Balancing act: Safe and evidence-based prescribing for women of reproductive age

Women's Health

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 415-425

  Pace, Lydia E ^a   Schwarz, Eleanor Bimla ^b  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

birth defects; contraception; contraceptive counseling; preconception care; pregnancy; teratogenic medications

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTITHYROID AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; COPPER INTRAUTERINE DEVICE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DOXYCYCLINE; EFAVIRENZ; ERGOTAMINE DERIVATIVE; FLUCONAZOLE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; ISOTRETINOIN; LABETALOL; LEVONORGESTREL; LITHIUM; METHOTREXATE; METHYLDOPA; METOPROLOL; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; STEROID; TETRACYCLINE; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; TRIPTAN DERIVATIVE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID; WARFARIN;

BIRTH DEFECT; CONGENITAL MALFORMATION; CONTRACEPTION; DEPRESSION; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE FERTILITY; GENE MUTATION; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT; NONHUMAN; PATIENT COUNSELING; PREGNANCY TEST; PREGNANT WOMAN; PRENATAL DRUG EXPOSURE; PRESCRIPTION; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SMALL FOR DATE INFANT; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; TERATOGENICITY; UNPLANNED PREGNANCY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES; DRUG UTILIZATION; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HEALTH POLICY; HUMANS; MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; PREGNANCY; PRESCRIPTION DRUGS; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; RISK FACTORS; TERATOGENS; UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84863601316     PISSN: 17455057     EISSN: 17455065     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/whe.12.25     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. Christianson A, Howson CP, Modell B. Global Report on Birth Defects. March of Dimes, NY, USA (2006).
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update on overall prevalence of major birth defects - Atlanta, Georgia, 1978-2005. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 57(1), 1-5 (2008).
3. Hardy JR, Leaderer BP, Holford TR, Hall GC, Bracken MB. Safety of medications prescribed before and during early pregnancy in a cohort of 81,975 mothers from the UK general practice research database. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 15(8), 555-564 (2006). (Pubitemid 44336270)
4. Schwarz EB, Maselli J, Norton M, Gonzales R. Prescription of teratogenic medications in United States ambulatory practices. Am. J. Med. 118(11), 1240-1249 (2005). (Pubitemid 41566525)
5. Andrade SE, Gurwitz JH, Davis RL et al. Prescription drug use in pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 191(2), 398-407 (2004). (Pubitemid 39178690)
6. Finer LB, Zolna MR. Unintended pregnancy in the United States: Incidence and disparities, 2006. Contraception 84(5), 478-485 (2011).
7. Feibus KB. FDA's proposed rule for pregnancy and lactation labeling: Improving maternal child health through well-informed medicine use. J. Med. Toxicol. 4(4), 284-288 (2008).
8. Sladden MJ, Harman KE. What is the chance of a normal pregnancy in a woman whose fetus has been exposed to isotretinoin? Arch. Dermatol. 143(9), 1187-1188 (2007). (Pubitemid 47443373)
9. Mitchell AA. Systematic identification of drugs that cause birth defects - A new opportunity. N. Engl. J. Med. 349(26), 2556-2559 (2003). (Pubitemid 38010084)
10. Schwarz EB, Borrero S, Chireau MV. Safe prescribing for women of reproductive age: Treatment recommendations for the VA. Fed. Pract. 26(2), 38-45 (2009).
11. US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER): REVIEWER Guidance: EVALUATING the Risks of Drug Exposure in Human Pregnancies. US Department of Health and Human Services, MD, USA (2005).
12. Moore KL, Persaud TVN. The Developing Human: CLINICALLY Oriented Embryology (8th Edition). Saunders/Elsevier, PA, USA (2008).
13. Hsieh CL, Wang HE, Tsai WJ, Peng CC, Peng RY. Multiple point action mechanism of valproic acid-teratogenicity alleviated by folic acid, vitamin C and N-Acetylcysteine in chicken embryo model. Toxicology 291(1-3), 32-42 (2012).
14. Stewart DE. Clinical practice. Depression during pregnancy. N. Engl. J. Med. 365(17), 1605-1611 (2011).
15. Howard TB, Tassinari MS, Feibus KB, Mathis LL. Monitoring for teratogenic signals: Pregnancy registries and surveillance methods. Am. J. Med. Genet. C. Semin. Med. Genet. 157(3), 209-214 (2011).
16. Schwarz EB, Postlethwaite DA, Hung YY, Armstrong MA. Documentation of contraception and pregnancy when prescribing potentially teratogenic medications for reproductive-Age women. Ann. Intern. Med. 147(6), 370-376 (2007). (Pubitemid 351664537)
17. Eisenberg DL, Stika C, Desai A, Baker D, Yost KJ. Providing contraception for women taking potentially teratogenic medications: A survey of internal medicine physicians' knowledge, attitudes and barriers. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 25(4), 291-297 (2010).
