl.or%/site.aspx?i=ne24620
58. Bailey [2008] EWCA Crim 817 at [46H49].
59. Miller [2010] EWCA Crim 1153 and Carr [2008] EWCA Crim 1283.
60. Mateza [2011] EWCA Crim 2587.
61. Braithwaite [2010] EWCA Crim 1082.
62. McKenzie [2008] EWCA Crim 758 and O Vowd [2009] EWCA Crim 905.
63. http://www.telegraph,co.uk/news/uknews/6149807/Armed-gang-jaited-after- being-named-and-shamed-on-Facebook.html [Accessed April 26,2012].
64. McCullough [2011] EWCA Crim 1413 at [10].
65. Turnbull [1977] Q.B. 224 at 228.
66. http://news.sky.com/home/uk-news/article/155S0285 [Accessed April 26,2012].
67. Ali [2008] EWCA Crim 1522.
68. Jabar [2010] EWCA Crim 130
69. I. Walden and A. Flanagan, "Honeypots: A Sticky Legal Landscape?" (2003) 29 Rutgers Computer & Tech. L.J. 317,337-33
70. http://wwwjawtimesnews.com/200911025723/Headline-News/ Social-media-tripping-up-litigantsl [Accessed April 26,2012]
71. http://www.journal-news.net/page/content.detail/id/525232.html [Accessed April 26,2012].
72. http://wwwportsmouth.co.uk/newshome/Victim-tracked-his-attacker-down. 5714581.jp [Accessed April 26,2012].
73. Smurthwaite [1994] All E.R. 898.
74. A. Choo, Evidence (2009), p. 193.
75. Shannon [2001] 1 W.L.R. 51
76. Attorney Generals Reference (No.3 of 2000) [2001] UKHL 53
77. http://www.britsoccrim.org/volume5/003.pdf [Accessed April 26,2012].
78. Duchess of York and John Higgins: http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010lmay/ 23/sarah-ferguson-andrew-cash-tabloid [Accessed April 26,2012].
79. http://www.answers.uk.com/admin/BBC6.htm [Accessed April 26,2012].
80. http://newsjky.com/skynews/Home/UK-News/Anest-Follows-Sky-News-lntemet- Sex-Grooming-Undercover-Investigation/Article/201005115625404?f=rss [Accessed April 26,2012].
81. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/2822790/One-of-Ben-Kinsellas- killers-teases-victims-famit
82. M. DiBianca, "Ethical Risks Arising from Lawyers' Use of (And Refusal to Use) Social Media" (2011) 12(2) Delaware Law Review 179,198.
83. J. Wilson, "MySpace, Your Space, or Our Space? New Frontiers in Electronic Evidence" (2007) 86 Or. L. Rev. 1201.