Nature as infrastructure: Making and managing the Panama Canal watershed

Social Studies of Science

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 539-563

  Carse, Ashley ^a  

^a WHITTIER COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

environment; governance; infrastructure; political ecology; technology; water management

Indexed keywords

EID: 84864019885     PISSN: 03063127     EISSN: 14603659     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0306312712440166     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Abbot HLProblems of the Panama Canal. New York: The Macmillan Company; 1905:.
2. Allen PH.The timber woods of Panama.Ceiba. 1964;10 (1): 17-61.
3. Bakenhus RE,Knapp HS,Johnson ERThe Panama Canal: Comprising its History and Construction, and its Relation to the Navy, International Law and Commerce. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1915:.
4. Baker EL,Potter MA,Jones DL,Mercer SL,Cioffi JP,Green LW,Halverson PK,Lichtveld MY,Fleming DW.The public health infrastructure and our nation's health.Annual Review of Public Health. 2005;26:303-318.
5. Balee W.The research program of historical ecology.Annual Review of Anthropology. 2006;35:75-98.
6. Benedict MA,McMahon ETGreen Infrastructure: Linking Landscapes and Communities. Washington: Island Press; 2006:.
7. Bijker WE.Dikes and dams, thick with politics.Isis. 2007;98:109-123.
8. The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology. Bijker WEHughes TPPinch TJ, ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1987:.
9. Land Degradation and Society. Blaikie PBrookfield H, ed. London: Metheun; 1987:.
10. Report of Board of Consulting Engineers, Panama Canal. Washington: Isthmian Canal Commission; 1906:.
11. Bowker GCScience on the Run: Information Management and Industrial Geophysics at Schlumberger, 1920-1940. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1994:.
12. Bowker GC,Star SLCommunity Computing and Support Systems. Ishida T, ed. Berlin: Springer; 1998:231-248.
13. Bruijnzeel LAHydrology of Moist Tropical Forests and Effects of Conversion: A State of Knowledge Review. Paris: UNESCO; 1990:.
14. Budowski G.Forestry training in Latin America.Caribbean Forester. 1961;:33-38.
15. Callon MPower, Action and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge?. Law J, ed. London: Routledge; 1986:196-223.
16. Chittenden HMTransactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers. LXII:; 1909:540-554.
17. Conklin HC.An ethnoecological approach to shifting agriculture.Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1954;17 (2): 133-142.
18. Corbera E,Brown K,Adger WN.The equity and legitimacy of markets for ecosystem services.Development and Change. 2007;38 (4): 587-613.
19. Cortez RMLa Cuenca del Canal de Panama: Actas de los Seminarios-Talleres. Heckadon-Moreno S, ed. Panama: Grupo de Trabajo sobre la Cuenca del Canal de Panama; 1986:45-52.
20. Costanza R,d'Arge R,de Groot R,Faber S,Grasso M,Hannon B,Limburg K, et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature. 1997;387:253-260.
21. The Governance of Large Technical Systems. Coutard O, ed. New York: Routledge; 1999:.
22. Cronon WUnder an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past. Miles GCronon WGitlin J, ed. New York: W.W. Norton and Company; 1992:28-51.
23. Cronon WUncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature. Cronon W, ed. New York: W.W. Norton and Company; 1995:69-90.
24. Cummings LJForestry in Panama. Panama: SICAP; 1956:.
25. Denevan WM.The pristine myth: The landscape of the Americas in 1492.Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 1992;82 (3): 369-385.
26. Dodds GB.The stream-flow controversy: A conservation turning point.Journal of American History. 1969;56 (1): 59-69.
27. Dove MR.Theories of swidden agriculture, and the political economy of ignorance.Agroforestry Systems. 1983;1:85-90.
28. Ebenreck S.Frank Wadsworth: Tropical forester.American Forests. 1988;:52-73.
29. Edwards PNModernity and Technology. Brey PMisa TJFeenberg A, ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2003:185-226.
30. Edwards PN,Jackson SJ,Bowker GC,Williams R.Introduction: An agenda for infrastructure studies.Journal of the Association for Information Systems. 2009;10 (5): 364-374.
31. EFE (2010) Panamá es el mayor consumidor de agua per cápita en América Latina. Terra Noticias, 22March. Available at: http://noticias.terra.es/2010/espana/0322/actualidad/panama-es-el-mayor-consumidor-de-agua-per-capita-en-america-latina.aspx (accessed 6 December 2011).
