Rotational molding of polyamide-6 nano composites with improved flame retardancy

International Polymer Processing

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 370-377

  Calo E ^a   Massaro, C ^a   Terzi, R ^a   Cancellara, A ^a   Pesce, E ^a   Re, M ^a   Greco, A ^b   Maffezzoli, A ^b   Gonzalez Chi, P I ^c   Salomi, A ^d  

^a Brindisi Research Centre   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SALENTO   (Italy)

^c DEPARTAMENTO DE FÍSICA APLICADA   (Mexico)

^d TELCOM SpA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLAY MINERALS; DEGRADATION; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; POLYMER BLENDS; ROTATIONAL MOLDING; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

CONE CALORIMETER; FLAME RETARDANCY; FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS; HOLLOW PARTS; MELT-COMPOUNDING; PA6 NANOCOMPOSITES; PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; POLYAMIDE 6; PROCESSING WINDOWS; RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS; THERMAL STABILIZERS; THERMO-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TEM; X-RAY DIFFRACTION MEASUREMENTS;

NANOCOMPOSITES;

EID: 84863827678     PISSN: 0930777X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3139/217.2552     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Barhoumi, N., et al., "Reactive Rotational Molding Process of PP/PA6 Bilayer Systems: Experimental Investigations", Int. J. Mater. Form., 1, 671-674 (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-008-0304-9
2. Bellehumeur, C. T., et al., "The Role of Viscoelasticity in Polymer Sintering", Rheological Acta, 37, 270 -278 (1998), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003970050114
3. Bourbigot, S., et al., "Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Degradation of Polystyrene-Montmorillonite Nanocomposite", Polym. Degrad. Stab., 84, 483-492 (2004), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.01.006
4. Cho, J. W., Paul, D. R., "Nylon 6 Nanocomposites by Melt Compounding", Polymer, 42, 1083 -1094 (2001), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00380-3
5. Dahiya, J. B., et al., "Synthesis and Thermal Behaviour of Polyamide 6/Bentonite/Ammonium Polyphosphate Composites" Polym. Degrad. Stab., 93, 2038-2041 (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.02.016
6. Duquesne, S., et al., Elaboration of EVA-Nanoclay Systems-Characterization, Thermal Behaviour and Fire Performance", Comp. Sci. Tecnol., 63, 1141-1148 (2003), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00035-6
7. Eshelby, J. D. "Discussion in Paper by Shaler A. J., Seminar on the Kinetics of Sintering", Metals Trans., 185, 806-807 (1949)
8. Esposito Corcione, C., et al., "Evaluation of the Degree of Dispersion of Nanofillers by Mechanical, Rheological, and Permeability Analysis", Polym. Eng. Sci., 51, 1280-1285 (2011), http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.21929
9. Frenkel, J., "Viscous Flow of Crystalline Bodies under the Action of Surface Tension", J. Phys., 9, 385-391 (1945)
10. Giannelis, E. P., "Polymer Layered Silicate Nano composites", Adv. Mater., 8, 29-35 (1996), http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19960080104
11. Giannelis, E. P., "Flame Retardant Nanocomposite Materials", Annual Conference on Fire Research: Book of Abstracts, Gaithersburg, M. D., Beall, K. A. (Eds.), p. 39-40 (1998)
12. Gilman, J. W., "Flammability and Thermal Stability Studies of Polymer Layered-Silicate (Clay) Nanocomposites", Appl. Clay Sci., 15, 31-49 (1999), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(99)00019-8
13. Greco, A., Maffezzoli, A., "Polymer Melting and Polymer Powder Sintering by Thermal Analysis", J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 72, 1167-1174 (2003), http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025096432699
14. Greco, A., et al., "Simulation of Heat Transfer During Rotational Molding", J. Adv. Polym. Tech., 22, 271-279 (2003), http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.10055
15. Greco, A., et al., "Analysis of the Structure and Mass Transport Properties of Clay Nanocomposites Based on Amorphous PET", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 118, 3666 -3672 (2010), http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.32401
16. Greco, A., et al., "An Investigation into Sintering of PA6 Nanocomposite Powders for Rotational Molding", J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., online version only,; DOI 10.1007/S10973-011-1916-8
17. Hata, T., Kasemura, T.: Adhesion and Adsorption of Polymers, Vol. 12a, Lee, L. H. (Ed.), Plenum Press, New York, 15-41 (1980)
18. Hopper, R. W., "Coalescence of Two Equal Cylinders: Exact Results for Creeping Viscous Plane Flow Driven by Capillarity", J. Am. Ceram. Soc. (Communications), 67, C262-C264 (1984)
