메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 396-401

Assessment of potential toxicity of a smokeless tobacco product (naswar) available on the Pakistani market

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARSENIC; CARCINOGEN; CHROMIUM; NICKEL; NICOTINE;

EID: 84863778154     PISSN: 09644563     EISSN: 14683318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/tc.2010.042630     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (39)

References (32)
  • 1
    • 0003522835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Medical Research Council, Network Publication Service
    • Pakistan Medical Research Council. National Health Survey of Pakistan 1990-94. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Medical Research Council, Network Publication Service, 1998:50-2.
    • (1998) National Health Survey of Pakistan 1990-94 , pp. 50-52
  • 2
    • 0010400199 scopus 로고
    • The pleasures of tobacco d how it all began and the whole story
    • Voges E. The pleasures of tobacco d how it all began and the whole story. Tob J Int 1984:80-2.
    • (1984) Tob J Int , pp. 80-82
    • Voges, E.1
  • 3
    • 0042972708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is use of smokeless tobacco a risk factor for cigarette smoking? The U.S. experience
    • Tomar SL. Is use of smokeless tobacco a risk factor for cigarette smoking? The U.S. experience. Nicotine Tob Res 2003;5:545-53.
    • (2003) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.5 , pp. 545-553
    • Tomar, S.L.1
  • 4
    • 0034917171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The less harmful cigarette: A controversial issue. a tribute to Ernst L. Wynder
    • Hoffmann D, Hoffmann I, El-Bayoumy K. The less harmful cigarette: a controversial issue. a tribute to Ernst L. Wynder. Chem Res Toxicol 2001;14:767-90.
    • (2001) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.14 , pp. 767-790
    • Hoffmann, D.1    Hoffmann, I.2    El-Bayoumy, K.3
  • 5
    • 59849108127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical and toxicological characterization of commercial smokeless tobacco products available on the Canadian market
    • Rickert WS, Joza PJ, Trivedi AH, et al. Chemical and toxicological characterization of commercial smokeless tobacco products available on the Canadian market. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009;53:121-33.
    • (2009) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.53 , pp. 121-133
    • Rickert, W.S.1    Joza, P.J.2    Trivedi, A.H.3
  • 7
    • 58149351873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Agency for Research on Cancer, (accessed 16 Aug 2009)
    • International Agency for Research on Cancer. Monograph 89: Smokeless Tobacco and Some Tobacco specific N-Nitrosamines, 2007. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/ Monographs/vol89/index.php (accessed 16 Aug 2009).
    • (2007) Monograph 89: Smokeless Tobacco and Some Tobacco specific N-Nitrosamines
  • 8
    • 0346338129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance of smokeless tobacco nicotine, pH, moisture, and unprotonated nicotine content
    • Richter P, Spierto FW. Surveillance of smokeless tobacco nicotine, pH, moisture, and unprotonated nicotine content. Nicotine Tob Res 2003;5:885-9.
    • (2003) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.5 , pp. 885-889
    • Richter, P.1    Spierto, F.W.2
  • 9
    • 0028971495 scopus 로고
    • Five leading U.S. commercial brands of moist snuff in 1994: Assessment of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines
    • Hoffmann D, Djordjevic MV, Fan J, et al. Five leading U.S. commercial brands of moist snuff in 1994: assessment of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:1862-9.
    • (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.87 , pp. 1862-1869
    • Hoffmann, D.1    Djordjevic, M.V.2    Fan, J.3
  • 10
    • 0025736994 scopus 로고
    • Unusually high levels of carcinogenic tobaccospecific nitrosamines in Sudan snuff (toombak)
    • Idris AM, Nair J, Ohshima H, et al. Unusually high levels of carcinogenic tobaccospecific nitrosamines in Sudan snuff (toombak). Carcinogenesis 1991;12:1115-18.
    • (1991) Carcinogenesis , vol.12 , pp. 1115-1118
    • Idris, A.M.1    Nair, J.2    Ohshima, H.3
  • 11
    • 0001466176 scopus 로고
    • Improved methodology for the quantitative assessment of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in tobacco by supercritical fluid extraction
    • Prokopczyk B, Wu M, Cox JE, et al. Improved methodology for the quantitative assessment of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in tobacco by supercritical fluid extraction. J Agric Food Chem 1995;43:916-22.
    • (1995) J Agric Food Chem , vol.43 , pp. 916-922
    • Prokopczyk, B.1    Wu, M.2    Cox, J.E.3
  • 12
    • 0017500671 scopus 로고
    • Habits and dietary pattern of cases of carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx
    • Jafarey NA, Mahmood Z, Zaidi SH. Habits and dietary pattern of cases of carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. J Pak Med Assoc 1977;27:340-3.
    • (1977) J Pak Med Assoc , vol.27 , pp. 340-343
    • Jafarey, N.A.1    Mahmood, Z.2    Zaidi, S.H.3
  • 13
    • 0025016371 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological correlates between consumption of Indian chewing tobacco and oral cancer
    • Goud ML, Mohapatra SC, Mohapatra P, et al. Epidemiological correlates between consumption of Indian chewing tobacco and oral cancer. Eur J Epidemiol 1990;6:219-22.
    • (1990) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.6 , pp. 219-222
    • Goud, M.L.1    Mohapatra, S.C.2    Mohapatra, P.3
  • 14
    • 0032227989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco consumption practices and risk of oro-pharyngeal cancer: A caseecontrol study in central India
    • Wasnik KS, Ughade SN, Zodpey SP, et al. Tobacco consumption practices and risk of oro-pharyngeal cancer: a caseecontrol study in central India. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1998;29:827-34.
