메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 42, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 789-795

Disease transmission in an extreme environment: Nematode parasites infect reindeer during the Arctic winter

Author keywords

Experiment; Marshallagia marshalli; Over winter transmission; Parasite host interaction; Svalbard reindeer

Indexed keywords

ABAMECTIN;

EID: 84863847342     PISSN: 00207519     EISSN: 18790135     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.05.007     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (23)

References (62)
  • 3
    • 0000675649 scopus 로고
    • Regulation and stability of host-parasite population interaction. I. Regulatory processes
    • Anderson R., May R. Regulation and stability of host-parasite population interaction. I. Regulatory processes. J. Anim. Ecol. 1978, 47:219-247.
    • (1978) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.47 , pp. 219-247
    • Anderson, R.1    May, R.2
  • 4
    • 0016259723 scopus 로고
    • Inhibited development in Ostertagia ostertagi infections - a diapause phenomenon in a nematode
    • Armour J., Bruce R.G. Inhibited development in Ostertagia ostertagi infections - a diapause phenomenon in a nematode. Parasitology 1974, 69:161-174.
    • (1974) Parasitology , vol.69 , pp. 161-174
    • Armour, J.1    Bruce, R.G.2
  • 5
    • 84863820490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and application of a delayed-release anthelmintic intra-ruminal bolus system for experimental manipulation of nematode worm burdens
    • (Available on CJO 2012
    • Carlsson A., Wilson K., Irvine J. Development and application of a delayed-release anthelmintic intra-ruminal bolus system for experimental manipulation of nematode worm burdens. Parasitology 2012, (Available on CJO 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182012000406).
    • (2012) Parasitology
    • Carlsson, A.1    Wilson, K.2    Irvine, J.3
  • 6
    • 0034656087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA evidence that Ostertagia gruehneri and Ostertagia arctica (Nematoda: Ostertagiinae) in reindeer from Norway and Svalbard are conspecific
    • Dallas J.F., Irvine R.J., Halvorsen O. DNA evidence that Ostertagia gruehneri and Ostertagia arctica (Nematoda: Ostertagiinae) in reindeer from Norway and Svalbard are conspecific. Int. J. Parasitol. 2000, 30:655-658.
    • (2000) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.30 , pp. 655-658
    • Dallas, J.F.1    Irvine, R.J.2    Halvorsen, O.3
  • 7
    • 0034794240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA evidence that Marshallagia marshalli Ransom, 1907 and M. occidentalis Ransom, 1907 (Nematoda: Ostertagiinae) from Svalbard reindeer are conspecific
    • Dallas J.F., Irvine R.J., Halvorsen O. DNA evidence that Marshallagia marshalli Ransom, 1907 and M. occidentalis Ransom, 1907 (Nematoda: Ostertagiinae) from Svalbard reindeer are conspecific. Syst. Parasitol. 2001, 50:101-103.
    • (2001) Syst. Parasitol. , vol.50 , pp. 101-103
    • Dallas, J.F.1    Irvine, R.J.2    Halvorsen, O.3
  • 8
    • 0034210724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of Marshallagia marshalli and Ostertagia gruehneri from Svalbard reindeer
    • Dallas J.F., Irvine R.J., Halvorsen O., Albon S.D. Identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of Marshallagia marshalli and Ostertagia gruehneri from Svalbard reindeer. Int. J. Parasitol. 2000, 30:863-866.
    • (2000) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.30 , pp. 863-866
    • Dallas, J.F.1    Irvine, R.J.2    Halvorsen, O.3    Albon, S.D.4
  • 10
    • 0026722111 scopus 로고
    • Interspecific interactions in natrually acquired nematode communities from sheep abomasum in relation to age of host and season in four areas of Leon (Spain)
    • Diez-Banos N., Cabaret J., Diezbanos P. Interspecific interactions in natrually acquired nematode communities from sheep abomasum in relation to age of host and season in four areas of Leon (Spain). Int. J. Parasitol. 1992, 22:327-334.
    • (1992) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.22 , pp. 327-334
    • Diez-Banos, N.1    Cabaret, J.2    Diezbanos, P.3
  • 11
    • 0026540207 scopus 로고
    • Regulation and stability of a free-living host-parasite system-Trichostongylus tenuis in red grouse. 2. Population models
    • Dobson A.P., Hudson P.J. Regulation and stability of a free-living host-parasite system-Trichostongylus tenuis in red grouse. 2. Population models. J. Anim. Ecol. 1992, 61:487-498.