19. Indennidat, E. L., et al., "Nanofilled Polyols for Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams", Polym. Intern., 59, 486-491 (2010), http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.2726
20. Kojima, Y., et al., "One-Pot Synthesis of Nylon 6-Clay Hybrid", J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 31, 1755-1758 (1993) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310714
21. Kwak, D. Y., et al., "Study on the Surface Tensions of Polymer Melts Using Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis", Polym. Eng. Sci., 38, 757-764 (1998), http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.10241
22. Lelli, G., et al., "Modelling of the Chemorheological Behaviour of Thermosetting Polymer Nanocomposites", Polym. Comp., 30, 1-12 (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.20517
23. Mazur, S., "Coalescence of Polymer Particles, in Polymer Powder Technology, Rosenzweig, N. M., (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, New York, p. 157-216 (1995)
24. Muller, J. D., et al., "2-D Modelling of Sintering Phenomena", Macromol., 41, 2096 -2103 (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma702349s
25. Muller, J. D., et al., "Relationship between Rheological and Surface Properties for the Sintering Process of Polymers", J. Mater. Sci., online version only (2011), DOI: 10.1007/S10853-011-5773-4
26. Perot, E., Maazouz, A., "Study of Polymer Sintering During Rotational Molding", J. Polym. Eng., 27, 207-211 (2007)
27. Perot, E., et al., "Optimization and Modelling of Rotational Molding Process", Int. J. Mater. Form., 1, 783-786 (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-008-0292-9
28. Planes, E., et al., "Characterization of New Formulations for the Rotational Molding Based on Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer/Graphite Nanocomposites", Polym. Eng. Sci., 48, 723-731 (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.21012
29. Pokluda, O., et al., "Modification of Frenkel's Model for Sintering", AlChE J., 43, 3253-3256 (1997), http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690431213
30. Powell, C. E., Beall, G. W., "Physical Properties of Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites", Sol. State Mat. Sci., 10, 73-80 (2006), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2006.09.001
31. Rahaman, N. M.: Ceramic Processing and Sintering, Marcel Dekker, New York (2003)
32. Ray, S. S., Okamoto, M., "Polymer/Layered Silicate Nanocomposite: A Review from Preparation to Processing", Prog. Polym. Sci., 28, 1539-1641 (2003), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2003.08.002
33. Shah Rhutesh, K., Paul, R. D., "Organoclay Degradation in Melt Processed Polyethylene Nanocomposites", Polymer, 47, 4075-4084 (2006), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.02.031
34. Shanmuganathan, K., et al., "Flame Retardancy and Char Microstructure of Nylon-6/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 104, 1540-1550 (2007), http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.25542
35. Shelley, J. S., et al., "Reinforcement and Environmental Degradation of Nylon-6/Clay Nanocomposites", Polymer, 42, 5849-5858 (2001), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00900-9
36. Sobotka, V., et al., "Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer in Rotational Molding Process", Int. Polym. Proc., 25, 93-102 (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.2064
37. Sommer, M., et al., "New Formulation for Flame Retardant Halogenfree Pultrusion Profiles", SAMPE Journal, 37, 30-41 (2001)
38. Tidjani, A., et al., "Polypropylene-Graft-Maleic Anhydride-Nanocomposites: I-Characterization and Thermal Stability of Nanocomposites Produced under Nitrogen and in Air", Polym. Degrad. Stab., 82, 133 -140 (2003) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(03)00174-5
39. Torre, L., et al., "Compatibilization and Development of Layered Silicate Nanocomposites Based of Unsatured Polyester Resin and Customized Intercalation Agent", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 115, 3659-3666 (2010), http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.31461
40. Wu, S.: Polymer Interface and Adhesion, Marcel Dekker, New York (1982)
41. Zanetti, M., et al., "Cone Calorimeter Combustion and Gasification Studies of Polymer Layered Silicate Nano composites", Chem. Mater., 14, 881-887 (2002), http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm011236k
42. Zhu, J., et al., "Fire Properties of Polystyrene-Clay Nano composites", Chem. Mater., 13, 3774-3780 (2001), http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm000984r