Reduction of resting heart rate with antianginal drugs: Review and meta-analysis

American Journal of Therapeutics

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 269-280

  Cucherat, Michel ^a   Borer, Jeffrey S ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LYON 1   (France)

^b SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c Downstate Health Sciences University   (United States)

Author keywords

beta blocker; calcium channel blocker; coronary artery disease; heart rate reduction; ivabradine

Indexed keywords

ATENOLOL; DILTIAZEM; IVABRADINE; METOPROLOL; METOPROLOL TARTRATE; VERAPAMIL;

COCHRANE LIBRARY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; EMBASE; FUNDING; HEART RATE; MEDLINE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RESTING HEART RATE; REVIEW; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; STABLE ANGINA PECTORIS;

ANGINA PECTORIS; ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 84863721253     PISSN: 10752765     EISSN: 15363686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3182246a49     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Dyer AR, Persky V, Stamler J, et al. Heart rate as a prognostic factor for coronary heart disease and mortality: findings in three Chicago epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol. 1980;112:736-749.
2. Jouven X, Desnos M, Guerot C, et al. Predicting sudden death in the population: the Paris Prospective Study I. Circulation. 1999;99:1978-1983.
3. Kannel WB, Kannel C, Paffenbarger RSJR, et al. Heart rate and cardiovascular mortality: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J. 1987;113:1489-1494.
4. Diaz A, Bourassa MG, Guertin MC, et al. Long-term prognostic value of resting heart rate in patients with suspected or proven coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:967-974.
5. Kolloch R, Legler UF, Champion A, et al. Impact of resting heart rate on outcomes in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: findings from the INternational VErapamil-SR/trandolapril STudy (INVEST). Eur Heart J. 2008;29:1327-1334.
6. Heusch G. Heart rate in the pathophysiology of coronary blood flow and myocardial ischaemia: benefit from selective bradycardic agents. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;153: 1589-1601.
7. Braunwald E, Epstein SE, Glick G, et al. Relief of angina pectoris by electrical stimulation of the carotid-sinus nerves. N Engl J Med. 1967;277:1278-1283.
8. Simonsen S, Ihlen H, Kjekshus JK. Haemodynamic and metabolic effects of timolol (Blocadren) on ischaemic myocardium. Acta Med Scand. 1983;213:393-398.
9. Stone PH, Gibson RS, Glasser SP, et al. Comparison of propranolol, diltiazem, and nifedipine in the treatment of ambulatory ischemia in patients with stable angina. Differential effects on ambulatory ischemia, exercise performance, and anginal symptoms. The ASIS Study Group. Circulation. 1990;82:1962-1972.
10. Colin P, Ghaleh B, Monnet X, et al. Contributions of heart rate and contractility to myocardial oxygen balance during exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003; 284:H676-H682.
11. Hinderliter A, Miller P, Bragdon E, et al. Myocardial ischemia during daily activities: the importance of increased myocardial oxygen demand. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;18:405-412.
12. Colin P, Ghaleh B, Monnet X, et al. Effect of graded heart rate reduction with ivabradine on myocardial oxygen consumption and diastolic time in exercising dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004;308:236-240.
13. Giannoglou GD, Chatzizisis YS, Zamboulis C, et al. Elevated heart rate and atherosclerosis: an overview of the pathogenetic mechanisms. Int J Cardiol. 2008;126: 302-312.
14. Perski A, Hamsten A, Lindvall K, et al. Heart rate correlates with severity of coronary atherosclerosis in young postinfarction patients. Am Heart J. 1988;116:1369-1373.
15. Beere PA, Glagov S, Zarins CK. Experimental atherosclerosis at the carotid bifurcation of the cynomolgus monkey. Localization, compensatory enlargement, and the sparing effect of lowered heart rate. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992;12: 1245-1253.
