Replicating and Adapting an Index of Social Vulnerability to a New Context: A Comparison Study for Norway

Professional Geographer

Volumn 65, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 312-328

  Holand, Ivar Svare ^a   Lujala, Päivi ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

Author keywords

adaptation; contextualization of indicators; factor analysis; natural hazards; social vulnerability index

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE STUDY; FACTOR ANALYSIS; NATURAL HAZARD; VULNERABILITY;

NORWAY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84863934745     PISSN: 00330124     EISSN: 14679272     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2012.681509     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Aaberge, R. and Langøren, A. 2006. Measuring the benefits from public services: The effects of local government spending on the distribution of income in Norway. Review of Income and Wealth, 52(1): 61-83.
2. Adger, W. N., Brooks, N., Kelly, M., Bentham, S. and Eriksen, S. 2004. "New indicators of vulnerability and adaptive capacity. Technical Report 7". Norwich, UK: Tyndall Centre for Climate Research.
3. Andrey, J. and Jones, B. 2008. The dynamic nature of social disadvantage: Implications for hazard exposure and vulnerability in Greater Vancouver. Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien, 52(2): 146-68.
4. Birkmann, J. 2006. "Indicators and criteria for measuring vulnerability: Theoretical bases and requirements". In Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards: Towards disaster resilient societies, Edited by: Birkmann, J. 55-77. New York: United Nations University.
5. Birkmann, J. 2007. Risk and vulnerability indicators at different scales: Applicability, usefulness and policy implications. Environmental Hazards, 7(1): 20-31.
6. Bjørklund, T. 2002. "Den stadig synkende deltakelse ved lokalvalg-noen årsaker og konsekvenser [The ever-decreasing voter participation at local elections-Some causes and consequences]". In Valgdeltagelse og lokaldemokrati, Edited by: Aardal, B. 69-88. Oslo, Norway: Kommuneforlaget. [Voter participation and local democracy]
7. Borden, K. A., Schmidtlein, M. C., Emrich, C. T., Piegorsch, W. W. and Cutter, S. L. 2007. Vulnerability of US cities to environmental hazards. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 4(2)1-21.
8. Boruff, B. J. and Cutter, S. L. 2007. The environmental vulnerability of Caribbean island nations. Geographical Review, 97(1): 24-45.
9. Boruff, B. J., Emrich, C. and Cutter, S. L. 2005. Erosion hazard vulnerability of US coastal counties. Journal of Coastal Research, 21(5): 932-42.
10. Brooks, N., Adger, W. N. and Kelly, P. M. 2005. The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation. Global Environmental Change: Human and Policy Dimensions, 15(2): 151-63.
11. Burton, C. and Cutter, S. L. 2008. Levee failures and social vulnerability in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Area, California. Natural Hazards Review, 9(3): 136-49.
12. Chakraborty, J., Tobin, G. A. and Montz, B. E. 2005. Population evacuation: Assessing spatial variability in geophysical risk and social vulnerability to natural hazards. Natural Hazards Review, 6(1): 23-33.
13. Clark, G., Moser, S., Ratick, S., Dow, K., Meyer, W., Emani, S., Jin, W., Kasperson, J., Kasperson, R. and Schwarz, H. 1998. Assessing the vulnerability of coastal communities to extreme storms: The case of Revere, MA, USA. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 3(1): 59-82.
14. Collins, T. W., Grineski, S. E. and Aguilar, M. D. R. 2009. Vulnerability to environmental hazards in the Ciudad Juarez (Mexico)-El Paso (USA) metropolis: A model for spatial risk assessment in transnational context. Applied Geography, 29(3): 448-61.
15. Cross, J. A. 2001. Megacities and small towns: Different perspectives on hazard vulnerability. Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards, 3(2): 63-80.
16. Cutter, S. L., Boruff, B. J. and Shirley, W. L. 2003. Social vulnerability to environmental hazards. Social Science Quarterly, 84(2): 242-61.
17. Cutter, S. L. and Finch, C. 2008. Temporal and spatial changes in social vulnerability to natural hazards. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(7): 2301-06.
18. Cutter, S. L., Mitchell, J. T. and Scott, M. S. 2000. Revealing the vulnerability of people and places: A case study of Georgetown County, South Carolina. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90(4): 713-37.
19. Dahl, E., Elstad, J. I., Hofoss, D. and Martin-Mollard, M. 2006. For whom is income inequality most harmful? A multi-level analysis of income inequality and mortality in Norway. Social Science & Medicine, 63(10): 2562-74.