32. Escobar A.Whose knowledge, whose nature? Biodiversity conservation and the political ecology of social movements.Journal of Political Ecology. 1998;5:53-82.
33. Globerman S,Shapiro D.Global foreign direct investment flows: The role of governance infrastructure.World Development. 2002;30 (11): 1899-1919.
34. Ministry of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industries, Annual Report. Panama City: Government Printing Office; 1956:.
35. Ministry of Agriculture, Annual Report. Panama City: Government Printing Office; 1973:.
36. Ministry of Agriculture, Annual Report. Panama City: Government Printing Office; 1975:.
37. Ministry of Agriculture, Annual Report. Panama City: Government Printing Office; 1976:.
38. Guha R,Martinez-Alier JVarieties of Environmentalism: Essays on North and South. Guha RMartinez-Alier J, ed. London: Earthscan; 1997:22-45.
39. Hamilton LS,King PNTropical Forested Watersheds: Hydrological and Soils Response to Major Uses or Conversions. Boulder: Westview Press; 1983:.
40. Haskin FJThe Panama Canal. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page and Company; 1914:.
41. Heckadon-MorenoS (1984) Panama's expanding cattle front: The Santeño campesinos and the colonization of the forests. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Essex, Essex.
42. Heckadon-Moreno SAgonía de la Naturaleza. Heckadon-Moreno SGonzález JE, ed. Panamá: Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria de Panamá; 1985:45-62.
43. Heckadon-Moreno SThe Rio Chagres: A Multidisciplinary Perspective of a Tropical River Basin. Harmon RS, ed. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishing; 2005:28-44.
44. Holdridge LR,Budowski G.Report on an ecological survey of the republic of Panama.Caribbean Forester. 1956;17:92-110.
45. Hughes TPNetworks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1983:.
46. Hughes TPThe Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology. Hughes TPBijker WEPinch TJ, ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1987:51-82.
47. HydroSHEDS (2006) HydroSHEDS (RIV) River network (stream lines) at 15s resolution - Central America [ArcGIS layer package]. Washington, DC: World Wildlife Fund. Available at: http://app.databasin.org/app/pages/datasetPage.jsp?id=1629fc30704849f2a730e5908c64dd4f (accessed 20 December 2011).
48. Ibáñez R,Condit R,Angehr G,Aguilar S,García T,Martínez R,Sanjur A,Stallard R,Wright SJ,Rand AS,Heckadon S.An ecosystem report on the Panama Canal: Monitoring the status of the forest communities and the watershed.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2002;80:65-95.
49. Isaza C,Moran BDirección de Recursos Naturales Renovables Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario (RENARE). Panamá: Government Printer; 1976:.
50. Iwabuchi M.The future of the Panama Canal in a competitive world.Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies. 1990;2 (1): 23-37.
51. Kaimowitz DForests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics: Past, Present and Future Hydrological Research for Integrated Land and Water Management. Bonnell MBruijnzeel S, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2004:86-98.
52. Kirkpatrick RZ.Madden Dam will insure water supply for Gatun Lake development.Iowa Engineer. 1934;:84-85.
53. Kittredge JForest Influences. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1948:.
54. LaFeber WThe Panama Canal: The Crisis in Historical Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press; 1978:.
55. Lamb FB.Prospects for forest land management in Panama.Tropical Woods. 1959;110:16-28.
56. Social Responses to Large Technical Systems: Control or Anticipation. La Porte TR, ed. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991:.
57. Larson CL.Erosion and sediment yields as affected by land use and slope in the Panama Canal Watershed. Proceedings of the III World Congress on Water Resources; 1979Mexico City: International Water Resources Association; 1979. 1086.
58. Latour BScience Observed: Perspectives on the Social Study of Science. Knorr-Cetina KDMulkay M, ed. London: Sage; 1983:141-170.
59. Lee RThe Dictionary of Human Geography. Gregory DJohnson RPratt GWatts MJWhatmore S, ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009:382-383.
60. Leschine TM.The Panamanian sea-level canal.Oceanus. 1981;24 (2): 20-30.
