Treating Women with HIV: Is it Different than Treating Men?

Current HIV/AIDS Reports

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 171-178

  Aziz, Mariam ^a   Smith, Kimberly Y ^a  

^a RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Antiretroviral therapies; Disparities; HIV; Outcomes; Women

Indexed keywords

ATAZANAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; DIDANOSINE; EFAVIRENZ; EMTRICITABINE; FOSAMPRENAVIR; LAMIVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE PLUS STAVUDINE; NELFINAVIR; NEVIRAPINE; RITONAVIR; STAVUDINE; TENOFOVIR; ZIDOVUDINE; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

AFRICA; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ANEMIA; ARTICLE; ASIA; AUSTRALIA; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD ABUSE; DEPRESSION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EUROPE; FEAR; FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HEPATITIS; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HISPANIC; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION RATE; LACTIC ACIDOSIS; LIPID STORAGE; LIVER FAILURE; LIVER TOXICITY; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); NAUSEA AND VOMITING; NEGRO; PATIENT CARE; PREGNANCY; PREMATURE LABOR; PUERPERIUM; QUALITY OF LIFE; SELF CARE; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUAL ABUSE; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOCIOECONOMICS; STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME; STIGMA; SURVIVAL RATE; TERATOGENESIS; TERATOGENICITY; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UNITED STATES; VIRUS LOAD; FEMALE; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PREGNANCY COMPLICATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RISK FACTOR;