16. Heidland UE, Strauer BE. Left ventricular muscle mass and elevated heart rate are associated with coronary plaque disruption. Circulation. 2001;104:1477-1482.
17. Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, et al. Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372:817-821.
18. Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, et al. Ivabradine for patients with stable coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372:807-816.
19. Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, et al. Relationship between ivabradine treatment and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease and left ventricular systolic dysfunction with limiting angina: a subgroup analysis of the randomized, controlled BEAUTIFUL trial. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:2337-2345.
20. Haynes RB, Wilczynski N, McKibbon KA, et al. Developing optimal search strategies for detecting clinically sound studies in MEDLINE. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1994; 1:447-458.
21. Hossack KF, Pool PE, Steele P, et al. Efficacy of diltiazem in angina on effort: a multicenter trial. Am J Cardiol. 1982; 49:567-572.
22. Low RI, Takeda P, Lee G, et al. Effects of diltiazeminduced calcium blockade upon exercise capacity in effort angina due to chronic coronary artery disease. Am Heart J. 1981;101:713-718.
23. Starling MR, Crawford MH, O'Rourke RA. Diltiazem: effects on exercise performance in patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol. 1982;1:229-237.
24. De BG, Vincke J. Double-blind comparison of diltiazem and placebo in the treatment of exercise-inducible chronic stable angina pectoris. Acta Cardiol. 1982;37:245-255.
25. Strauss WE, McIntyre KM, Parisi AF, et al. Safety and efficacy of diltiazem hydrochloride for the treatment of stable angina pectoris: report of a cooperative clinical trial. Am J Cardiol. 1982;49:560-566.
26. Hung J, Lamb IH, Connolly SJ, et al. The effect of diltiazem and propranolol, alone and in combination, on exercise performance and left ventricular function in patients with stable effort angina: a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled study. Circulation. 1983;68:560-567.
27. Go M, Jr., Hollenberg M. Improved efficacy of high-dose versus medium- and low-dose diltiazem therapy for chronic stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 1984;53: 669-673.
28. Lindenberg BS, Weiner DA, McCabe CH, et al. Efficacy and safety of incremental doses of diltiazem for the treatment of stable angina pectoris. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983;2:1129-1133.
29. Petru MA, Crawford MH, Sorensen SG, et al. Short- and long-term efficacy of high-dose oral diltiazem for angina due to coronary artery disease: a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind crossover study. Circulation. 1983;68:139-147.
30. Frances Y, Gagey S, Stalla-Bourdillon A. Twenty-four hour efficacy of two dose levels of a once daily sustained-release diltiazem formulation in stable angina: a placebo-controlledtrial. The Dildurang Study Group. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1995; 39:277-282.
31. Neumann M, Luisada AA. Double blind evaluation of orally administered iproveratril in patients with angina pectoris. Am J Med Sci. 1966;251:552-556.
32. Sandler G, Clayton GA, Thornicroft SG. Clinical evaluation of verapamil in angina pectoris. Br Med J. 1968;3: 224-227.
33. Andreasen F, Boye E, Christoffersen E, et al. Assessment of verapamil in the treatment of angina pectoris. Eur J Cardiol. 1975;2:443-452.
34. Rousseau MF, Pouleur H, Cocco G, et al. Comparative efficacy of ranolazine versus atenolol for chronic angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 2005;95:311-316.
35. Shapiro W. Comparison of once daily atenolol and placebo in the treatment of stable angina pectoris. Cardiovasc Rev Report. 1985;6:1292-1304.
36. Freedman SB, Jamal SM, Harris PJ, et al. Comparison of carvedilol and atenolol for angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60:499-502.
37. Boyle RM. Atenolol in angina. Ann Cardiovasc Drugs. 1983;25(Suppl 3):193-197.
38. Ekelund LG, Olsson AG, Oro L, et al. Effects of the cardioselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent metoprolol in angina pectoris. Subacute study with exercise tests. Br Heart J. 1976;38:155-161.