20. Direktoratet for samfunnssikkerhet og bered skap (DSB) [Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection and Emergency Planning]. 2009. National vulnerability and preparedness report (NSBR) 2009: Risk, vulnerability and preparedness in the Northern areas, Tønsberg, Norway: DSB. http://www.dsb.no/Global/Publikasjoner/2009/Rapport/Engelsk_NSBR09.pdf (last accessed 17 November 2011)
21. Direktoratet for samfunnssikkerhet og bered skap (DSB) [Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection and Emergency Planning]. 2010. Kommuneundersøkelsen: Status for samfunnssikkerhets- og beredskapsarbeidet i kommunene: rapport Tønsberg, Norway [Municipality survey: Status for civil protection and emergency planning: Report]DSBhttp://www.dsb.no/Global/Publikasjoner/2010/Rapporter/Kommuneundersoekelsen_2010.pdf (last ac- cessed 17 November 2011)
22. Downing, T. E., Aerts, J., Soussan, J., Barthelemy, O., Bharwani, S., Hinkel, J.Ionescu, C. 2005. Integrating social vulnerability into water management. SEI Working Paper and NeWater Working Paper No. 4, Oxford, UK: Stockholm Environment Institute.
23. Elstad, J. I. 1996. Inequalities in health related to women's marital, parental, and employment status-A comparison between the early 70s and the late 80s, Norway. Social Science & Medicine, 42(1): 75-89.
24. Fekete, A. 2009. Validation of a social vulnerability index in context to river-floods in Germany. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9(2): 393-403.
25. Fekete, A. 2010. Assessment of social vulnerability for river-floods in Germany, Bonn, Germany: Institute for Environment and Human Security, United Nations University.
26. Finance Norway (FNO). 2011. Natural perils losses-Numbers and indemnities, Oslo, Norway: FNO. http://www.fnh.no/PageFiles/650/Naturskader-antalloganslatterstatning.xls (last accessed 17 November 2011)
27. Fothergill, A. 1996. Gender, risk, and disaster. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 14(1): 33-56.
28. Füssel, H. M. 2007. Vulnerability: A generally applicable conceptual framework for climate change research. Global Environmental Change, 17(2): 155-67.
29. Gall, M. 2007. "Indices of social vulnerability to natural hazards: A comparative evaluation". Columbia, SC: Doctoral dissertation, Department of Geography, University of South Carolina.
30. Guldvik, I., Grimsrud, G. M. and Stubberud, K. V. 2002. Orienteringsløp i ulendt terreng: ein studie av kvinner og menn i distrikta, Hamar, Norway: Østlandsforskning [Eastern Norway Research Institute]. [Orienteering in rough terrain: A study of women and men in the rural periphery]http://www.ostforsk.no/rapport/pdf/082002.pdf (last accessed 17 November 2011)
31. Hansen, T., Ellis, I. O. and Fimreite, A. L. 2002. "Spiller egenskaper ved kommunene noen rolle for valgdeltakelsen ved kommunevalg? [Do the characteristics of municipalities influence turnout at local government elections?]". In Valgdeltagelse og lokaldemokrati, Edited by: Aardal, B. 45-68. Oslo, Norway: Kommuneforlaget. [Voter participation and local democracy]
32. Hausmann, R., Tyson, L. D. and Zahidi, S. 2007. The global gender gap report 2007., Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2007.pdf (last accessed 17 November 2011)
33. Heinz Center for Science Economics and the Environment. 2002. Human links to coastal disasters, Washington, DC: Heinz Center for Science Economics and the Environment. http://www.heinzctr.org/Major_Reports_files/Human%20Links%20to%20Coastal%20Disasters.pdf (last accessed 17 November 2011)
34. Hinkel, J. 2011. "Indicators of vulnerability and adaptive capacity": Towards a clarification of the science-policy interface. Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions, 21(1): 198-208.
35. Høydahl, E., Skiri, H. and Østby, L. 2001. "Population". In Social trends 2000, 17-36. Oslo, Norway: Statistics Norway. (SA 40)http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/00/02/30/sa40/chapters/17-36.pdf (last accessed 17 November 2011)
36. Jaedicke, C., Lied, K. and Kronholm, K. 2009. Integrated database for rapid mass movements in Norway. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9(2): 469-79.
37. Jones, B. and Andrey, J. 2007. Vulnerability index construction: Methodological choices and their influences on identifying vulnerable neighborhoods. International Journal of Emergency Management, 4(2): 269-95.
38. Kienberger, S., Lang, S. and Zeil, P. 2009. Spatial vulnerability units-Expert-based spatial modelling of socio-economic vulnerability in the Salzach catchment, Austria. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9(3): 767-78.
