Stigma and Barriers to Mental Health Care in Deployed Canadian Forces Personnel

Military Psychology

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 414-431

  Sudom, Kerry ^a   Zamorski, Mark ^b   Garber, Bryan ^b  

^a DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^b DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84863835037     PISSN: 08995605     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2012.697368     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Ajzen, I. 1991. Theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50: 179-211.
2. Blanchard, E. B., Jones-Alexander, J., Buckley, T. C. and Forneris, C. A. 1996. Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Behavior Research and Therapy, 34: 669-673.
3. Britt, T. W. 2000. The stigma of psychological problems in a work environment: Evidence from the screening of service members returning from Bosnia. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30: 1599-1618.
4. Britt, T. W., Bennett, E. A., Crabtree, M., Haugh, C., Oliver, K., McFadden, A. and Pury, C. L. S. 2011. The theory of planned behavior and reserve component veteran treatment seeking. Military Psychology, 23: 82-96.
5. Britt, T. W., Greene-Shortridge, T. M., Brink, S., Nguyen, Q. B., Rath, J.Cox, A. L. 2008. Perceived stigma and barriers to care for psychological treatment: Implications for reactions to stressors in different contexts. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27: 317-335.
6. Brown, M. C., Creel, A. H., Engel, C. C., Herrell, R. K. and Hoge, C. W. 2011. Factors associated with interest in receiving help for mental health problems in combat veterans returning from deployment to Iraq. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 199: 797-801.
7. Corrigan, P. W. and Rusch, N. 2002. Mental illness stereotypes and clinical care: Do people avoid treatment because of stigma?. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills, 6: 312-334.
8. Department of National Defence. 2010. 2008/2009 Health and Lifestyle Information Survey: Regular Forces Report, Ottawa, Canada: Department of National Defence.
9. Dickstein, B. D., Vogt, D. S., Handa, S. and Litz, B. T. 2010. Targeting self-stigma in returning military personnel and veterans: A review of intervention strategies. Military Psychology, 22: 224-236.
10. Druss, B. G. and Rosenheck, R. A. 1998. Mental disorders and access to medical care in the United States. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155: 1775-1777.
11. Edlund, M. J., Wang, P. S., Berglund, P. A., Lin, E. and Kessler, R. C. 2002. Dropping out of mental health treatment: Patterns and predictors among epidemiological survey respondents in the United States and Ontario. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159: 845-851.
12. Fikretoglu, D., Guay, S., Pedlar, D. and Brunet, A. 2008. Twelve month use of mental health services in a nationally representative, active military sample. Medical Care, 46: 217-223.
13. Fikretoglu, D., Liu, A., Pedlar, D. and Brunet, A. 2010. Patterns and predictors of treatment delay for mental disorders in a nationally representative, active Canadian military sample. Medical Care, 48: 10-17.
14. Garber, B. G. and Zamorski, M. A. in press. Mental health of Canadian Forces members while on deployment to Afghanistan. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,
15. Gould, M., Adler, A., Zamorski, M., Castro, C., Hanily, N.Steele, N. 2010. Do stigma and other perceived barriers to mental health care differ across Armed Forces?. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 103: 148-156.
16. Hinshaw, S. P. and Stier, A. 2008. Stigma as related to mental disorders. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4: 367-393.
17. Hoge, C. W., Auchterlonie, J. L. and Milliken, C. S. 2006. Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. Journal of the American Medical Association, 295: 1023-1032.
18. Hoge, C. W., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I. and Koffman, R. L. 2004. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. New England Journal of Medicine, 351: 13-22.
19. Iversen, A., van Staden, L., Hughes, J., Greenberg, N., Hotopf, M., Rona, R. and Fear, N. 2011. The stigma of mental health problems and other barriers to care in the UK Armed Forces. BMC Health Services Research, 11: 31
20. Kim, P. Y., Britt, T. W., Klocko, R. P., Riviere, L. A. and Adler, A. B. 2011. Stigma, negative attitudes about treatment, and utilization of mental health care among soldiers. Military Psychology, 23: 65-81.
21. Mojtabaia, R., Olfsona, M., Sampson, N. A., Jin, R., Druss, B., Wang, P. S. and Kessler, R. C. 2011. Barriers to mental health treatment: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychological Medicine, 41: 1751-1761.
22. National Defence and Canadian Forces Ombudsman. 2002. Systemic treatment of Canadian Forces members with PTSD, Ottawa, Canada: Department of National Defence.
23. Office of the Surgeon General, U.A.M.C. 2006. Final report: Mental Health Advisory Team (MHAT) IV-Operation Iraqi Freedom 05-07, Washington, DC: U.S. Army Medical Command.
24. Rae Olmsted, K. L., Brown, J. M., Russ Vandermaas-Peeler, J., Tuller, S. J., Johnson, R. E. and Gibbs, D. A. 2011. Mental health and substance use treatment stigma among soldiers. Military Psychology, 23: 52-64.
25. Rost, K., Smith, J. L. and Dickinson, M. 2004. The effect of improving primary care depression management on employee absenteeism and productivity. A randomized trial. Medical Care, 42: 1202-1210.
26. Sareen, J., Cox, B. J., Afifi, T. O., Stein, M. B., Belik, S. L.Meadows, G. 2007. Combat and peacekeeping operations in relation to prevalence of mental disorders and perceived need for mental health care: Findings from a large representative sample of military personnel. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64: 843-852.
27. Schomerus, G. and Angermeyer, M. C. 2008. Stigma and its impact on help-seeking for mental disorders: What do we know?. EpidemiologicaPsichiatria Sociale, 17: 31-37.
28. Sheeran, P. 2002. Intention-behavior relations: A conceptual and empirical review. European Review of Social Psychology, 12: 1-36.
29. Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K. and Williams, J. B. 1999. Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ primary care study. Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282: 1737-1744.
30. Stecker, T., Fortney, J. C., Hamilton, F. and Ajzen, I. 2007. An assessment of beliefs about mental health care among veterans who served in Iraq. Psychiatric Services, 58: 1358-1361.
31. Vinokur, A. D., Pierce, P. F., Lewandowski-Romps, L., Hobfoll, S. E. and Galea, S. 2011. Effects of war exposure on air force personnel's mental health, job burnout and other organizational related outcomes. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16: 3-17.
32. Vogt, D. 2011. Mental health-related beliefs as a barrier to service use for military personnel and veterans: A review. Psychiatric Services, 62: 135-142.
33. Wang, J. L. 2006. Perceived barriers to mental health service use among individuals with mental disorders in the Canadian general population. Medical Care, 44: 192-195.
34. Warner, C. H., Appenzeller, G. N., Mullen, K., Warner, C. M. and Grieger, T. 2008. Soldier attitudes toward mental health screening and seeking care upon return from combat. Military Medicine, 173: 563-569.
35. Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Herman, D. S., Huska, J. A. and Keane, T. M. 1993. The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility, San Antonio, TX: International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies.
36. Wright, K. M., Cabrera, O. A., Bliese, P. D., Adler, A. B., Hoge, C. W. and Castro, C. A. 2009. Stigma and barriers to care in soldiers post-combat. Psychological Services, 6: 108-116.