메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 436-442

Which interventions against the sale of tobacco to minors can be expected to reduce smoking?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; CHILD BEHAVIOR; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; HUMAN; JUVENILE; LAW ENFORCEMENT; LEGAL ASPECT; REVIEW; SMOKING; TOBACCO INDUSTRY;

EID: 84863777132     PISSN: 09644563     EISSN: 14683318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050145     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (89)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0023264303 scopus 로고
    • Legislative efforts to protect children from tobacco
    • DiFranza JR, Norwood BD, Garner DW, et al. Legislative efforts to protect children from tobacco. J Am Med Assoc 1987;257:3387-9.
    • (1987) J Am Med Assoc , vol.257 , pp. 3387-3389
    • DiFranza, J.R.1    Norwood, B.D.2    Garner, D.W.3
  • 2
    • 84863775909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, (accessed 15 Sep). (Archived by WebCite_ at http://www.webcitation.org/5slW8RIaC)
    • World Health Organization. Framework Convention On Tobacco Control. http:// www.who.int/fctc/text_download/en/index.html (accessed 15 Sep 2010). (Archived by WebCite_ at http://www.webcitation.org/5slW8RIaC).
    • (2010) Framework Convention On Tobacco Control
  • 3
    • 0026737522 scopus 로고
    • The Tobacco Institute's It's the Law campaign: Has it halted illegal sales of tobacco to children?
    • DiFranza JR, Brown LJ. The Tobacco Institute's It's the Law campaign: has it halted illegal sales of tobacco to children? Am J Public Health 1992;82:1271-3.
    • (1992) Am J Public Health , vol.82 , pp. 1271-1273
    • DiFranza, J.R.1    Brown, L.J.2
  • 4
    • 77953549181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The We Card program: Tobacco industry youth smoking prevention as industry self-preservation
    • Apollonio DE, Malone RE. The We Card program: tobacco industry youth smoking prevention as industry self-preservation. Am J Public Health 2010;100:1188-201.
    • (2010) Am J Public Health , vol.100 , pp. 1188-1201
    • Apollonio, D.E.1    Malone, R.E.2
  • 5
    • 0033142019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impediments to the enforcement of youth access laws
    • DiFranza JR, Rigotti NA. Impediments to the enforcement of youth access laws. Tob Control 1999;8:152-5.
    • (1999) Tob Control , vol.8 , pp. 152-155
    • DiFranza, J.R.1    Rigotti, N.A.2
  • 6
    • 0034201409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of interventions for preventing tobacco sales to minors
    • Stead L, Lancaster T. A systematic review of interventions for preventing tobacco sales to minors. Tob Control 2000;9:169-76.
    • (2000) Tob Control , vol.9 , pp. 169-176
    • Stead, L.1    Lancaster, T.2
  • 7
    • 0036260677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth access interventions do not affect youth smoking
    • Fichtenberg C, Glantz S. Youth access interventions do not affect youth smoking. Pediatrics 2002;109:1087-91.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , pp. 1087-1091
    • Fichtenberg, C.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 8
    • 3843116848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of a minimum age law for the possibility of purchase of tobacco by adolescents: A study based on Swedish experiences
    • Sundh M, Hagquist C. The importance of a minimum age law for the possibility of purchase of tobacco by adolescents: a study based on Swedish experiences. Scan J Public Health 2004;32:68-74.
    • (2004) Scan J Public Health , vol.32 , pp. 68-74
    • Sundh, M.1    Hagquist, C.2
  • 9
    • 0001212248 scopus 로고
    • Tobacco sales to minors in 97 US and Canadian communities
    • Radecki T, Zdunich C. Tobacco sales to minors in 97 US and Canadian communities. Tob Control 1993;2:300-5.
    • (1993) Tob Control , vol.2 , pp. 300-305
    • Radecki, T.1    Zdunich, C.2
  • 10
    • 0023665669 scopus 로고
    • Laws ban minors' tobacco purchases, but enforcement is another matter
    • Kirn T. Laws ban minors' tobacco purchases, but enforcement is another matter. JAMA 1987;257:3323-4.
