Issues and theoretical constructs regarding parent education for autism spectrum disorders

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Volumn 42, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 1218-1227

  Steiner, Amanda M ^a   Koegel, Lynn K ^b   Koegel, Robert L ^b   Ence, Whitney A ^b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Parent education; Parent stress; Parenting

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUTISM; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD PARENT RELATION; COGNITIVE THERAPY; EDUCATION PROGRAM; FAMILY THERAPY; GROUP THERAPY; HUMAN; MARITAL THERAPY; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; PARENTAL STRESS; PARENTING EDUCATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOEDUCATION; PSYCHOTHERAPY; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STRESS MANAGEMENT;

CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS, PERVASIVE; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HUMANS; PARENT-CHILD RELATIONS; PARENTING; PARENTS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 84863869608     PISSN: 01623257     EISSN: 15733432     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1194-0     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Anderson, S., & Romanczyk, R. (1999). Early intervention for young children with autism: continuum-based behavioral models. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24, 162-173.
2. Bahng, C. (2010) Parent-implemented intervention: Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors in children with ASD. Unpublished Dissertation: University of California, Santa Barbara.
3. Bernheimer, L. P., Gallimore, R., & Weisner, T. S. (1990). Ecocultural theory as a context for the individual family service plan. Journal of Early Intervention. Special Issue: Families, 14, 219-233.
4. Bitsika, V., & Sharpley, C. (1999). An exploratory examination of the effects of support groups on the well being of parents of children with autism-I: General counseling. Journal of Applied Health Behavior, 1(2), 16-22.
5. Bitsika, V., & Sharpley, C. (2000). Development and testing of the effects of support groups on the well-being of parents of children with autism. Journal of Applied Health Behavior, 2, 8-15.
6. Bitsika, V., & Sharpley, C. (2004). Stress, anxiety, and depression among parents of children with autism. Australian Journal of Guidance & Counseling, 14, 151-161. (Pubitemid 40198176)
7. Blackledge, J., & Hayes, S. (2006). Using acceptance and commitment training in the support of parents of children diagnosed with autism. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 28, 1-18. (Pubitemid 43952359)
8. Brookman-Frazee, L. (2004). Using parent clinician partnerships in parent education programs for children with autism. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 6, 195-213.
9. Brookman-Frazee, L., Vismara, L., Drahota, A., Stahmer, A., & Openden, D. (2009). Parent training interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders. In J. L. Matson (Ed.), Applied behavior analysis for children with autism spectrum disorders. Springer: New York.
10. Chawarska, K., Klin, A., & Volkmar, F. (2008). Autism spectrum disorders in infants and toddlers. New York: Guilford.
11. Corcoran, J. (2000). Family treatment of preschool behavior problems. Research on Social Work Practice, 10(5), 547-588.
12. Cordisco, L., Strain, P., & Depew, N. (1988). Assessment for generalization of parenting skills in home settings. Journal of the Associations for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 13, 202-210.
13. Cosden, M., Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., Greenwell, A., & Klein, E. (2006). Strength-based assessment for children with autism spectrum disorders. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 31(2), 134-143. (Pubitemid 44393180)
14. Croen, L. A., Grether, J. K., Hoogstrate, J., & Selvin, S. (2002). The changing prevalence of autism in California. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 207-215. (Pubitemid 37486717)
15. Davis, N., & Carter, A. (2008). Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: Associations with child characteristics. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1278-1291.
16. Dawson, G., Rogers, S., Munson, J., Smith, M., Winter, J., Greenson, J., et al. (2010). Randomized, controlled trial of an intervention for toddlers with autism: The early start Denver model. Pediatrics, 125, 17-23.
17. Doherty, W. J. (1995). Boundaries between parent and family education and family therapy: The levels of family involvement model. Family Relations, 44(4), 353-358. doi:10.2307/584990.
18. Donenberg, G., & Baker, B. L. (1993). The impact of young children with externalizing behaviors on their families. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 179-198. (Pubitemid 23141442)
19. Dunst, C., Trivette, C., & Johnson, C. (1994). Parent-professional collaboration and partnerships. In C. Dunst, C. Trivette, & A. Deal (Eds.), Supporting and strengthening families (volume 1): Methods, strategies, and practices (pp. 197-211). Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.