    • (1992) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.61 , pp. 487-498
    • Dobson, A.P.1    Hudson, P.J.2
  • 12
    • 0001240297 scopus 로고
    • Studies on helminths and helminthiases in Cervidae. I. revision of the subfamily Ostertagiinae Sarwar, 1965 and an attempt to explain the phylogenesis of its representatives
    • Dróźdź J. Studies on helminths and helminthiases in Cervidae. I. revision of the subfamily Ostertagiinae Sarwar, 1965 and an attempt to explain the phylogenesis of its representatives. Acta. Parasitol. Polon. 1965, 13:445-481.
    • (1965) Acta. Parasitol. Polon. , vol.13 , pp. 445-481
    • Dróźdź, J.1
  • 13
    • 0029015088 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal-changes and inhibited development of the abomasal nematodes of sheep and goats in Saudi-Arabia
    • Elazazy O.M.E. Seasonal-changes and inhibited development of the abomasal nematodes of sheep and goats in Saudi-Arabia. Vet. Parasitol. 1995, 58:91-98.
    • (1995) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.58 , pp. 91-98
    • Elazazy, O.M.E.1
  • 14
    • 0031459197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of inhibited development of trichostrongylids in ruminants
    • Eysker M. Some aspects of inhibited development of trichostrongylids in ruminants. Vet. Parasitol. 1997, 72:265-272.
    • (1997) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.72 , pp. 265-272
    • Eysker, M.1
  • 15
    • 0026615410 scopus 로고
    • Experimental population-dynamics of Rhabdias bufonis (Nematoda) in toads (Bufo bufo)-density dependence in the primary infection
    • Goater C.P. Experimental population-dynamics of Rhabdias bufonis (Nematoda) in toads (Bufo bufo)-density dependence in the primary infection. Parasitology 1992, 104:179-187.
    • (1992) Parasitology , vol.104 , pp. 179-187
    • Goater, C.P.1
  • 16
    • 0038138019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical parasitism and ruminant foraging strategies - A review
    • Gunn A., Irvine R.J. Subclinical parasitism and ruminant foraging strategies - A review. Wild. Soc. Bull. 2003, 31:117-126.
    • (2003) Wild. Soc. Bull. , vol.31 , pp. 117-126
    • Gunn, A.1    Irvine, R.J.2
  • 17
    • 0033055509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasites, biodiversity, and population dynamics in an ecosystem in the high Arctic
    • Halvorsen O., Bye K. Parasites, biodiversity, and population dynamics in an ecosystem in the high Arctic. Vet. Parasitol. 1999, 84:205-227.
    • (1999) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.84 , pp. 205-227
    • Halvorsen, O.1    Bye, K.2
  • 18
    • 0033118559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for continued transmission of parasitic nematodes in reindeer during the Arctic winter
    • Halvorsen O., Stien A., Irvine J., Langvatn R., Albon S. Evidence for continued transmission of parasitic nematodes in reindeer during the Arctic winter. Int. J. Parasitol. 1999, 29:567-579.
    • (1999) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.29 , pp. 567-579
    • Halvorsen, O.1    Stien, A.2    Irvine, J.3    Langvatn, R.4    Albon, S.5
  • 19
    • 70349429975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winter habitat-space use in a large arctic herbivore facing contrasting forage abundance
    • Hansen B.B., Aanes R., Herfindal I., Saether B.E., Henriksen S. Winter habitat-space use in a large arctic herbivore facing contrasting forage abundance. Polar Biol. 2009, 32:971-984.
    • (2009) Polar Biol. , vol.32 , pp. 971-984
    • Hansen, B.B.1    Aanes, R.2    Herfindal, I.3    Saether, B.E.4    Henriksen, S.5
  • 20
    • 84862685776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and availability of the free-living stages of Ostertagia gruehneri, an abomasal parasite of barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus), on the Canadian tundra
    • (Available on CJO
    • Hoar B., Rucksthul K., Kutz S.J. Development and availability of the free-living stages of Ostertagia gruehneri, an abomasal parasite of barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus), on the Canadian tundra. Parasitology 2012, (Available on CJO http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003118201200042X.).
    • (2012) Parasitology
    • Hoar, B.1    Rucksthul, K.2    Kutz, S.J.3
  • 21
    • 33745998016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate disruption and parasite-host dynamics: patterns and processes associated with warming and the frequency of extreme climatic events
    • Hudson P.J., Cattadori M., Boag B., Dobson A.P. Climate disruption and parasite-host dynamics: patterns and processes associated with warming and the frequency of extreme climatic events. J. Helminthol. 2006, 80:175-182.