61. Mathews AS.Unlikely alliances: Encounters between state science, nature spirits, and indigenous industrial forestry in Mexico, 1926-2008.Current Anthropology. 2009;50 (1): 75-101.
62. The Development of Large Technical Systems. Mayntz RHughes TP, ed. Boulder: Westview Press; 1988:.
63. McAfee K,Shapiro EN.Payments for ecosystem services in Mexico: Nature, neoliberalism, social movements, and the state.Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 2010;100 (3): 579-599.
64. McCullough DThe Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal 1870-1914. New York: Simon and Schuster Paperbacks; 1977:.
65. Mitchell T.The limits of the state: Beyond statist approaches and their critics.American Political Science Review. 1991;85 (1): 77-96.
66. Nested Watersheds of North America (2009) Nested Watersheds of Central America (modified) [ArcGIS layer package]. Olympia, Washington: The Nature Conservancy. Available at: http://app.databasin.org/app/pages/datasetPage.jsp?id=7e28bde7285244d080ef191e9ad39bdb (accessed 20 December 2011).
67. Oxford English Dictionary. Simpson JAWeiner ESC, ed. second edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1991:950.
68. Review of Studies of Potential Reservoir Development - Upper Chagres River. Mount Hope: Canal Zone Printing Office; 1961:.
69. Pinzon LA,Esturain JLa Cuenca del Canal de Panama. Heckadon-Moreno S, ed. Panama: Grupo de Trabajo sobre la Cuenca del Canal de Panama; 1986:205-215.
70. Pisani DJ.A conservation myth: The troubled childhood of the multiple-use idea.Agricultural History. 2002;76 (2): 154-171.
71. Pittier H.Our present knowledge of the forest formations of the Isthmus of Panama.Journal of Forestry. 1918;16:76-84.
72. Joint Evaluation of the Watershed Management Project #525-T-049. Guatemala City, Guatemala: ROCAP-USAID; 1981:.
73. The Illusory Boundary: Environment and Technology in History. Reuss MCutcliffe SH, ed. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press; 2010:.
74. Robbins PPolitical Ecology: A Critical Introduction. Malden: Blackwell; 2005:.
75. Saberwal VK.Science and the desiccationist discourse in the 20th century.Environment and History. 1997;4:309-343.
76. Smith DM,Barchiesi SWater and Climate Change Adaptation. Smith DMBarchiesi S, ed. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature; 2009:.
77. Star SL.The ethnography of infrastructure.American Behavioral Scientist. 1999;43 (3): 377-391.
78. Star SL,Griesemer JR.Institutional ecology, 'translations' and boundary objects: Amateurs and professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-1939.Social Studies of Science. 1989;19 (3): 387-420.
79. Star SL,Ruhleder K.Steps toward an ecology of infrastructure: Design and access for large information spaces.Information Systems Research. 1996;7 (1): 111-134.
80. SteenHK (1993) The Evolution of Tropical Forestry: Puerto Rico and Beyond, An Interview with Frank H. Wadsworth. Unpublished manuscript, Forest History Society, Durham, NC.
81. Changing Large Technical Systems. Summerton J, ed. Boulder: Westview Press; 1994:.
82. Thompson EP.The moral economy of the English crowd in the eighteenth century.Past and Present. 1971;50:76-136.
83. Thrift NKnowing Capitalism. London: Sage; 2005:.
84. Twigg CA.The need for a national learning infrastructure.Educom Review. 1994;29 (5): 16.
85. Evaluation of USAID's Strategic Objective for the Panama Canal Watershed 2000-2005. Washington DC: USAID; 2005:.
86. Environmental Issues Affecting the Panama Canal. Washington, DC: USOTA; 1978:.
87. Vargas CAHydrology and Water Law: Bridging the Gap. Wallace J, ed. London: IWA Publishing; 2006:143-158.
88. Wadsworth F.Deforestation: Death to the Panama Canal. U.S. Strategy Conference on Tropical Deforestation; 1978Washington: U.S. Dept. of State and U.S. Agency for International Development; 1978.
89. White RThe Organic Machine: The Remaking of the Columbia River. New York: Hill and Wang; 1995:.
90. Winner L.Do artifacts have politics?.Daedelus. 1980;109 (1): 121-136.
91. World Shaded Relief (2009) World Shaded Relief [ArcGIS Online Basemap]. Redlands California: Esri. Available at: www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=9c5370d0b54f4de1b48a3792d7377ff2 (accessed 20 December 2011via ArcGIS version 10.0).
92. WrightSJSamaniegoMJ (2008) Historical, demographic, and economic correlates of land-use change in the Republic of Panama. Ecology and Society13(2). Available at: www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss2/art17/ (accessed 6 December 2011).