Global estimation of evapotranspiration using a leaf area index-based surface energy and water balance model

Remote Sensing of Environment

Volumn 124, Issue , 2012, Pages 581-595

  Yan, H ^a   Wang, S Q ^b   Billesbach, D ^c   Oechel, W ^d   Zhang, J H ^e   Meyers, T ^f   Martin, T A ^g   Matamala, R ^h   Baldocchi, D ⁱ   Bohrer, G ^j   Dragoni, D ^k   Scott, R ^l  

^a NATIONAL SATELLITE METEOROLOGICAL CENTER   (China)

^b INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHIC SCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH   (China)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

^d SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e STATE KEY LABORATORY OF SEVERE WEATHER   (China)

^f NOAA Air Resources Laboratory Silver Spring   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^h ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^j Ohio State University   (United States)

^k INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^l SOUTHWEST WATERSHED RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Air relative humidity; Canopy transpiration; Eddy covariance; Evapotranspiration; Soil evaporation; Soil water balance model; Stomatal conductance

Indexed keywords

BIOPHYSICAL MODEL; CANOPY CONDUCTANCE; CARBON CYCLES; CLIMATE DATA; CLIMATE RESEARCH; COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATION; E-MODEL; EDDY COVARIANCE; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; ENERGY AND WATER BALANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS; GLOBAL ESTIMATE; GLOBAL ESTIMATION; HYDROLOGIC CYCLES; LEAF AREA; LEAF AREA INDEX; MODEL TREES; PENMAN-MONTEITH; ROOT MEAN SQUARE ERRORS; SOIL EVAPORATIONS; SOIL WATER; SOIL WATER BALANCE; SOIL WATER BALANCE MODEL; SOIL WETNESS; SPATIAL PATTERNS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SURFACE METEOROLOGICAL DATA; SURFACE RADIATION BUDGET; VEGETATION TYPE;

CLIMATE CHANGE; ESTIMATION; EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; GEOLOGIC MODELS; INTERFACIAL ENERGY; MEAN SQUARE ERROR; METEOROLOGY; PHASE TRANSITIONS; PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELS; REMOTE SENSING; SOIL MOISTURE; TRANSPIRATION; WATER SUPPLY;

CLIMATE MODELS;

AIR-SOIL INTERACTION; AVHRR; CANOPY EXCHANGE; CLIMATE CONDITIONS; CLIMATE EFFECT; EDDY COVARIANCE; EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE; LEAF AREA INDEX; NUMERICAL MODEL; RADIATION BUDGET; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; REMOTE SENSING; SOIL WATER; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SURFACE ENERGY; TRANSPIRATION; WATER BUDGET;