    • (2006) J. Helminthol. , vol.80 , pp. 175-182
    • Hudson, P.J.1    Cattadori, M.2    Boag, B.3    Dobson, A.P.4
  • 22
    • 0026592760 scopus 로고
    • Regulation and stability of a free-living host-parasite system: Trichostrongylus tenuis in red grouse. I. Monitoring and parasite reduction experiments
    • Hudson P.J., Newborn D., Dobson A.P. Regulation and stability of a free-living host-parasite system: Trichostrongylus tenuis in red grouse. I. Monitoring and parasite reduction experiments. J. Anim. Ecol. 1992, 61:477-486.
    • (1992) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.61 , pp. 477-486
    • Hudson, P.J.1    Newborn, D.2    Dobson, A.P.3
  • 23
    • 84863832729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting life-history traits and population dynamics in two co-existing gastrointestinal nematodes of Svalbard reindeer. Doctoral dissertation, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
    • Irvine, J., 2001. Contrasting life-history traits and population dynamics in two co-existing gastrointestinal nematodes of Svalbard reindeer. Doctoral dissertation, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
    • (2001)
    • Irvine, J.1
  • 24
    • 0036347239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient Polymerase chain reaction detection of the second internal transcribed spacer of mucosa-derived larvae is dependent on the larval extraction method
    • Irvine J., Dallas J.F. Efficient Polymerase chain reaction detection of the second internal transcribed spacer of mucosa-derived larvae is dependent on the larval extraction method. J. Parasitol. 2002, 88:807-809.
    • (2002) J. Parasitol. , vol.88 , pp. 807-809
    • Irvine, J.1    Dallas, J.F.2
  • 25
    • 34248661277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasites and the dynamics of wild mammal populations
    • Irvine R. Parasites and the dynamics of wild mammal populations. Parasitology 2006, 82:775-781.
    • (2006) Parasitology , vol.82 , pp. 775-781
    • Irvine, R.1
  • 26
    • 0034963760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting regulation of fecundity in two abomasal nematodes of Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus)
    • Irvine R.J., Stien A., Dallas J.F., Halvorsen O., Langvatn R., Albon S.D. Contrasting regulation of fecundity in two abomasal nematodes of Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). Parasitology 2001, 122:673-681.
    • (2001) Parasitology , vol.122 , pp. 673-681
    • Irvine, R.J.1    Stien, A.2    Dallas, J.F.3    Halvorsen, O.4    Langvatn, R.5    Albon, S.D.6
  • 27
    • 0034055469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-history strategies and population dynamics of abomasal nematodes in Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus)
    • Irvine R.J., Stien A., Halvorsen O., Langvatn R., Albon S.D. Life-history strategies and population dynamics of abomasal nematodes in Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). Parasitology 2000, 120(Pt 3):297-311.
    • (2000) Parasitology , vol.120 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 297-311
    • Irvine, R.J.1    Stien, A.2    Halvorsen, O.3    Langvatn, R.4    Albon, S.D.5
  • 28
    • 33644865567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and the epidemiology of protostrongylid nematodes in northern ecosystems: Parelaphostrongylus adocoilei and Protostrongylus stilesi in Dall's sheep (Ovis D. Dalli)
    • Jenkins E.J., Veitch A.M., Kutz S.J., Hoberg E.P., Polley L. Climate change and the epidemiology of protostrongylid nematodes in northern ecosystems: Parelaphostrongylus adocoilei and Protostrongylus stilesi in Dall's sheep (Ovis D. Dalli). Parasitology 2006, 132:387-401.
    • (2006) Parasitology , vol.132 , pp. 387-401
    • Jenkins, E.J.1    Veitch, A.M.2    Kutz, S.J.3    Hoberg, E.P.4    Polley, L.5
  • 29
    • 33646412218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future climate change: Modeling and scenarios for the arctic
    • Cambridge University Press, New York, C. Symon, L. Arris, B. Heal (Eds.)
    • Kattsov V.M., Källén E. Future climate change: Modeling and scenarios for the arctic. The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 2005, 99-150. Cambridge University Press, New York. C. Symon, L. Arris, B. Heal (Eds.).
    • (2005) The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment , pp. 99-150
    • Kattsov, V.M.1    Källén, E.2
  • 30
    • 0019973380 scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent mechanisms in the regulation of intestinal helminth populations
    • Keymer A. Density-dependent mechanisms in the regulation of intestinal helminth populations. Parasitology 1982, 84:573-587.
    • (1982) Parasitology , vol.84 , pp. 573-587
    • Keymer, A.1
  • 32
  • 33
    • 67649458008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Arctic as a model for anticipating, preventing, and mitigating climate change impacts on host-parasite, interactions
    • Kutz S.J., Jenkins E.J., Veitch A.M., Ducrocq J., Polley L., Elkin B., Lair S. The Arctic as a model for anticipating, preventing, and mitigating climate change impacts on host-parasite, interactions. Vet. Parasitol. 2009, 163:217-228.