20. Durand, M. (2001). Future directions for children and adolescents with mental retardation. Behavior Therapy, 32, 633-650.
21. Durand, V. M., & Hieneman, M. (2008). Helping parents with challenging children: Positive family intervention, facilitator's guide. New York: Oxford University Press.
22. Elder, J., & Goodman, J. (1996). Social turn-taking of children with neuropsychiatric impairments and their parents. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 19, 246-261.
23. Elder, J., Valcante, G., Won, D., & Zylis, R. (2003). Effects of in-home training for culturally diverse fathers of children with autism. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 24(3), 273-295. (Pubitemid 37431306)
24. Forehand, R., & Kotchick, B. A. (2002a). Putting parenting in perspective: A discussion of the contextual factors that shape parenting practices. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 11, 255-269.
25. Forehand, R., & Kotchick, B. A. (2002b). Behavioral parent training: Current challenges and potential solutions. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 11, 377-384.
26. Forehand, R., & Kotchnick, B. (1996). Cultural diversity: A wake-up call for parent training. Behavior Therapy, 27, 187-206. (Pubitemid 26275316)
27. Forehand, R., & McMahon, R. (1981). Helping the noncompliant child: A clinician's guide to parent training. New York: Guilford.
28. Gengoux, G., Steiner, A., & Chawarska, K. (2010). Parenting stress in parents of infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder. Poster presented at the International Conference for Infant Studies, Baltimore, MD.
29. Gillette, J., & LeBlanc, L. (2007). Parent-implemented natural language paradigm to increase language and play in children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1, 247-255.
30. Green, J., Charman, T., McConachie, H., Aldred, C., Slonims, V., et al. (2010). Parent-mediated communication-focused treatment in children with autism (PACT): A randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 375, 2152-2160.
31. Hanf, C. (1969). A two-stage program for modifying maternal controlling during mother-child interaction. Vancouver, B.C: Paper presented at the meeting of the Western Psychological Association.
32. Harkness, S., & Super, C. M. (1995). Culture and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Biology and ecology of parenting (Vol. 2, pp. 211-234). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
33. Hastings, R. P., & Beck, A. (2004). Practitioner review: Stress intervention for parents of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(8), 1338-1349. (Pubitemid 39445602)
34. Hastings, R., & Symes, M. (2002). Early intensive behavioural intervention for children with autism: Parental therapeutic selfefficacy. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 23, 332-341. (Pubitemid 36158858)
35. Herschell, A., Calzada, E., Eyberg, S., & McNeil, C. (2002). Parent- child interaction therapy: New directions in research. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 9-16. (Pubitemid 37086860)
36. Ingersoll, B., & Dvortcsak, A. (2006). Including parent training in the early childhood special education curriculum for children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 8, 78-87.
37. Ingersoll, B., & Dvortcsak, A. (2010). Teaching social communication to children with Autism: A manual. New York: Guilford.
38. Johnson, C. R., Handen, B. L., Butter, E., Wagner, A., Mulick, J., et al. (2007). Development of a parent training program for children with pervasive developmental disorders. Behavioral Interventions, 22(3), 201-221. doi:10.1002/bin.237. (Pubitemid 47123337)
39. Kaiser, A., & Hancock, T. (2003). Teaching parents new skills to support their young children's development. Infants and Young Children, 16, 9-21. (Pubitemid 36160324)
40. Kaiser, A., Hancock, T., & Nietfeld, J. (2000). The effects of parent-implemented enhanced milieu teaching on the social communication of children who have autism. Early Education and Development, 11, 423-446.
41. Kaminski, W., Valle, A., Filene, J., & Boyle, C. (2008). A meta-analytic review of components associated with parent training effectiveness. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 567-589.
42. Kasari, C., Gulsrud, A., Wong, C., Kwon, S., & Locke, J. (2010). Randomized controlled caregiver mediated joint engagement intervention for toddlers with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 1045-1056.
43. Kazdin, A., & Weisz, J. (Eds.). (2003). Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents. New York: The Guilford Press.
44. Keen, D., Couzens, D., Muspratt, S., & Rodger, S. (2010). The effects of a parent-focused intervention for children with a recent diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder on parenting stress and competence. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4, 229-241.