ANTI-RETROVIRAL AGENTS; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF HEALTH CARE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, INFECTIOUS; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84864021933     PISSN: 15483568     EISSN: 15483576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11904-012-0116-x     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. In: Department of Health and Human Services; January 10, 2011; 1-166. Available at . Accessed March 17, 2012. Current US IV treatment guidelines. Excellent drug interaction tables.
2. Prevention CfDCa. MMWR: vital signs: HIV prevention through care and treatment-United States. In: 2011:1618-23.
3. Mugavero MJ, Lin HY, Allison JJ, et al. Failure to establish HIV care: characterizing the "no show" phenomenon. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:127-30. (Pubitemid 46984628)
4. Cohen MH, Cook JA, Grey D, et al. Medically eligible women who do not use HAART: the importance of abuse, drug use, and race. Am J Public Health. 2004;94:1147-51. (Pubitemid 38857315)
5. Stein MD, Crystal S, Cunningham WE, et al. Delays in seeking HIV care due to competing caregiver responsibilities. Am J Public Health. 2000;90:1138-40. (Pubitemid 30445371)
6. Merenstein D, Schneider MF, Cox C, et al. Association of child care burden and household composition with adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2009;23:289-96.
7. Cunningham WE, Andersen RM, Katz MH, et al. The impact of competing subsistence needs and barriers on access to medical care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus receiving care in the United States. Med Care. 1999;37:1270-81.
8. Lillie-Blanton M, Stone VE, Snow Jones A, et al. Association of race, substance abuse, and health insurance coverage with use of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected women. Am J Public Health. 2005;100:1493-9.
9. Lazarus L, Deering KN, Nabess R, Gibson K, Tyndall MW, Shannon K. Occupational stigma as a primary barrier to health care for street-based sex workers in Canada. Cult Health Sex. 2012;14(2):139-50.
10. Cook JA, Cohen MH, Burke J, et al. Effects of depressive symptoms and mental health quality of life on use of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-seropositive women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002;30:401-9. (Pubitemid 34857314)
11. Cook JA, Cohen MH, Grey D, et al. Use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of HIV-seropositive women. Am J Public Health. 2002;92:82-7. (Pubitemid 36018895)
12. Ofotokun I, Pomeroy C. Sex differences in adverse reactions to antiretroviral drugs. Top HIV Med. 2003;11:55-9.
13. Mocroft A, Gill MJ, Davidson W, Phillips AN. Are there gender differences in starting protease inhibitors, HAART, and disease progression despite equal access to care? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;24:475-82.
14. Ohmit SE, Schuman P, Schoenbaum E, et al. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among women in the HIV Epidemiology Research Study and Women's Interagency HIV Study [abstract 105]. 12th World AIDS Conference. Geneva, Switzerland., 28 June to 3 July 1998.
15. Kang SY, Deren S, Colon HM. Differential gender effects of depression on use of HIV medications among HIV-positive Puerto Rican drug users. AIDS Care. 2011;23:1467-71.
16. Ickovics JR, Hamburger ME, Vlahov D, et al. Mortality, CD4 cell count decline, and depressive symptoms among HIV-seropositive women: longitudinal analysis from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study. Jama. 2001;285:1466-74. (Pubitemid 32221895)
17. Kakuda TN, Schöller-Gyüre M, Hoetelmans RM. Pharmacokinetic interactions between etravirine and non-antiretroviral drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011;50:25-39.
18. Ford N, Lee J, Andrieux-Meyer I, Calmy A. Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine: systematic review with an emphasis on resource-limited settings. HIVAIDS (Auckl). 2011;3:35-44.
19. Moore AL, Kirk O, Johnson AM, et al. Virologic, immunologic, and clinical response to highly active antiretroviral therapy: the gender issue revisited. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;32:452-61. (Pubitemid 36363161)
20. Benson CA, Collier AC, Bosch R. Pre-treatment factors that predict responses to potent antiretroviral therapy: findings from the AACTG A5001 Study. 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Boston, MA, Feb 10-14, 2003. 2003.
21. Soon G Meta-analysis of efficacy outcomes for treatment naïve and experienced HIV-infected women in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) (2000-2008). Abstract 1812. 50th ICAAC. Boston, Sept 12-15, 2010.
22. Prins M, Meyer L, Hessol NA. Sex and the course of HIV infection in the pre- and highly active antiretroviral therapy eras. Aids. 2005;19:357-70. (Pubitemid 40446182)
23. Currier J, Averitt Bridge D, Hagins D, et al. Sex-based outcomes of darunavir-ritonavir therapy: a single-group trial. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:349-57.
24. Lemly DC, Shepherd BE, Hulgan T, et al. Race and sex differences in antiretroviral therapy use and mortality among HIV-infected persons in care. J Infect Dis. 2009;199:991-8.
25. Gandhi RT, Spritzler J, Chan E, et al. Effect of baseline- and treatment-related factors on immunologic recovery after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-positive subjects: results from ACTG 384. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;42:426-34. (Pubitemid 44050889)
26. Robbins GK, De Gruttola V, Shafer RW, et al. Comparison of sequential three-drug regimens as initial therapy for HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:2293-303. (Pubitemid 37509737)
27. Riddler SA, Haubrich R, DiRienzo AG, et al. Class-sparing regimens for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2095-106. (Pubitemid 351679596)
28. Riddler SA, Haubrich R, DiRienzo G, et al. Effect of baseline characteristics on treatment outcomes in ACTG 5142: a prospective, randomized, Phase III Trial of NRTI-, PI-, and NNRTI-sparing regimens for initial treatment of HIV-1 Infection. Abstract 776. 15th CROI. Boston, Feb 3-6, 2008.
29. Smith KY, Tierney C, Daar E, et al. Association of race/ethnicity and sex with outcomes in ACTG A5202. 18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2011). Boston. February 27-March 2, 2011. Abstract 536.
30. Smith KY, Patel P, Fine D, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-matched, multicenter trial of abacavir/lamivudine or teno-fovir/emtricitabine with lopinavir/ritonavir for initial HIV treatment. Aids. 2009;23:1547-56.
31. Smith KY, Kumar P, Patel P, et al. Differences in virologic response among African-Americans and females regardless of therapy in the HEAT study. Abstract MOPEB033. 5th IAS Conference on HIV Treatment Pathogenesis and Prevention. Capetown, South Africa, July 2009. 2009.