EID: 84863526380     PISSN: 00344257     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2012.06.004     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Alkama R., Decharme B., Douville H., Ribes A. Trends in global and basin-scale runoff over the late twentieth century: Methodological issues and sources of uncertainty. Journal of Climate 2011, 24:3000-3014.
2. Allen R.G. Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop water requirements 1998, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
3. Anderson M.C., Norman J.M., Mecikalski J.R., Otkin J.A., Kustas W.P. A climatological study of evapotranspiration and moisture stress across the continental United States based on thermal remote sensing: 1. Model formulation. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2007, 112:D10117.
4. Baldocchi D., Falge E., Gu L.H., Olson R., Hollinger D., Running S., et al. FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2001, 82:2415-2434.
5. Ball J., Woodrow L.E., Beny J.A. A model predicting stomatal conductance and its contribution to the control of photosynthesis under different environmental conditions. Progress in Photosynthesis research 1987, 221-224. Nijhoff, Dordrecht. J. Biggins (Ed.).
6. Bastiaanssen W.G.M., Pelgrum H., Wang J., Ma Y., Moreno J.F., Roerink G.J., et al. A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL). Journal of Hydrology 1998, 212-213. (Part 2: Validation), (213-229).
7. Batra N., Islam S., Venturini V., Bisht G., Jiang L. Estimation and comparison of evapotranspiration from MODIS and AVHRR sensors for clear sky days over the Southern Great Plains. Remote Sensing of Environment 2006, 103:1-15.
8. Bonan G.B. A land surface model (LSM version 1.0) for ecological, hydrological, and atmospheric studies: technical description and user's guide. NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-417+STR 1996, 150. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado.
9. Bouchet R.J. Evapotranspiration reelle et potentielle, signification climatique. International Association of Science and Hydrology 1963, 62:134-142.
10. Buermann W., Dong J., Zeng X., Myneni R.B., Dickinson R.E. Evaluation of the utility of satellite-based vegetation leaf area index data for climate simulations. Journal of Climate 2001, 14:3536-3550.
11. Chen J.Q., Davis K.J., Meyers T.P. Ecosystem-atmosphere carbon and water cycling in the upper Great Lakes Region. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2008, 148:155-157.
12. Chen D., Gao G., Xu C.-Y., Guo J., Ren G. Comparison of the Thornthwaite method and pan data with the standard Penman-Monteith estimates of reference evapotranspiration in China. Climate Research 2005, 28:123-132.
13. Chen J.M., Liu J., Cihlar J., Goulden M.L. Daily canopy photosynthesis model through temporal and spatial scaling for remote sensing applications. Ecological Modelling 1999, 124:99-119.
14. Clark K.L., Gholz H.L., Castro M.S. Carbon dynamics along a chronosequence of slash pine plantations in north Florida. Ecological Applications 2004, 14:1154-1171.
15. Cleugh H.A., Leuning R., Mu Q., Running S.W. Regional evaporation estimates from flux tower and MODIS satellite data. Remote Sensing of Environment 2007, 106:285-304.
16. Collatz G.J., Ball J.T., Grivet C., Berry J.A. Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration: A model that includes a laminar boundary layer. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 1991, 54:107-136.
17. Dai Y., Dickinson R.E., Wang Y.-P. A two-big-leaf model for canopy temperature, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance. Journal of Climate 2004, 17:2281-2299.
18. Dang Q.L., Margolis H.A., Coyea M.R., Sy M., Collatz G.J. Regulation of branch-level gas exchange of boreal trees: Roles of shoot water potential and vapor pressure difference. Tree Physiology 1997, 17:521-535.
19. Desai A.R., Noormets A., Bolstad P.V., Chen J.Q., Cook B.D., Davis K.J., et al. Influence of vegetation and seasonal forcing on carbon dioxide fluxes across the Upper Midwest, USA: Implications for regional scaling. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2008, 148:288-308.
20. Dirmeyer P.A., Gao X., Zhao M., Guo Z., Oki T., Hanasaki N. GSWP-2: Multimodel analysis and implications for our perception of the land surface. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2006, 87:1381-1397.
21. Dragoni D., Schmid H.P., Grimmond C.S.B., Loescher H.W. Uncertainty of annual net ecosystem productivity estimated using eddy covariance flux measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2007, 112:D17102. (17110.11029/12006jd008149).
22. Falk M., Wharton S., Schroeder M., Ustin S. and U.K.T.P. Flux partitioning in an old-growth forest: Seasonal and interannual dynamics. Tree Physiology 2008, 28:509-520.