45. Kessler, C. (2004). The impact of caregiver optimism training on parental pessimism, parental perceptions of child behavior severity and attrition. Dissertation Abstracts International, 64(10-B).
46. Koegel, R. L., Bimbela, A., & Schreibman, L. (1996a). Collateral effects of parent training on family interactions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26, 347-359. (Pubitemid 26177334)
47. Koegel, R. L., Koegel, L. K., & Brookman, L. I. (2003a). Empirically supported pivotal response interventions for children with autism. In A. E. Kazdin & J. R. Weisz (Eds.), Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents (pp. 341-357). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
48. Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., Bruinsma, Y. E. M., Brookman, L., & Fredeen, R. (2003b). Teaching first words to children with autism and communication delays using pivotal response training. Santa Barbara: University of California.
49. Koegel, R. L., Koegel, L. K., Frea, W. D., & Smith, A. E. (1995). Emerging intervention for children with autism: Longitundinal and lifestyle applications. In R. L. Koegel & L. K. Koegel (Eds.), Teaching children with autism: strategies for initiating positive interactions and improving learning opportunities (pp. 1-15). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
50. Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., Harrower, J., & Carter, C. (1999). Pivotal response intervention I: Overview of approach. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24, 174-185.
51. Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., Kellegrew, D., & Mullen, K. (1996b). Parent education for prevention and reduction of severe problem behaviors. In L. K. Koegel, R. L. Koegel, & G. Dunlap (Eds.), Positive behavioral support: Including people with difficult behavior in the community (pp. 3-30). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
52. Koegel, R. L., Koegel, L. K., & Surratt, A. (1992a). Language intervention and disruptive behavior in preschool children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 22, 141-153.
53. Koegel, R. L., Schriebman, L., Loos, L., Dirlich-Wilhelm, H., et al. (1992b). Consistent stress profiles in mothers of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 22(2), 205-216.
54. Koegel, R. L., & Schreibman, L. (1996). Fostering self-management: Parent-directed pivotal response training for children with autistic disorder. In E. D. Hibbs & P. S. Jenson (Eds.), Psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent disorders (pp. 525-552). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
55. Koegel, L. K., Steibel, D., & Koegel, R. L. (1998). Reducing aggression in children with autism toward infant or toddler siblings. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 23, 111-118.
56. Koegel, R. L., Symon, J., & Koegel, L. K. (2002). Parent education for families of children with autism living in geographically distant areas. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 4, 88-103.
57. Kroger, K., & Sorensen, R. (2010). A parent training model for toilet training children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54, 556-567.
58. Laski, K., Charlop, M., & Schreibman, L. (1988). Training parents to use the Natural Language Paradigm to increase their autistic children's speech. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 21, 391-400.
59. Lundahl, B., Risser, H., & Lovejoy, M. (2006). A meta-analysis of parent training: Moderate and follow-up effects. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 86-104. (Pubitemid 41805071)
60. Lutzker, J., Steed, S., & Huynen, K. (1998). Ecobehavioral treatment of challenging behaviors. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 10, 349-363. (Pubitemid 128404472)
61. Mahoney, G. (2004). Responsive teaching: Parent mediated developmental intervention: Vol 1. Intervention components and procedures. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University.
62. Mahoney, G., Kaiser, A., Girolametto, L., MacDonald, J., Robinson, C., Safford, P., et al. (1999). Parent education in early intervention: A call for a renewed focus. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 19, 131-140.
63. Marcus, L., Kunce, L., & Schopler, E. (2005). Working with families. In D. J. Cohen & F. R. Volkmar (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders. New York: Wiley.
64. Masse, J. J., McNeil, C. B., Wagner, S. M., & Chorney, D. B. (2007). Parent-child interaction therapy and high functioning autism: A conceptual overview. Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention, 4, 714-735.
65. McClannahan, L., Krantz, P., & McGee, G. (1982). Parents as therapists for autistic children: A model for effective parent training. Analysis & Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 2, 223-252.
66. McConachie, H., & Diggle, T. (2007). Parent implemented early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 13, 120-129. (Pubitemid 46238806)
67. McGee, G., Morrier, M., & Daly, T. (1999). An incidental teaching approach to early intervention for toddlers with autism. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24, 133-146.
