The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in toddlers: A population study of 2-year-old Swedish children

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Volumn 42, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 1491-1497

  Nygren, Gudrun ^a   Cederlund, Mats ^a   Sandberg, Eva ^a   Gillstedt, Fredrik ^a   Arvidsson, Thomas ^a   Carina Gillberg, I ^a   Westman Andersson, Gunilla ^a   Gillberg, Christopher ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Autism; Autism spectrum disorder; Diagnostic instruments; Early detection; Prevalence; Screening

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUTISM; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD HEALTH; CLINICAL ARTICLE; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SWEDEN;

CHILD DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS, PERVASIVE; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; MASS SCREENING; REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION; SWEDEN; URBAN POPULATION;

EID: 84863882964     PISSN: 01623257     EISSN: 15733432     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1391-x     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. American Academy of Pediatrics, C.o.C.w.D., Section on Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Bright Futures Steering Committee, Medical Home Initiatives for Children With Special Needs Project Advisory Committee (2006). Identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders in the medical home: An algorithm for developmental surveillance and screening. Pediatrics 118, 405-420. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1231.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (text revision), 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
3. Arvidsson, T., Holmberg, L., Reuter, A., & Strömbom, A. (2010). Barnhälsova° rdsrapport verksamhetsa° ret 2010 Västragö talandsregionen. Göteborg.
4. Baird, G., et al. (2006). Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: The Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP). Lancet, 368, 210-215. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7. (Pubitemid 44037796)
5. Baron-Cohen, S., et al. (2009). Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions: UK school-based population study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194, 500-509. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.059345.
6. Chawarska, K., Klin, A., Paul, R., Macari, S., & Volkmar, F. (2009). A prospective study of toddlers with ASD: Short-term diagnostic and cognitive outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 50, 1235-1245. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02101.x.
7. Coleman, M., & Gillberg, C. (2011). The autisms. Oxford University Press (in press).
8. De Giacomo, A., & Fombonne, E. (1998). Parental recognition of developmental abnormalities in autism. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 7, 131-136. (Pubitemid 28494057)
9. Dealberto, M. J. (2011). Prevalence of autism according to maternal immigrant status and ethnic origin. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 123, 339-348. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01662.x.
10. Eaves, L. C., & Ho, H. H. (2004). The very early identification of autism: Outcome to age 4 1/2-5. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 367-378. (Pubitemid 39127713)
11. Fernell, E., & Gillberg, C. (2010). Autism spectrum disorder diagnoses in Stockholm preschoolers. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31, 680-685. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.01.007.
12. Fombonne, E. (2009). Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatric Research, 65, 591-598. doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819e7203.
13. Gillberg, C. (1983). Perceptual, motor and attentional deficits in Swedish primary school children. Some child psychiatric aspects. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 24, 377-403.
14. Gillberg, C. (1984). On the relationship between epidemiological and clinical samples. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 14, 214-217.
15. Gillberg, C. (1990). Infantile autism: Diagnosis and treatment. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 81, 209-215.
16. Gillberg, C., Cederlund, M., Lamberg, K., & Zeijlon, L. (2006). Brief report: "the autism epidemic". The registered prevalence of autism in a Swedish urban area. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 429-435. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0081-6. (Pubitemid 43828667)
17. Gillberg, C., Steffenburg, S., & Schaumann, H. (1991). Is autism more common now than ten years ago? British Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 403-409.
18. Gillberg, C., et al. (1990). Autism under age 3 years: A clinical study of 28 cases referred for autistic symptoms in infancy. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 31, 921-934. (Pubitemid 20324943)
19. Johnson, S., Hollis, C., Hennessy, E., Kochhar, P., Wolke, D., & Marlow, N. (2011). Screening for autism in preterm children: Diagnostic utility of the Social Communication Questionnaire. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 96, 73-77. doi:10.1136/adc.2010.194795.
20. Johnson, C. P., & Myers, S. M. (2007). Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 120, 1183-1215. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2361. (Pubitemid 350085561)
21. Kadesjo, B., Gillberg, C., & Hagberg, B. (1999). Brief report: Autism and Asperger syndrome in seven-year-old children: A total population study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 327-331. (Pubitemid 29400361)
22. Kleinman, J. M., et al. (2008). The modified checklist for autism in toddlers: A follow-up study investigating the early detection of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 827-839. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0450-9. (Pubitemid 351601311)
23. Lord, C. (1995). Follow-up of two-year-olds referred for possible autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 36, 1365-1382.
24. Lord, C., Risi, S., DiLavore, P. S., Shulman, C., Thurm, A., & Pickles, A. (2006). Autism from 2 to 9 years of age. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 694-701. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.694. (Pubitemid 43848301)
25. Lord, C., et al. (2000). The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 205-223.
26. Lotter, V. (1966). Epidemiology of autistic conditions in young children. Prevalence. Social Psychiatry, 1, 163-173.
27. Nicholas, J. S., Carpenter, L. A., King, L. B., Jenner, W., & Charles, J. M. (2009). Autism spectrum disorders in preschool-aged children: Prevalence and comparison to a school-aged population. Annals of Epidemiology, 19, 808-814. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.04.005.
28. Norberg, L., Tingwall, V., & Ahlin-Åkerman, B. (1980). Standardisering av Griffiths utvecklingsskala för åldern 2-8 år. Stockholm: Högskolan för lärarutbildning, Institutionen för pedagogik.
29. Nygren, G., Hagberg, B., Billstedt, E., Skoglund, A., Gillberg, C., & Johansson, M. (2009). The Swedish version of the DiagnosticInterview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO-10). Psychometric properties. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 730-741. doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0678-z.
30. Robins, D. L., Fein, D., Barton, M. L., & Green, J. A. (2001). The modified checklist for autism in toddlers: An initial study investigating the early detection of autism and pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 131-144. (Pubitemid 37490159)
31. Siegel, B., Pliner, C., Eschler, J., & Elliott, G. R. (1988). How children with autism are diagnosed: Difficulties in identification of children with multiple developmental delays. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 9, 199-204.
32. Sparrow, S., Balla, D., & Cicchetti, D. (1984). The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
33. Statistics Sweden. (2010). Statistiska Centralbyrån/Statistics Sweden.
34. Steffenburg, S., & Gillberg, C. (1986). Autism and autistic-like conditions in Swedish rural and urban areas: A population study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 81-87. (Pubitemid 16062446)
35. Wing, L., Leekam, S. R., Libby, S. J., Gould, J., & Larcombe, M. (2002). The diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders: Background, inter-rater reliability and clinical use. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 43, 307-325. (Pubitemid 36939220)
36. Wing, L., Yeates, S. R., Brierley, L. M., & Gould, J. (1976). The prevalence of early childhood autism: Comparison of administrative and epidemiological studies. Psychological Medicine, 6, 89-100.