High risk factors for severe hand, foot and mouth disease: A multicenter retrospective survey in Anhui Province China, 2008-2009

Indian Journal of Dermatology

Volumn 57, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 316-321

  Pan, Jiahua ^a   Chen, Mingwu ^a   Zhang, Xuzhong ^b   Chen, Yulong ^c   Liu, Hui ^a   Shen, Wei ^a  

^a ANHUI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b The First People's Hospital of Hefei   (China)

^c HANGZHOU FIRST PEOPLE'S HOSPITAL   (China)

Author keywords

Complication; hand foot and mouth disease; risk factor

Indexed keywords

CREATINE KINASE MB; GLUCOSE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; MANNITOL; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; RIBAVIRIN; SEDATIVE AGENT;

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BLOOD CHEMISTRY; BREATHING RATE; CHILD; CHINA; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYANOSIS; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; DIARRHEA; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DYSPNEA; FEMALE; FEVER; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HAND FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE; HEADACHE; HEALTH SURVEY; HEART RATE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; INFANT; LABORATORY TEST; LETHARGY; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; LEUKOPENIA; LIMB DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MULTICENTER STUDY; NAUSEA; OXYGEN THERAPY; PALLOR; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SKIN DEFECT; STOMACH PAIN; SYMPTOM; TACHYCARDIA; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; VOMITING;

EID: 84863653275     PISSN: 00195154     EISSN: 19983611     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.97683     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Richardson HB Jr, Leibovitz A. Hand, foot and mouth disease in children. J Pediatr 1965;67:6-12.
2. Wu Y, Yeo A, Phoon MC, Tan EL, Poh CL, Quak SH, et al. The largest outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease in Singapore in 2008: The role of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A strains. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14:e1076-81.
3. Bârlean L, Avram G, Pavlov E, Cotor F. Investigation of five cases of vesicular enteroviral stomatitis with exanthema induced by coxsackie A5 virus. Rev Roum Virol 1994;45:3-9.
4. Itagaki A, Ishihara J, Mochida K, Ito Y, Saito K, Nishino Y, et al. A clustering outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by Coxsackie virus A10. Microbiol Immunol 1983;27:929-35.
5. Gilbert GL, Dickson KE, Waters MJ, Kennett ML, Land SA, Sneddon M. Outbreak of enterovirus infection in Victoria, Australia, with a high incidence of neurologic involvement. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1988;7:484-8.
6. Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Yang W, Ren J, Tan X, Wang Y, et al. An emerging recombinant human enterovirus 71 responsible for the2008 outbreak of hand foot and mouth disease in Fuyang city of China. Virol J 2010;7:94.
7. Muir P, van Loon AM. Enterovirus infections of the central nervous system. Intervirology 1997;40:153-66.
8. Hall WA. Infectious lesions of the brain stem. Neurosurg Clin North Am 1993;4:543-51.
9. Sun LM, Zheng HY, Zheng HZ, Guo X, He JF, Guan DW, et al. An Enterovirus 71 Epidemic in Guangdong Province of China, 2008: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Virogenic Manifestations. Jpn J Infect Dis 2011;64:13-8.
10. Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of hand, foot, and mouth disease, published by Chinese Ministry of Health in 2010. Chinese Community Doctors 2010. p. 21.
11. Melnick JL. Enterovirus type 71 infections: A varied clinical pattern sometimes mimicking paralytic poliomyelitis. Rev Infect Dis 1984;6:S387-90.
12. Samuda GM, Chang WK, Yeung CY, Tang PS. Monoplegia caused by enterovirus 71: An outbreak in Hong Kong. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987;6:206-8.
13. Landry ML, Fonseca SN, Cohen S, Bogue CW. Fatal enterovirus type 71 infection: Rapid detection and diagnostic pitfalls. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995;14:1095-100.
14. Zhang Y, Tan XJ, Wang HY, Yan DM, Zhu SL, Wang DY, et al. An outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with subgenotype C4 of human enterovirus 71 in Shandong, China. J Clin Virol 2009;44:262-7.
15. Ishimaru Y, Nakano S, Yamaoka K, Takami S. Outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease by enterovirus 71: High incidence of complication disorders of central nervous system. Arch Dis Child 1980; 55:583-8.
16. Chatproedprai S, Theanboonlers A, Korkong S, Thongmee C, Wananukul S, Poovorawan Y. Clinical and molecular characterization of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Thailand, 2008-2009. Jpn J Infect Dis 2010;63:229-33.
17. Sarma N, Sarkar A, Mukherjee A, Ghosh A, Dhar S, Malakar R. Epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease in West Bengal, India in August, 2007: A multicentric study. Indian J Dermatol 2009;54:26-30.
18. Chang LY, King CC, Hsu KH, Ning HC, Tsao KC, Li CC, et al. Risk factors of enterovirus 71 infection and associated hand, foot, and mouth disease/herpangina in children during an epidemic in Taiwan. Pediatrics 2002;109:e88.
19. Ooi MH, Wong SC, Mohan A, Podin Y, Perera D, Clear D, et al. Identification and validation of clinical predictors for the risk of neurological involvement in children with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Sarawak. BMC Infect Dis 2009;9:3.
20. Cho HK, Lee NY, Lee H, Kim HS, Seo JW, Hong YM, et al. Enterovirus 71-associated hand, foot and mouth diseases with neurologic symptoms, a university hospital experience in Korea, 2009. Korean J Pediatr 2010;53:639-43.
21. Wong KT, Munisamy B, Ong KC, Kojima H, Noriyo N, Chua KB, et al. The distribution of inflammation and virus in human enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis suggests possible viral spread by neural pathways. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2008;67:162-9.
22. Huang CC, Liu CC, Chang YC, Chen CY, Wang ST, Yeh TF. Neurologic complications in children with enterovirus 71 infection. N Engl J Med 1999;341:936-42.
23. Wang SM, Lei HY, Huang KJ, Wu JM, Wang JR, Yu CK, et al. Pathogenesis of enterovirus 71 brainstem encephalitis in pediatric patients: Roles of cytokines and cellular immune activation in patients with pulmonary edema. J Infect Dis 2003;188:564-70.
24. Lum LC. Fatal enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis. Pediatrics 1998;133:795-8.
25. Theodore J, Robin ED. Pathogenesis of neurogenic pulmonary oedema. Lancet 1975;2:749-51.