68. McIntyre, L. L. (2008). Adapting Webster-Stratton's incredible years parent training for children with developmental delay: Findings from a treatment group only study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Researh, 52, 1176-1192.
69. McMahon, C. R., Malesa, E. E., Yoder, P. J., & Stone, W. L. (2007). Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders have merited concerns about their later born infants. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 32, 154-160.
70. Minjarez, M., Williams, S., Mercier, E., & Hardan, A. (in press). Pivotal response group treatment program for parents of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
71. Moes, D. (1995). Parent education and parenting stress. In R. L. Koegel & L. K. Koegel (Eds.), Teaching children with autism: Strategies for initiating positive interactions and improving learning opportunities (pp. 79-93). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
72. National Research Council. (2001). Educating children with autism. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
73. Nefdt, N., Koegel, R., Singer, G., & Gerber, M. (2010). The use of a self-directed learning program to provide introductory training in pivotal response treatment to parents of children with autism. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 12, 23-32.
74. Nixon, R. D. (2002). Treatment of behavior problems in preschoolers: A review of parent training programs. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 525-546.
75. Nixon, C. D., & Singer, G. H. (1993). A group cognitive behavioral treatment for excessive parental self-blame and guilt. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 97, 665-672. (Pubitemid 23170848)
76. Openden, D. (2005). Pivotal response treatment for multiple families of children with autism: effects of a 4-day group parent education workshop. Unpublished dissertation. University of California, Santa Barbara.
77. Osborne, L., McHugh, L., Saunders, J., & Reed, P. (2008). Parenting stress reduces the effectiveness of early teaching interventions for autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1092-1103.
78. Ozonoff, S., Young, G., Steinfeld, M., Hill, M., Cook, I., Hutman, T., et al. (2009). How early do parent concerns predict later autism diagnosis? Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 30, 367-375.
79. Patterson, G. (1982). Coercive family process. Eugene, OR: Castilia.
80. Pleinis, A., Robbins, F., & Dunlap, G. (1988). Parent adjustment and family stress as factors in behavioral parent training for young autistic children. Journal of the Multihandicapped Person, 1, 31-52.
81. Reed, H. E., McGrew, S. G., Artibee, K., Surdkya, K., Goldman, S. E., Frank, K., et al. (2009). Parent-based sleep education workshops in autism. Journal of Child Neurology, 24, 936-945.
82. Rickards, A. L., Walstab, J. E., Wright-Rossi, R. A., Simpson, J., & Reddihough, D. S. (2007). A randomized, controlled trial of a home-based intervention program for children with autism and developmental delay. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 28(4), 308-316. (Pubitemid 47256034)
83. Robbins, F., Dunlap, G., & Pleinis, A. (1991). Family characteristics, family training, and the progress of young children with autism. Journal of Early Intervention, 15, 173-184.
84. Rogers, S. (2009). What are infant siblings teaching us about autism in infancy? Autism Research, 2, 125-137.
85. Sanders, M. R. (1999). Triple P- positive parenting program: Towards an empirically validated multilevel parenting and family support strategy for the prevention of behaviour and emotional problems in children. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2, 71-90.
86. Schopler, E., & Mesibov, G. (1995). Learning and cognition in autism. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
87. Schopler, E., & Reichler, R. (1971). Parent as cotherapists in the treatment of psychotic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1, 87-102.
88. Schreibman, L., & Koegel, R. L. (2005). Training for parents of children with autism: Pivotal responses, generalization, and individualization of interventions. In E. D. Hibbs & P. S. Jensen (Eds.), Psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent disorders: Empirically based strategies for clinical practice (2nd ed., pp. 605-631). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
89. Sharpley, C., Bitsika, V., & Efremidis, B. (1997). Influence of gender, parental health, and perceived expertise of assistance upon stress, anxiety, and depression among parents of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 22, 19-28. (Pubitemid 27129800)
90. Singer, G. H. (1993). When it's not so easy to change your mind: reflections on cognitive interventions for parents of children with disabilities. In A. P. Turnbull, J. M. Patterson, S. K. Behrm, D. L. Murphy, J. G. Marquis, et al. (Eds.), Cognitive coping, families, and disability (pp. 207-220). Baltimore: Brooks.