39. Borer JS, Comerford MB, Sowton E. Assessment of metoprolol, a cardioselective beta-blocking agent, during chronic therapy in patients with angina pectoris. J Int Med Res. 1976;4:15-22.
40. Keyrilainen O, Uusitalo A. Effects of metoprolol in angina pectoris. A subacute study with exercise tests and a long-term tolerability study. Acta Med Scand. 1976;199: 491-497.
41. KleinWW, Khurmi NS, Eber B, et al. Effects of benazepril and metoprolol OROS alone and in combination on myocardial ischemia in patients with chronic stable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;16:948-956.
42. Borer JS, Fox K, Jaillon P, et al. Antianginal and antiischemic effects of ivabradine, an I(f) inhibitor, in stable angina: a randomized, double-blind, multicentered, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation. 2003;107:817-823.
43. Summary of Product Characteristics. Procoralan. European Medicines Agency. http://www.emea eu int/humandocs/Humans/EPAR/procoralan/procoralan htm. 2005.
44. Pine MB, Citron PD, Bailly DJ, et al. Verapamil versus placebo in relieving stable angina pectoris. Circulation. 1982;65:17-22.
45. Zipes DP, Fischer JC. Effects of agents which inhibit the slow channel on sinus node automaticity and atrioventricular conduction in the dog. Circ Res. 1974;34:184-192.
46. Kawai C, Konishi T, Matsuyama E, et al. Comparative effects of three calcium antagonists, diltiazem, verapamil and nifedipine, on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. Experimental and clinical studies. Circulation. 1981;63:1035-1042.
47. DiFrancesco D, Camm AJ. Heart rate lowering by specific and selective I(f) current inhibition with ivabradine. A new therapeutic perspective in cardiovascular disease. Drugs. 2004;64:1757-1765.
48. Fox K, Borer JS, Camm AJ, et al. Resting heart rate in cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50: 823-830.
49. Van D, V, Daniels MC, et al. Combination of calcium channel blockers and beta-adrenoceptor blockers for patients with exercise-induced angina pectoris: a double-blind parallel-group comparison of different classes of calcium channel blockers. Netherlands Working Group on Cardiovascular Research (WCN). Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999;47:493-498.
50. Panza JA, Diodati JG, Callahan TS, et al. Role of increases in heart rate in determining the occurrence and frequency of myocardial ischemia during daily life in patients with stable coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20: 1092-1098.
51. Aboyans V, Criqui MH. Can we improve cardiovascular risk prediction beyond risk equations in the physician's office? J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59:547-558.
52. Theobald H,Wandell PE. Effect of heart rate on long-term mortality among men and women. Acta Cardiol. 2007;62: 275-279.
53. Macfarlane PW, Norrie J. The value of the electrocardiogram in risk assessment in primary prevention: experience from the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. J Electrocardiol. 2007;40:101-109.
54. Jouven X, Empana JP, Schwartz PJ, et al. Heart-rate profile during exercise as a predictor of sudden death. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1951-1958.
55. Shaper AG,Wannamethee G, Macfarlane PW, et al. Heart rate, ischaemic heart disease, and sudden cardiac death in middle-aged British men. Br Heart J. 1993;70:49-55.
56. Cucherat M. Quantitative relationship between resting heart rate reduction and magnitude of clinical benefits in post-myocardial infarction: a meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:3012-3019.
57. Kjekshus J, Gullestad L. Heart rate as a therapeutic target in heart failure. Eur Heart J. 1999;1:H64-H69.
58. Jouven X, Empana JP, Escolano S, et al. Relation of heart rate at rest and long-term (>20 years) death rate in initially healthy middle-aged men. Am J Cardiol. 2009;103: 279-283.
59. Savelieva I, Camm AJ. I(f) inhibition with ivabradine: Electrophysiological effects and safety. Drug Saf. 2008;31: 95-107.
60. Boden WE, Vray M, Eschwege E, et al. Heart ratelowering and -regulating effects of once-daily sustainedrelease diltiazem. Clin Cardiol. 2001;24:73-79.