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.257 , pp. 3323-3324
    • Kirn, T.1
  • 12
    • 0031312499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Price, public policy, and smoking in young people
    • Lewit E, Hyland A, Kerrebrock N, et al. Price, public policy, and smoking in young people. Tob Control 1997;6(Suppl 2):S17-24.
    • (1997) Tob Control , vol.6 , Issue.SUPPL 2
    • Lewit, E.1    Hyland, A.2    Kerrebrock, N.3
  • 13
    • 0033795544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State youth-access tobacco control policies and youth smoking behavior in the United States
    • Luke D, Stamatakis K, Brownson R. State youth-access tobacco control policies and youth smoking behavior in the United States. Am J Prev Med 2000;19:180-7.
    • (2000) Am J Prev Med , vol.19 , pp. 180-187
    • Luke, D.1    Stamatakis, K.2    Brownson, R.3
  • 14
    • 1042302899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial/ethnic differences in cigarette smoking initiation and progression to daily smoking: A multilevel analysis
    • Kandel DB, Kiros GE, Schaffran C, et al. Racial/ethnic differences in cigarette smoking initiation and progression to daily smoking: a multilevel analysis. Am J Public Health 2004;94:128-35.
    • (2004) Am J Public Health , vol.94 , pp. 128-135
    • Kandel, D.B.1    Kiros, G.E.2    Schaffran, C.3
  • 16
    • 67650227321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco control policy and adolescent cigarette smoking status in the United States
    • Botello-Harbaum MT, Haynie DL, Iannotti RJ, et al. Tobacco control policy and adolescent cigarette smoking status in the United States. Nicotine Tob Res 2009;11:875-85.
    • (2009) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.11 , pp. 875-885
    • Botello-Harbaum, M.T.1    Haynie, D.L.2    Iannotti, R.J.3
  • 17
    • 42149110965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of national policies intended to regulate adolescent smoking in explaining the prevalence of daily smoking: A study of adolescents from 27 European countries
    • Schnohr CW, Kreiner S, Rasmussen M, et al. The role of national policies intended to regulate adolescent smoking in explaining the prevalence of daily smoking: a study of adolescents from 27 European countries. Addiction 2008;103:824-31.
    • (2008) Addiction , vol.103 , pp. 824-831
    • Schnohr, C.W.1    Kreiner, S.2    Rasmussen, M.3
  • 18
    • 10444225927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statewide evaluation of youth access ordinances in practice: Effects of the implementation of community-level regulations in Massachusetts
    • Thomson CC, Gokhale M, Biener L, et al. Statewide evaluation of youth access ordinances in practice: effects of the implementation of community-level regulations in Massachusetts. J Public Health Manag Pract 2004;10:481-9.
    • (2004) J Public Health Manag Pract , vol.10 , pp. 481-489
    • Thomson, C.C.1    Gokhale, M.2    Biener, L.3
  • 19
    • 33644924653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Best practices for enforcing state laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco to minors
    • DiFranza J. Best practices for enforcing state laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco to minors. J Public Health Manag Practice 2005;11:559-65.
    • (2005) J Public Health Manag Practice , vol.11 , pp. 559-565
    • DiFranza, J.1
  • 20
    • 0012805064 scopus 로고
    • It's a good idea to criminalize purchase and possession of tobacco by minors-NOT!
    • Carol J. It's a good idea to criminalize purchase and possession of tobacco by minors-NOT! Tob Control 1992;1:296-7.
    • (1992) Tob Control , vol.1 , pp. 296-297
    • Carol, J.1
  • 21
    • 33947522864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth tobacco access restrictions: Time to shift resources to other interventions?
    • Craig MJ, Boris NW. Youth tobacco access restrictions: time to shift resources to other interventions? Health Promot Pract 2007;8:22-7.
    • (2007) Health Promot Pract , vol.8 , pp. 22-27
    • Craig, M.J.1    Boris, N.W.2
  • 22
    • 0031801290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can non-prosecutory enforcement of public health legislation reduce smoking among high school students?
    • Staff M, March L, Brnabic A, et al. Can non-prosecutory enforcement of public health legislation reduce smoking among high school students? Aust N Z J Public Health 1998;22(3 Suppl):332-5.