    • (1998) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health , vol.29 , pp. 827-834
    • Wasnik, K.S.1    Ughade, S.N.2    Zodpey, S.P.3
  • 15
    • 0034008386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paan without tobacco. an independent risk factor for oral cancer
    • Merchant A, Husain SS, Hosain M, et al. Paan without tobacco. an independent risk factor for oral cancer. Int J Cancer 2000;86:128-31.
    • (2000) Int J Cancer , vol.86 , pp. 128-131
    • Merchant, A.1    Husain, S.S.2    Hosain, M.3
  • 16
    • 84863780556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carcinoma esophagus-a clinicopathological study of 50 cases at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi
    • Jamal S, Ahmad M, Khan AH, et al. Carcinoma esophagus-a clinicopathological study of 50 cases at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi. Pak J Patho 1997;8:24-8.
    • (1997) Pak J Patho , vol.8 , pp. 24-28
    • Jamal, S.1    Ahmad, M.2    Khan, A.H.3
  • 19
    • 45849115806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smokeless tobacco and cancer
    • Bofetta P, Hecht S, Gray N, et al. Smokeless tobacco and cancer. Lancet Oncol 2008;9:667-75.
    • (2008) Lancet Oncol , vol.9 , pp. 667-675
    • Bofetta, P.1    Hecht, S.2    Gray, N.3
  • 20
    • 0042912875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco use as contributory factor in peptic ulcer disease
    • Afridi MA. Tobacco use as contributory factor in peptic ulcer disease. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2003;13:385-7.
    • (2003) J Coll Physicians Surg Pak , vol.13 , pp. 385-387
    • Afridi, M.A.1
  • 21
    • 84863781718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed 7 Jul)
    • Tobprac. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hc-ps/tobac-tabac/legislation/reg/indust/method/ side-second/nicotine-eng.php (accessed 7 Jul 2009).
    • (2009) Tobprac
  • 22
    • 77955940062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of toxic heavy metals in branded pakistani herbal products
    • Saeed M, Muhammad N, Khan H, et al. Analysis of toxic heavy metals in branded pakistani herbal products. Jour Chem Soc Pak 2010;32:471-5.
    • (2010) Jour Chem Soc Pak , vol.32 , pp. 471-475
    • Saeed, M.1    Muhammad, N.2    Khan, H.3
  • 23
    • 78650629130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying toxicological risk assessment principles to constituents of smokeless tobacco products: Implications for product regulation
    • Ayo-Yusuf OA, Connolly GN. Applying toxicological risk assessment principles to constituents of smokeless tobacco products: implications for product regulation. Tob Control 2011;20:53-7.
    • (2011) Tob Control , vol.20 , pp. 53-57
    • Ayo-Yusuf, O.A.1    Connolly, G.N.2
  • 24
    • 77956112415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin K, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc IOM, Washington D. C: National Academy Press
    • IOM. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington D. C: National Academy Press, 2001:290-442.
    • (2001) Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A , pp. 290-442
  • 25
    • 67649573353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)., Atlanta, GA, U. S: Public Health Service
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Department of Public Health and Human Services. Atlanta, GA, U. S: Public Health Service, 2008.
    • (2008) Department of Public Health and Human Services
  • 26
    • 33748499087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)., Atlanta, GA, (accessed 10 Apr 2010)
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profile for Nickel (Update). Atlanta, GA, 2005. http://www.google.com.pk/search? hl=en&source=hp&biw=1003&bih=567&q=Agency+for+Toxic+Substances +and+Disease+Registry+%28ATSDR%29.+ToxicologicalProfile+for+Nickel+% 28Update%29.+Atlanta%2C+GA%2C+2005&rlz=1W1ADRA_en&oq=Agency+for +Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry+%28ATSDR%29. +ToxicologicalProfile+for+Nickel+%28Update%29.+Atlanta%2C+GA%2C +2005&aq=f&aqi=&aql=f&gs_sm=e&gs_upl= 2712l43795l0l2l2l0l1l0l0l215l215l2-1 (accessed 10 Apr 2010).
    • (2005) Toxicological Profile for Nickel (Update)
  • 28
    • 33845624683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative oral bioavailability of arsenic from contaminated soils measured in the cynomolgus monkey
    • Roberts SM, Munson JW, Lowney YW, et al. Relative oral bioavailability of arsenic from contaminated soils measured in the cynomolgus monkey. Toxicol Sci 2007;95:281-8.
    • (2007) Toxicol Sci , vol.95 , pp. 281-288
    • Roberts, S.M.1    Munson, J.W.2    Lowney, Y.W.3
  • 31
    • 0003893915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)., Atlanta, GA: Department of Public Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, (accessed 10 Apr 2010)
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profile for Arsenic (Update). Atlanta, GA: Department of Public Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 2007. http://www.google.com.pk/search? hl=en&source=hp&biw=1003&bih=567&q=Agency+for+Toxic+Substances +and+Disease+Registry+%28ATSDR%29. +Toxicological&rlz=1W1ADRA_en&oq=Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and +Disease+Registry+%28ATSDR%29.+Toxicological&aq=f&aqi=&aql= f&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=2095l2095l0l1l1l0l0l0l0l3l3l1 (accessed 10 Apr 2010).
    • (2007) Toxicological Profile for Arsenic (Update)
  • 32
    • 0025476736 scopus 로고
    • Effect of nutritional status on mutagenicity of urine excreted by rats treated with standard/experimental carcinogens
    • Ammigan N, Nagabhushan M, Nair UJ, et al. Effect of nutritional status on mutagenicity of urine excreted by rats treated with standard/experimental carcinogens. Indian J Exp Biol 1990;28:711-13.
    • (1990) Indian J Exp Biol , vol.28 , pp. 711-713
    • Ammigan, N.1    Nagabhushan, M.2    Nair, U.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.