18. Schwarz EB, Santucci A, Borrero S, Akers AY, Nikolajski C, Gold MA. Perspectives of primary care clinicians on teratogenic risk counseling. Birth Defects Res. A. Clin. Mol. Teratol. 85(10), 858-863 (2009).
19. Schwarz EB, Lohr PA, Gold MA, Gerbert B. Prevalence and correlates of ambivalence towards pregnancy among nonpregnant women. Contraception 75(4), 305-310 (2007). (Pubitemid 46385924)
20. Behringer T, Rollman BL, Herbeck-Belnap B, Houck PR, Mazumdar S, Schwarz EB. Impact of physician counseling and perception of teratogenic risks: A survey of 96 nonpregnant women with anxiety. Prim. Care Companion CNS Disord. 13(2), pii:PCC.10m01028 (2010).
21. Walfisch A, Sermer C, Matok I, Einarson A, Koren G. Perception of teratogenic risk and the rated likelihood of pregnancy termination: Association with maternal depression. Can. J. Psychiatry 56(12), 761-767 (2011).
22. Kuriya B, Hernandez-Diaz S, Liu J, Bermas BL, Daniel G, Solomon DH. Patterns of medication use during pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken.) 63(5), 721-728 (2011).
23. Hatcher RA Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Stewart FH, Kowal D. Contraceptive Technology (9th Edition). Ardent Media Inc., NY, USA (2007).
24. Kavanaugh ML, Jerman J, Hubacher D, Kost K, Finer LB. Characteristics of women in the United States who use long-Acting reversible contraceptive methods. Obstet. Gynecol. 117(6), 1349-1357 (2011).
25. Rubin SE, Fletcher J, Stein T, Segall-Gutierrez P, Gold M. Determinants of intrauterine contraception provision among US family physicians: A national survey of knowledge, attitudes and practice. Contraception 83(5), 472-478 (2011).
26. Postlethwaite D, Shaber R, Mancuso V, Flores J, Armstrong MA. Intrauterine contraception: Evaluation of clinician practice patterns in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Contraception 75(3), 177-184 (2007). (Pubitemid 46217188)
27. Postlethwaite D, Trussell J, Zoolakis A, Shabear R, Petitti D. A comparison of contraceptive procurement pre- and post-benefit change. Contraception 76(5), 360-365 (2007). (Pubitemid 47610761)
28. Secura GM, Allsworth JE, Madden T, Mullersman JL, Peipert JF. The contraceptive CHOICE project: Reducing barriers to long-Acting reversible contraception. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 203(2), 115.e1-e7 (2010).
29. Gariepy AM, Simon EJ, Patel DA, Creinin MD, Schwarz EB. The impact of out-of-pocket expense on IUD utilization among women with private insurance. Contraception 84(6), E39-E42 (2011).
30. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: us medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. MMWR Recomm. Rep. 59(RR-4), 1-86 (2010).
31. Steinkellner A, Chen W, Denison SE. Adherence to oral contraception in women on category X medications. Am. J. Med. 123(10), 929-934.e1 (2010).
32. Foster DG, Raine TR, Brindis C, Rostovtseva DP, Darney PD. Should providers give women advance provision of emergency contraceptive pills? A cost-effectiveness analysis. Womens Health Issues 20(4), 242-247 (2010).
33. Goldkind SF, Sahin L, Gallauresi B. Enrolling pregnant women in research - lessons from the H1N1 influenza pandemic. N. Engl. J. Med. 362(24), 2241-2243 (2010).
34. Lisi A, Botto LD, Robert-Gnansia E et al. Surveillance of adverse fetal effects of medications (SAFE-Med): Findings from the international clearinghouse of birth defects surveillance and research. Reprod. Toxicol. 29(4), 433-442 (2010).
35. Schwarz E, Parisi SM, Williams SL, Shevchik GJRH. Promoting safe prescribing in primary care with a contraceptive vital sign: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. J. Gene. Int. Med. (2011) (In Press).
36. Schwarz E, Parisi SM, Handler SM et al. Clinical decision support to promote safe prescribing to women of reproductive-Age: A cluster-randomized trial. J. Gen. Intern. Med. doi:10.1007/s11606-012-1991-y (2012) (Epub ahead of print).
37. Committee on Preventive Services for Women, Institute of Medicine. Clinical Preventive Services for Women: CLOSING the Gaps. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA (2011).
38. The PIH Guide to Chronic Care Integration for Endemic Non-Communicable Diseases. Bukhman G, Kidder A (Eds). Partners in Health, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, MA, USA (2011).
39. Steinauer J, Larochelle F, Rowh M, Backus L, Sandahl Y, Foster A. First impressions: What are preclinical medical students in the US and Canada learning about sexual and reproductive health? Contraception 80(1), 74-80 (2009).
40. Proposed Rules. Fed. Reg. 73(104), 30832-30833 (2008).
41. El Marroun H, Jaddoe VW, Hudziak JJ et al. Maternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fetal growth, and risk of adverse birth outcomes. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry. 2011.2333 (2012) (Epub ahead of print).
42. Trussell J. Contraceptive efficacy. In: CONTRACEPTIVE Technology. 19th Revised Edition. Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Stewart FH, Kowal D (Eds). Ardent Media, NY, USA, 747-760 (2007).