    • (1998) Aust N Z J Public Health , vol.22 , Issue.3 SUPPL , pp. 332-335
    • Staff, M.1    March, L.2    Brnabic, A.3
  • 23
    • 0033062852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between tobacco access and use among adolescents: A four community study
    • Altman D, Wheelis A, McFarlane M, et al. The relationship between tobacco access and use among adolescents: a four community study. Soc Sci Med 1999;48:759-75.
    • (1999) Soc Sci Med , vol.48 , pp. 759-775
    • Altman, D.1    Wheelis, A.2    McFarlane, M.3
  • 24
    • 33745447210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco to minors: Impact and adverse consequences
    • Etter JF. Laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco to minors: impact and adverse consequences. Am J Prev Med 2006;31:47-51.
    • (2006) Am J Prev Med , vol.31 , pp. 47-51
    • Etter, J.F.1
  • 25
    • 0036808052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescents' acquisition of cigarettes through noncommercial sources
    • Castrucci BC, Gerlach KK, Kaufman NJ, et al. Adolescents' acquisition of cigarettes through noncommercial sources. J Adolescent Health 2002;31:322-6.
    • (2002) J Adolescent Health , vol.31 , pp. 322-326
    • Castrucci, B.C.1    Gerlach, K.K.2    Kaufman, N.J.3
  • 26
    • 0036518314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette acquisition and proof of age among US high school students who smoke
    • Jones S, Sharp D, Husten C, et al. Cigarette acquisition and proof of age among US high school students who smoke. Tob Control 2002;11:20-5.
    • (2002) Tob Control , vol.11 , pp. 20-25
    • Jones, S.1    Sharp, D.2    Husten, C.3
  • 27
    • 0036807334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limiting youth access to tobacco: A failed intervention
    • Glantz SA. Limiting youth access to tobacco: a failed intervention. J Adolesc Health 2002;31:301-2.
    • (2002) J Adolesc Health , vol.31 , pp. 301-302
    • Glantz, S.A.1
  • 28
    • 0036518889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It is time to abandon youth access tobacco programmes
    • Ling PM, Landman A, Glantz SA. It is time to abandon youth access tobacco programmes. Tob Control 2002;11:3-6.
    • (2002) Tob Control , vol.11 , pp. 3-6
    • Ling, P.M.1    Landman, A.2    Glantz, S.A.3
  • 29
    • 0030903969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent smokers' provision of tobacco to other adolescents
    • Wolfson M, Forster JL, Claxton AJ, et al. Adolescent smokers' provision of tobacco to other adolescents. Am J Public Health 1997;87:649-51.
    • (1997) Am J Public Health , vol.87 , pp. 649-651
    • Wolfson, M.1    Forster, J.L.2    Claxton, A.J.3
  • 30
    • 1542442238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social exchange of cigarettes by youth
    • Forster J, Chen V, Blaine T, et al. Social exchange of cigarettes by youth. Tob Control 2003;12:148-54.
    • (2003) Tob Control , vol.12 , pp. 148-154
    • Forster, J.1    Chen, V.2    Blaine, T.3
  • 31
    • 33749527892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth supplying tobacco to other minors: Evaluating individual and tow-level correlates
    • Pokorny S, Jason L, Schoeny M. Youth supplying tobacco to other minors: evaluating individual and tow-level correlates. J Youth Adolesc 2006;35:705-15.
    • (2006) J Youth Adolesc , vol.35 , pp. 705-715
    • Pokorny, S.1    Jason, L.2    Schoeny, M.3
  • 32
    • 0035657029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of tobacco for youths in communities with strong enforcement of youth access laws
    • DiFranza JR, Coleman M. Sources of tobacco for youths in communities with strong enforcement of youth access laws. Tob Control 2001;10:323-8.
    • (2001) Tob Control , vol.10 , pp. 323-328
    • DiFranza, J.R.1    Coleman, M.2
  • 33
    • 36549007943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing underage cigarettes sales in an isolated community: The effect on adolescent cigarette supplies
    • Levinson A, Mickiewicz T. Reducing underage cigarettes sales in an isolated community: the effect on adolescent cigarette supplies. Prev Med 2007;45:447-53.