91. Singer, G. (2002). Suggestions for a pragmatic program of research on families and disability. Journal of Special Education, 36, 148-154.
92. Singer, G., Ethridge, B., & Eldana, S. (2007). Primary and secondary effects of parenting and stress management interventions for parents of children with developmental disabilities: A metaanalysis. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 13, 357-369. (Pubitemid 350139098)
93. Smith, C., Perou, R., & Lesesne, C. (2002). Parent education. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol 2. Biology and ecology of parenting. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
94. Sofronoff, K., Leslie, A., & Brown, W. (2004). Parent management training and Asperger syndrome - A randomized controlled trial to evaluate a parent based intervention. Autism, 8, 301-317. (Pubitemid 39206836)
95. Solomon, M., Ono, M., Timmer, S., & Goodlin-Jones, B. (2008). The effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy for families of children on the autism spectrum. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1767-1776.
96. Steiner, A. (in press).Astrength-based approach to parent education for children with autism. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions.
97. Stern, J. (2000). Parent training. In J. White & A. Freeman (Eds.), Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for specific problems and populations. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
98. Symon, J. (2001). Parent education for autism: Issues in providing services at a distance. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 3, 160-174.
99. Symon, J. (2005). Expanding interventions for children with autism: Parents as trainers. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 7, 159-173.
100. Sze, K., & Koegel, R. L. (2006). Ecocultural theory and cultural diversity in intervention programs. In R. L. Koegel & L. K. Koegel (Eds.), Pivotal response treatments for autism (pp. 117-130). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
101. Tonge, B., Brereton, A., Kiomall, M., MacKinnon, A., King, N., & Rinehart, N. (2006). Effects on parental mental health of an education and skills training program for parents of young children with autism: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 561-569.
102. Tran, Q. (2007). Using a self-assessment procedure to improve parent implementation of intervention for children with autism (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara). Dissertation Abstracts International 68, 70.
103. Turnbull, A. P., & Turnbull, H. R. (1990). A tale about lifestyle changes: Comments on "toward a technology of 'nonaversive' behavioral support". Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 15, 142-144.
104. Turnbull, A., & Turnbull, H. (2000). Families, professionals, and exceptionality. Collaborating for empowerment. Columbus, OH: Merrill.
105. Vismara, L., & Lyons, G. (2007). Using perseverative interests to elicit joint attention behaviors in young children with autism: theoretical and clinical implications for understanding motivation. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 9, 214-228.
106. Vismara, L., Young, G., Stahmer, A., Griffith, E., & Rogers, S. (2009). Dissemination of evidence-based practice: Can we train therapists from a distance? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 1636-1651.
107. Webster-Stratton, C. (1992). Individually administered videotape parent training: "Who benefits?". Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 31-35.
108. Webster-Stratton, C., & Reid, M. (2003). The incredible years parents, teachers, and children training series: A multifaceted treatment approach for young children with conduct problems. In A. E. Kazdin & J. R. Weiss (Eds.), Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents (pp. 224-240). New York: Guilford Press.
109. Wetherby, A., & Woods, J. (2006). Effectiveness of early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders beginning in the second year of life. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 26, 67-82.
110. Whittingham, K., Sofronoff, K., Sheffield, J., & Sanders, M. R. (2009). Stepping stones triple P: An RCT of a parenting program with parents of a child diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology: An Official Publication of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 37, 469-480.
111. Wing, L., & Potter, D. (2002). The epidemiology of autistic spectrum disorders: Is prevalence rising? Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 8(3), 151-161. (Pubitemid 36378157)
112. Yoder, P.J., & Stone, W.L. (2006). Randomized comparison of two communication interventions for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 426-435.
113. Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Lord, C., Rogers, S., Carter, A., Carver, L., et al. (2009). Clinical assessment and management of toddlers with suspected autism spectrum disorder: Insights from studies of high-risk infants. Pediatrics, 123(5), 1383-1391. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-1606.
114. Zwaigenbaum, L., Thurm, A., Stone, W., Baranek, G., Bryson, S., Iverson, J., et al. (2007). Studying the emergence of autism spectrum disorders in high-risk infants: Methodological and practical issues. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(3), 466-480. (Pubitemid 46355984)