32. De Ruiter A, Pozniak A, Staszewski S, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of tenofovir DF (TDF) versus stavudine (d4T) in combination with lamivudine (3TC) and efavirenz (EFV) in antiretroviral-naïve women: 144-week results [Abstract MoOrB1083]. XV International AIDS Conference. Bangkok, Thailand 2004.
33. Lucas GM, Chaisson RE, Moore RD. Highly active antiretroviral therapy in a large urban clinic: risk factors for virologic failure and adverse drug reactions. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:81-7. (Pubitemid 29340558)
34. Currier JS, Spino C, Grimes J, et al. Differences between women and men in adverse events and CD4+ responses to nucleoside analogue therapy for HIV infection. The Aids Clinical Trials Group 175 Team. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;24:316-24.
35. Molina JM, Andrade-Villanueva J, Echevarria J, et al. Once-daily atazanavir/ritonavir versus twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir, each in combination with tenofovir and emtricitabine, for management of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients: 48 week efficacy and safety results of the CASTLE study. Lancet. 2008;372:646-55.
36. Mills AM, Nelson M, Jayaweera D, et al. Once-daily darunavir/ritonavir vs. lopinavir/ritonavir in treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected patients: 96-week analysis. Aids. 2009;23:1679-88.
37. Study of Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM). Fat distribution in women with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;42:562-71.
38. Yin MT, Zhang CA, McMahon DJ, et al. Higher rates of bone loss in postmenopausal HIV-infected women: a longitudinal study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(2):554-62
39. Pernerstorfer-Schoen H, Jilma B, Perschler A, et al. Sex differences in HAART-associated dyslipidaemia. Aids. 2001;15:725-34. (Pubitemid 32423220)
40. Brinkman K, ter Hofstede H. Mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors: lactic acidosis, risk factors and therapeutic options. AIDS Rev. 1999;1:140-6.
41. Bolhaar MG, Karstaedt AS. A high incidence of lactic acidosis and symptomatic hyperlactatemia in women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Soweto, South Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:254-60. (Pubitemid 47041019)
42. Matthews LT, Giddy J, Ghebremichael M, et al. A risk-factor guided approach to reducing lactic acidosis and hyperlactatemia in patients on antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One. 2011;6(4):e18736.
43. Boxwell DE, Styrt B. Lactic acidosis (LA) in patients receiving nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). [Abstract 1284.]. 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. San Francisco, Calif, September 26-29, 1999.
44. Bersoff-Matcha SJ, Miller WC, Aberg JA, et al. Sex differences in nevirapine rash. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:124-9. (Pubitemid 32150957)
45. Mazhude C, Jones S, Murad S, Taylor C, Easterbrook P. Female sex but not ethnicity is a strong predictor of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-induced rash. Aids. 2002;16:1566-8. (Pubitemid 34804228)
46. Wong KH, Chan KC, Lee SS. Sex differences in nevirapine rash. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:2096-8.
47. Sanne I, Mommeja-Marin H, Hinkle J, et al. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with nevirapine use in HIV-infected subjects. J Infect Dis. 2005;191:825-9. (Pubitemid 40349795)
48. Hitti J, Frenkel LM, Stek AM, et al. Maternal toxicity with continuous nevirapine in pregnancy: results from PACTG 1022. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;36:772-6. (Pubitemid 38859341)
49. McKoy JM, Bennett CL, Scheetz MH, et al. Hepatotoxicity associated with long-versus short-course HIV-prophylactic nevirapine use: a systematic review and meta-analysis from the Research on Adverse Drug events And Reports (RADAR) project. Drug Saf 2009;32:147-58.
50. Ouyang DW, Brogly SB, Lu M, et al. Lack of increased hepatotoxicity in HIV-infected pregnant women receiving nevirapine compared with other antiretrovirals. Aids. 2010;24(1):109-14.
51. Umeh OC, Currier JS, Park JG, Cramer Y, Hermes AE, Fletcher CV Sex differences in lopinavir and ritonavir pharmacokinetics among HIV-infected women and men. J Clin Pharmacol. 2011; 51:1665-73.
52. Currier JS, Martorell C, Osiyemi O, et al. Effects of darunavir/ritonavir-based therapy on metabolic and anthropometric parameters in women and men over 48 weeks. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2011;25:333-40.
53. Hoffman RM, Umeh OC, Garris C, Givens N, Currier JS. Evaluation of sex differences of fosamprenavir (with and without ritonavir) in HIV-infected men and women. HIV Clin Trials. 2007; 8:371-80. (Pubitemid 350305211)
54. Tubiana R, Le Chenadec J, Rouzioux C, et al. Factors associated with mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 despite a maternal viral load <500 copies/ml at delivery: a case-control study nested in the French perinatal cohort (EPF-ANRS CO1). Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:585-96.
55. Ford N, Mofenson L, Kranzer K, et al. Safety of efavirenz in first-trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes from observational cohorts. Aids. 2011;24:1461-70.
56. Brogly SB, Abzug MJ, Watts DH, et al. Birth defects among children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: pediatric AIDS clinical trials protocols 219 and 219C. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010;29:721-7.
57. Ford N, Calmy A, Mofenson L. Safety of efavirenz in the first trimester of pregnancy: an updated systematic review and metaanalysis. Aids. 2011;25:2301-4.
58. Hsu HE, Rydzak CE, Cotich KL, et al. Quantifying the risks and benefits of efavirenz use in HIV-infected women of childbearing age in the USA. HIV Med. 2011;12:97-108.
59. Swaminathan S, Padmapriyadarsini C, Venkatesan P, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-daily nevirapine- or efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy in HIV-associated tuberculosis: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:716-24.
60. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services. Oct 14th, 2011; 1-167. Available at . Accessed March 17, 2012.
61. Powis KM, Kitch D, Ogwu A, et al. Increased risk of preterm delivery among HIV-infected women randomized to protease versus nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based HAART during pregnancy. J Infect Dis. 2011;204:506-14.
62. Dola CP, Khan R, Denicola N, et al. Combination antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors in HIV-infected pregnancy. J Perinat Med. 2011 Nov 2. doi:10.1515/JPM.2011.111.
63. Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:493-505.
64. Sha BE, Tierney C, Cohn SE, et al. Postpartum viral load rebound in HIV-1-infected women treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol A5150. HIV Clin Trials. 2011;12:9-23.
65. Gielen AC, McDonnell K, Wu AW, O'Campo P, Faden R. Quality of life among women living with HIV: the importance violence, social support, and self care behaviors. Soc Sci Med. 2001;52:315-22.