    • (2009) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.163 , pp. 217-228
    • Kutz, S.J.1    Jenkins, E.J.2    Veitch, A.M.3    Ducrocq, J.4    Polley, L.5    Elkin, B.6    Lair, S.7
  • 35
    • 51249101708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra- and interspecific competition among helminth parasites: Effects on Coitocaecum parvum life history ory strategy, size and fecundity
    • Lagrue C., Poulin R. Intra- and interspecific competition among helminth parasites: Effects on Coitocaecum parvum life history ory strategy, size and fecundity. Int. J. Parasitol. 2008, 38:1435-1444.
    • (2008) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.38 , pp. 1435-1444
    • Lagrue, C.1    Poulin, R.2
  • 37
    • 0000675649 scopus 로고
    • Regulation and stability of host-parasite population interaction. II. Destabilizing processes
    • May R., Anderson R. Regulation and stability of host-parasite population interaction. II. Destabilizing processes. J. Anim. Ecol. 1978, 47:249-267.
    • (1978) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.47 , pp. 249-267
    • May, R.1    Anderson, R.2
  • 38
    • 0024915504 scopus 로고
    • Density dependence in establishment, growth and worm fecundity in intestinal helminthiasis - the population biology of Trichuris muris (Nematoda)) infection in CBA/CA mice
    • Michael E., Bundy D.A.P. Density dependence in establishment, growth and worm fecundity in intestinal helminthiasis - the population biology of Trichuris muris (Nematoda)) infection in CBA/CA mice. Parasitology 1989, 98:451-458.
    • (1989) Parasitology , vol.98 , pp. 451-458
    • Michael, E.1    Bundy, D.A.P.2
  • 39
    • 0031978632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of life-history evolution in nematodes
    • Morand S., Sorci G. Determinants of life-history evolution in nematodes. Parasitol. Today 1998, 14:193-196.
    • (1998) Parasitol. Today , vol.14 , pp. 193-196
    • Morand, S.1    Sorci, G.2
  • 41
    • 67649519390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and parasitic disease: farmer mitigation?
    • Morgan E.R., Wall R. Climate change and parasitic disease: farmer mitigation?. Trends Parasitol. 2009, 25:308-313.
    • (2009) Trends Parasitol. , vol.25 , pp. 308-313
    • Morgan, E.R.1    Wall, R.2
  • 42
    • 0027790004 scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent effects on establishment of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum
    • Norozianamiri S.M.B., Behnke J.M. Density-dependent effects on establishment of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum. J. Helminthol. 1993, 67:151-157.
    • (1993) J. Helminthol. , vol.67 , pp. 151-157
    • Norozianamiri, S.M.B.1    Behnke, J.M.2
  • 43
    • 33750047576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology of the free-living stages of major trichostorngylid parasites of sheep
    • ÓConnor L.J., Walkden-Brown S.W., Kahn L.P. Ecology of the free-living stages of major trichostorngylid parasites of sheep. Vet. Parasitol. 2006, 14:1-15.
    • (2006) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.14 , pp. 1-15
    • Ó Connor, L.J.1    Walkden-Brown, S.W.2    Kahn, L.P.3
  • 45
    • 0041704534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed models: getting the best use of parasitological data
    • Paterson S., Lello J. Mixed models: getting the best use of parasitological data. Trends Parasitol. 2003, 19:370-375.
    • (2003) Trends Parasitol. , vol.19 , pp. 370-375
    • Paterson, S.1    Lello, J.2
  • 47
    • 84872209865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0
    • R Development Core Team, 2012. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, http://www.R-project.org/.
    • (2012)
  • 49
    • 84863820488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistisk-sentralbyra, D330. Statistics Norway, Oslo
    • Svalbard Statistics 2005 2005, Statistisk-sentralbyra, D330. Statistics Norway, Oslo.
    • (2005) Svalbard Statistics 2005
  • 50
    • 12744259924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex ratio variation in gastrointestinal nematodes of Svalbard reindeer; density dependence and implications for estimates of species composition
    • Stien A., Dallimer M., Irvine R.J., Halvorsen O., Langvatn R., Albon S.D., Dallas J.F. Sex ratio variation in gastrointestinal nematodes of Svalbard reindeer; density dependence and implications for estimates of species composition. Parasitology 2005, 130:99-107.