39. King, D. and MacGregor, C. 2000. Using social indicators to measure community vulnerability to natural hazards. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 15(3): 52-57.
40. Kleinosky, L., Yarnal, B. and Fisher, A. 2006. Vulnerability of Hampton Roads, Virginia to storm-surge flooding and sea-level rise. Natural Hazards, 40(1): 43-70.
41. Kommunal og regionaldepartementet (KRD). 2010. Regionale utviklingstrekk 2010 [Regional development 2010], Oslo, Norway: Kommunal og regionaldepartementet [Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development]. http://www.regjeringen.no/pages/14180125/RUT_2010_nett_L.pdf (last accessed 17 November 2011)
42. Kristiansen, J. E., Flatebø, G. and Modig, I. 2009. This is Norway: What the figures say., Oslo, Norway: Statistics Norway. http://www.ssb.no/norge_en/norge_2009_en.pdf (last accessed 17 November 2011)
43. Lahelma, E., Kivelä, K., Roos, E., Tuominen, T., Dahl, E., Diderichsen, F.Elstad, J. I. 2002. Analyzing changes of health inequalities in the Nordic welfare states. Social Science and Medicine, 55(4): 609-25.
44. Lance, C. E., Butts, M. M. and Michels, L. C. 2006. The sources of four commonly reported cutoff criteria: What did they really say?. Organizational Research Methods, 9: 202-20.
45. Mackenbach, J. P., Bos, V., Andersen, O., Cardano, M., Costa, G., Harding, S., Reid, A., Hemström, Ö., Valkonen, T. and Kunst, A. E. 2003. Widening socio- economic inequalities in mortality in six Western European countries. International Journal of Epidemiology, 32(5): 830-37.
46. Mendes, J. M. D. 2009. Social vulnerability indexes as planning tools: Beyond the preparedness paradigm. Journal of Risk Research, 12(1): 43-58.
47. O'Brien, K., Sygna, L. and Haugen, J. E. 2004. Vulnerable or resilient? A multi-scale assessment of climate impacts and vulnerability in Norway. Climatic Change, 64(1-2)193-225.
48. Openshaw, S. 1984. The modifiable areal unit problem: Concepts and techniques in modern geography, Norwich, UK: Geo Books. Vol. 38
49. Plantenga, J., Remery, C., Figueiredo, H. and Smith, M. 2009. Towards a European Union gender equality index. Journal of European Social Policy, 19(1): 19-33.
50. Rygel, L., O'Sullivan, D. and Yarnal, B. 2006. A method for constructing a social vulnerability index: An application to hurricane storm surges in a developed country. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 11(3): 741-64.
51. Schmidtlein, M., Deutsch, R. C., Piegorsch, W. W. and Cutter, S. L. 2008. A sensitivity analysis of the Social Vulnerability Index. Risk Analysis, 28(4): 1099-114.
52. Schuurman, N., Bell, N., Dunn, J. and Oliver, L. 2007. Deprivation indices, population health and geography: An evaluation of the spatial effectiveness of indices at multiple scales. Journal of Urban Health, 84(4): 591-603.
53. Sørlie, K. 2001. Kommunedemografi: Klassifisering og karakteristikk av befolkningsutviklingen i kommunene: Utsikter for det første tiåret på 2000-tallet, Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research. [Municipal demography: Classification and characteristics of demographic development: Outlook for the first decade in the 2000s]
54. STATA 11. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
55. Statistics Norway. 2006. Index for living condition problems and sub-indices for individual indicators, Oslo, Norway: Statistics Norway. http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/03/hjulet_en/arkiv/tab-2006-09-12-01-en.html (last accessed 17 November 2011)
56. Statistics Norway. 2010. Gender equality index for Norwegian municipalities 2010: Data., Oslo, Norway: Statistics Norway. http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/00/02/10/likekom_en/tab-2011-02-21-03-en.html (last accessed 17 November 2011)
57. Sund, E. R. and Krokstad, S. 2005. Sosiale ulikheter i helse i Norge: en kunnskapsoversikt, Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs. [Social health inequalities in Norway: An overview of knowledge]
58. Velicer, W. F., Eaton, C. A. and Fava, J. L. 2000. "Construct explication through factor or component analysis: A review and evaluation of alternative procedures for determining the number of factors or components". In Problems and solutions in human assessment, Edited by: Goffin, R. D. and Helmes, E. 41-71. Boston: Kluwer.
59. Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T. and Davis, I. 2004. At risk: Natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters., New York, London: Routledge.
60. Wood, N. J., Burton, C. G. and Cutter, S. L. 2010. Community variations in social vulnerability to Cascadia-related tsunamis in the US Pacific Northwest. Natural Hazards, 52(2): 369-89.