    • (2007) Prev Med , vol.45 , pp. 447-453
    • Levinson, A.1    Mickiewicz, T.2
  • 34
    • 0041805291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usual sources of cigarettes for middle and high school studentsdTexas, 1998-1999
    • Huang P, Alo C, Satterwhite D, et al. Usual sources of cigarettes for middle and high school studentsdTexas, 1998-1999. MMWR 2002;51:900-1.
    • (2002) MMWR , vol.51 , pp. 900-901
    • Huang, P.1    Alo, C.2    Satterwhite, D.3
  • 35
    • 0037406982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescents' acquisition of cigarettes through noncommercial sources: Comment
    • DiFranza J. Adolescents' acquisition of cigarettes through noncommercial sources: Comment. J Adolescent Health 2002;32:331-2.
    • (2002) J Adolescent Health , vol.32 , pp. 331-332
    • DiFranza, J.1
  • 36
    • 0031830186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of community policies to reduce youth access to tobacco
    • Forster J, Murray D, Wolfson M, et al. The effects of community policies to reduce youth access to tobacco. Am J Public Health 1998;88:1193-8.
    • (1998) Am J Public Health , vol.88 , pp. 1193-1198
    • Forster, J.1    Murray, D.2    Wolfson, M.3
  • 37
    • 0344723555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing adolescent smoking rates. Maintaining high retail compliance results in substantial improvements
    • Tutt D, Bauer L, Edwards C, et al. Reducing adolescent smoking rates. Maintaining high retail compliance results in substantial improvements. Health Promot J Aust 2000;10:20-4.
    • (2000) Health Promot J Aust , vol.10 , pp. 20-24
    • Tutt, D.1    Bauer, L.2    Edwards, C.3
  • 38
    • 65149094887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of restricting the retail supply of tobacco to minors
    • Tutt D, Bauer L, DiFranza J. The impact of restricting the retail supply of tobacco to minors. J Public Health Policy 2009;30:68-82.
    • (2009) J Public Health Policy , vol.30 , pp. 68-82
    • Tutt, D.1    Bauer, L.2    Di Franza, J.3
  • 39
    • 0041823378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the prevalence of youth smoking affected by efforts to increase retailer compliance with a minors' access law?
    • Cummings K, Hyland A, Perla J, et al. Is the prevalence of youth smoking affected by efforts to increase retailer compliance with a minors' access law? Nicotine Tob Res 2003;5:465-71.
    • (2003) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.5 , pp. 465-471
    • Cummings, K.1    Hyland, A.2    Perla, J.3
  • 40
    • 36049036632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal patterns of youth access to cigarettes and smoking progression: Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort (MACC) study (2000-2003)
    • Widome R, Forster JL, Hannan PJ, et al. Longitudinal patterns of youth access to cigarettes and smoking progression: Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort (MACC) study (2000-2003). Prev Med 2007;45:442-6.
    • (2007) Prev Med , vol.45 , pp. 442-446
    • Widome, R.1    Forster, J.L.2    Hannan, P.J.3
  • 41
    • 84944971525 scopus 로고
    • Active enforcement of cigarette control laws in the prevention of cigarette sales to minors
    • Jason L, Ji P, Anes M, et al. Active enforcement of cigarette control laws in the prevention of cigarette sales to minors. J Am Med Assoc 1991;266:3159-61.
    • (1991) J Am Med Assoc , vol.266 , pp. 3159-3161
    • Jason, L.1    Ji, P.2    Anes, M.3
  • 42
    • 85009628531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term follow-up of youth access laws' impact on smoking prevalence
    • Jason L, Katz R, Vavra J, et al. Long term follow-up of youth access laws' impact on smoking prevalence. J Hum Behav Soc Environ 1999;1:1-13.
    • (1999) J Hum Behav Soc Environ , vol.1 , pp. 1-13
    • Jason, L.1    Katz, R.2    Vavra, J.3
  • 43
    • 0142200386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is restricting tobacco sales the answer to adolescent smoking?
    • Staff M, Bennett C, Angel P. Is restricting tobacco sales the answer to adolescent smoking? Prev Med 2003;37:529-33.