    • (2005) Parasitology , vol.130 , pp. 99-107
    • Stien, A.1    Dallimer, M.2    Irvine, R.J.3    Halvorsen, O.4    Langvatn, R.5    Albon, S.D.6    Dallas, J.F.7
  • 51
    • 0036077978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The population dynamics of Ostertagia gruehneri in reindeer: a model for the seasonal and intensity dependent variation in nematode fecundity
    • Stien A., Irvine R.J., Langvatn R., Albon S.D., Halvorsen O. The population dynamics of Ostertagia gruehneri in reindeer: a model for the seasonal and intensity dependent variation in nematode fecundity. Int. J. Parasitol. 2002, 32:991-996.
    • (2002) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.32 , pp. 991-996
    • Stien, A.1    Irvine, R.J.2    Langvatn, R.3    Albon, S.D.4    Halvorsen, O.5
  • 52
    • 0036849115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of gastrointestinal nematodes on wild reindeer: experimental and cross-sectional studies
    • Stien A., Irvine R.J., Ropstad E., Halvorsen O., Langvatn R., Albon S.D. The impact of gastrointestinal nematodes on wild reindeer: experimental and cross-sectional studies. J. Anim. Ecol. 2002, 71:937-945.
    • (2002) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.71 , pp. 937-945
    • Stien, A.1    Irvine, R.J.2    Ropstad, E.3    Halvorsen, O.4    Langvatn, R.5    Albon, S.D.6
  • 54
    • 0031460572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors influencing transmission
    • Stromberg B.E. Environmental factors influencing transmission. Vet. Parasitol. 1997, 72:247-264.
    • (1997) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.72 , pp. 247-264
    • Stromberg, B.E.1
  • 55
    • 77954176754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasites, emerging disease and wildlife conservation
    • Thompson R.C.A., Lymbery A.J., Smith A. Parasites, emerging disease and wildlife conservation. Int. J. Parasitol. 2010, 40:1163-1170.
    • (2010) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.40 , pp. 1163-1170
    • Thompson, R.C.A.1    Lymbery, A.J.2    Smith, A.3
  • 56
    • 78649995692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • REVIEW: wildlife diseases: from individuals to ecosystems
    • Tompkins D.M., Dunn A.M., Smith M.J., Telfer S. REVIEW: wildlife diseases: from individuals to ecosystems. J. Anim. Ecol. 2011, 80:19-38.
    • (2011) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.80 , pp. 19-38
    • Tompkins, D.M.1    Dunn, A.M.2    Smith, M.J.3    Telfer, S.4
  • 57
    • 0344291253 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the daily dry matter intake of Svalbard Norway reindeer in late winter
    • Tyler N. Estimating the daily dry matter intake of Svalbard Norway reindeer in late winter. Rangifer 1987, 7:29-32.
    • (1987) Rangifer , vol.7 , pp. 29-32
    • Tyler, N.1
  • 58
    • 54549091038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear effects of climate and density in the dynamics of a fluctuating population of reindeer
    • Tyler N., Forchhammer M.C., Øritsland N.A. Nonlinear effects of climate and density in the dynamics of a fluctuating population of reindeer. Ecology 2008, 89:1675-1686.
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 1675-1686
    • Tyler, N.1    Forchhammer, M.C.2    Øritsland, N.A.3
  • 59
    • 19444376545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal activity of gastro-intestinal nematodes in goats in Burdur region, Turkey
    • Umur S., Yukari B.A. Seasonal activity of gastro-intestinal nematodes in goats in Burdur region, Turkey. Turki J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 2005, 29:441-448.
    • (2005) Turki J. Vet. Anim. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 441-448
    • Umur, S.1    Yukari, B.A.2
  • 60
    • 0034052707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trading forage quality for quantity? Plant phenology and patch choice by Svalbard reindeer
    • Van der Wal R., Madan N., van Lieshout S., Dormann C., Langvatn R., Albon S.D. Trading forage quality for quantity? Plant phenology and patch choice by Svalbard reindeer. Oecologia 2000, 123:108-115.
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.123 , pp. 108-115
    • Van der Wal, R.1    Madan, N.2    van Lieshout, S.3    Dormann, C.4    Langvatn, R.5    Albon, S.D.6
  • 61
    • 0033282359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasites and low temperatures
    • Wharton D.A. Parasites and low temperatures. Parasitology 1999, 119:S7-S17.
    • (1999) Parasitology , vol.119
    • Wharton, D.A.1
  • 62
    • 0031025135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized linear modelling for parasitologists
    • Wilson K., Grenfell B.T. Generalized linear modelling for parasitologists. Parasitol. Today 1997, 13:162.
    • (1997) Parasitol. Today , vol.13 , pp. 162
    • Wilson, K.1    Grenfell, B.T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.