    • (2003) Prev Med , vol.37 , pp. 529-533
    • Staff, M.1    Bennett, C.2    Angel, P.3
  • 44
    • 0032062377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How easy is it for young people to obtain cigarettes and do test sales by trading standards have any effect? a survey of two schools in Gateshead
    • Baggot M, Jordan C, Wright C, et al. How easy is it for young people to obtain cigarettes and do test sales by trading standards have any effect? a survey of two schools in Gateshead. Child Care Health Dev 1998;24:207-16.
    • (1998) Child Care Health Dev , vol.24 , pp. 207-216
    • Baggot, M.1    Jordan, C.2    Wright, C.3
  • 45
    • 0030851216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Test sales do not have impact on prevalence of smoking by children
    • Bagott M, Jordan C, Wright C, et al. Test sales do not have impact on prevalence of smoking by children. BMJ 1997;315:490.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.315 , pp. 490
    • Bagott, M.1    Jordan, C.2    Wright, C.3
  • 46
    • 0030961048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of enforcing tobacco sales laws on youth's access to tobacco and smoking behavior: A controlled trial
    • Rigotti N, DiFranza J, Chang Y, et al. The effect of enforcing tobacco sales laws on youth's access to tobacco and smoking behavior: a controlled trial. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1044-51.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 1044-1051
    • Rigotti, N.1    Di Franza, J.2    Chang, Y.3
  • 48
    • 10444282018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between access to tobacco and adolescent smoking
    • Dent C, Biglan A. Relation between access to tobacco and adolescent smoking. Tob Control 2004;13:334-8.
    • (2004) Tob Control , vol.13 , pp. 334-338
    • Dent, C.1    Biglan, A.2
  • 50
    • 65149103542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of the Synar amendment on adolescent smoking
    • DiFranza J, Savageau J, Fletcher K. The impact of the Synar amendment on adolescent smoking. BMC Public Health 2009;9:107.
    • (2009) BMC Public Health , vol.9 , pp. 107
    • DiFranza, J.1    Savageau, J.2    Fletcher, K.3
  • 51
    • 33745567883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-term effect of local policies to restrict retail sale of tobacco to youth
    • Chen V, Forster JL. The long-term effect of local policies to restrict retail sale of tobacco to youth. Nicotine Tob Res 2006;8:371-7.
    • (2006) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.8 , pp. 371-377
    • Chen, V.1    Forster, J.L.2
  • 52
    • 0033111536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of enforcement of youth access laws on smoking prevalence
    • Jason L, Berk M, Schnopp-Wyatt D, et al. Effects of enforcement of youth access laws on smoking prevalence. Am J Comm Psychol 1999;27:143-60.
    • (1999) Am J Comm Psychol , vol.27 , pp. 143-160
    • Jason, L.1    Berk, M.2    Schnopp-Wyatt, D.3
  • 53
    • 0037368509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the effects of enforcements and fines on youth smoking
    • Jason L, Pokorny S, Schoeny M. Evaluating the effects of enforcements and fines on youth smoking. Crit Publ Health 2003;13:33-45.
    • (2003) Crit Publ Health , vol.13 , pp. 33-45
    • Jason, L.1    Pokorny, S.2    Schoeny, M.3
  • 54
    • 84863785748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of increased retailer compliance rates on youth smoking behaviors and access to cigarettes
    • Perla J. Effects of increased retailer compliance rates on youth smoking behaviors and access to cigarettes. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 1999;60:606. http://www.proquest.com/en-US/catalogs/ databases/detail/dai.shtml
    • (1999) Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. , vol.60 , pp. 606
    • Perla, J.1
  • 55
    • 0037508836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of retail tobacco availability on initiation and continued cigarette smoking
    • Pokorny S, Jason L. Effects of retail tobacco availability on initiation and continued cigarette smoking. J Clin Child Adolesc 2003;32:193-204.
    • (2003) J Clin Child Adolesc , vol.32 , pp. 193-204
    • Pokorny, S.1    Jason, L.2
  • 58
    • 52949092352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tobacco sales ban and tobacco purchases by adolescents: A general population study in The Netherlands
    • Verdonk-Kleinjan WM, Knibbe RA, Bieleman B, et al. The tobacco sales ban and tobacco purchases by adolescents: a general population study in The Netherlands. Eur J Public Health 2008;18:498-503.
    • (2008) Eur J Public Health , vol.18 , pp. 498-503
    • Verdonk-Kleinjan, W.M.1    Knibbe, R.A.2    Bieleman, B.3
  • 63
    • 0034146186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised controlled trial of a community intervention to prevent adolescent tobacco use
    • Biglan A, Ary DV, Smolkowski K, et al. A randomised controlled trial of a community intervention to prevent adolescent tobacco use. Tob Control 2000;9:24-32.
    • (2000) Tob Control , vol.9 , pp. 24-32
    • Biglan, A.1    Ary, D.V.2    Smolkowski, K.3
  • 64
    • 34548572248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking habits before and after the introduction of a minimum-age law for tobacco purchase: Analysis of data on adolescents from three regions of Sweden
    • Hagquist C, Sundh M, Eriksson C. Smoking habits before and after the introduction of a minimum-age law for tobacco purchase: analysis of data on adolescents from three regions of Sweden. Scand J Public Health 2007;35:373-9.
    • (2007) Scand J Public Health , vol.35 , pp. 373-379
    • Hagquist, C.1    Sundh, M.2    Eriksson, C.3
  • 65
    • 0026713966 scopus 로고
    • Impact of a local ordinance banning tobacco sales to minors
    • Hinds MW. Impact of a local ordinance banning tobacco sales to minors. Public Health Rep 1992;107:355-8.
    • (1992) Public Health Rep , vol.107 , pp. 355-358
    • Hinds, M.W.1
  • 66
    • 33645474144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retail tobacco outlet density and youth cigarette smoking: A propensity-modeling approach
    • Novak SP, Reardon SF, Raudenbush SW, et al. Retail tobacco outlet density and youth cigarette smoking: a propensity-modeling approach. Am J Public Health 2006;96:670-6.
    • (2006) Am J Public Health , vol.96 , pp. 670-676
    • Novak, S.P.1    Reardon, S.F.2    Raudenbush, S.W.3
  • 67
    • 0032731337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of local tobacco sales laws on adolescent smoking initiation
    • Siegel M, Biener L, Rigotti N. The effect of local tobacco sales laws on adolescent smoking initiation. Prev Med 1999;29:334-42.
    • (1999) Prev Med , vol.29 , pp. 334-342
    • Siegel, M.1    Biener, L.2    Rigotti, N.3
  • 68
    • 0026353682 scopus 로고
    • Sustained effects of an educational program to reduce sales of cigarettes to minors
    • Altman D, Rasenick-Douss L, Foster V, et al. Sustained effects of an educational program to reduce sales of cigarettes to minors. Am J Public Health 1991;81:891-3.
    • (1991) Am J Public Health , vol.81 , pp. 891-893
    • Altman, D.1    Rasenick-Douss, L.2    Foster, V.3
  • 69
    • 0030077134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing tobacco use-the youth access trap
    • Glantz S. Preventing tobacco use-the youth access trap. Am J Public Health 1996:156-7.
    • (1996) Am J Public Health , pp. 156-157
    • Glantz, S.1
  • 70
    • 0035713490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the potential cost-effectiveness of enforcing a prohibition on the sale of tobacco to minors?
    • [erratum appears in Prev Med 2001 Sep;33(3):227]
    • DiFranza JR, Peck RM, Radecki TE, et al. What is the potential cost-effectiveness of enforcing a prohibition on the sale of tobacco to minors? [erratum appears in Prev Med 2001 Sep;33(3):227]. Prev Med 2001;32:168-74.
    • (2001) Prev Med , vol.32 , pp. 168-174
    • DiFranza, J.R.1    Peck, R.M.2    Radecki, T.E.3
  • 71
    • 84863775910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Cancer Society., Ottawa, Ontario: The Canadian Cancer Society
    • Canadian Cancer Society. A Critical Analysis of Youth Access Laws. Ottawa, Ontario: The Canadian Cancer Society, 2002.
    • (2002) A Critical Analysis of Youth Access Laws


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.