23. Fisher J.B., Tu K.P., Baldocchi D.D. Global estimates of the land-atmosphere water flux based on monthly AVHRR and ISLSCP-II data, validated at 16 FLUXNET sites. Remote Sensing of Environment 2008, 112:901-919.
24. Grant R.F., Arkebauer T.J., Dobermann A., Hubbard K.G., Schimelfenig T.T., Suyker A.E., et al. Net biome productivity of irrigated and rainfed maize-soybean rotations: Modeling vs. measurements. Agronomy Journal 2007, 99:1404-1423.
25. Gupta S.K., Darnell W.L., Wilber A.C. A parameterization for longwave surface radiation from satellite data: Recent improvements. Journal of Applied Meteorology 1992, 31:1361-1367.
26. Gupta S.K., Kratz D.P., Stackhouse P.W., Wilber A.C. The Langley Parameterized Shortwave Algorithm (LPSA) for Surface Radiation Budget Studies. NASA/TP-2001-211272 2001, [31 pp.].
27. Hall F.G., Brown de Colstoun E., Collatz G.J., Landis D., Dirmeyer P., Betts A., et al. ISLSCP Initiative II global data sets: Surface boundary conditions and atmospheric forcings for land-atmosphere studies. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2006, 111:D22S01.
28. Halliwell D.H., Rouse W.R. Soil heat flux in permafrost: Characteristics and accuracy of measurement. Journal of Climatology 1987, 7:571-584.
29. Harazono Y., Mano M., Miyata A., Zulueta R.C., Oechel W.C. Inter-annual carbon dioxide uptake of a wet sedge tundra ecosystem in the Arctic. Tellus Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 2003, 55:215-231.
30. Heitman J.L., Horton R., Sauer T.J., Ren T.S., Xiao X. Latent heat in soil heat flux measurements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2010, 150:1147-1153.
31. Huntington T.G. Evidence for intensification of the global water cycle: Review and synthesis. Journal of Hydrology 2006, 319:83-95.
32. Impens I., Lemeur R. Extinction of net radiation in different crop canopies. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 1969, 17:403-412.
33. Irvine J., Law B.E., Hibbard K.A. Postfire carbon pools and fluxes in semiarid ponderosa pine in Central Oregon. Global Change Biology 2007, 13:1748-1760.
34. Jarvis P.G. Interpretation of variations in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance found in canopies in field. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 1976, 273:593-610.
35. Jung M., Reichstein M., Ciais P., Seneviratne S.I., Sheffield J., Goulden M.L., et al. Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply. Nature 2010, 467:951-954.
36. Kakane V. Soil heat flux-net radiation relations for some surfaces. West African Journal of Applied Ecology 2004, 5:21-29.
37. Kelliher F.M., Leuning R., Raupach M.R., Schulze E.D. Maximum conductances for evaporation from global vegetation types. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 1995, 73:1-16.
38. Kistler R., Kalnay E., Collins W., Saha S., White G., Woollen J., et al. The NCEPNCAR 50year reanalysis: Monthly means CDROM and documentation. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2001, 82:247-267.
39. Körner C.H. Leaf diffusive conductances in the major vegetation types of the globe. Ecol Studies 1994, 100:463-490. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. E.D. Schulze, M.M. Caldwell (Eds.).
40. Kustas W.P., Norman J.M. Evaluation of soil and vegetation heat flux predictions using a simple two-source model with radiometric temperatures for partial canopy cover. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 1999, 94:13-29.
41. Labat D., Goddéris Y., Probst J.L., Guyot J.L. Evidence for global runoff increase related to climate warming. Advances in Water Resources 2004, 27:631-642.
42. Landsberg J.J., Waring R.H. A generalised model of forest productivity using simplified concepts of radiation-use efficiency, carbon balance and partitioning. Forest Ecology and Management 1997, 95:209-228.
43. Leuning R. A critical-appraisal of a combined stomatal-photosynthesis model for C-3 plants. Plant, Cell & Environment 1995, 18:339-355.
44. Leuning R., Zhang Y.Q., Rajaud A., Cleugh H., Tu K. A simple surface conductance model to estimate regional evaporation using MODIS leaf area index and the Penman-Monteith equation. Water Resources Research 2008, 44:W10419.
45. Los S.O., Pollack N.H., Parris M.T., Collatz G.J., Tucker C.J., Sellers P.J., et al. A global 9-yr biophysical land surface dataset from NOAA AVHRR data. Journal of Hydrometeorology 2000, 1:183-199.
46. Ma S.Y., Baldocchi D.D., Xu L.K., Hehn T. Inter-annual variability in carbon dioxide exchange of an oak/grass savanna and open grassland in California. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2007, 147:157-171.
47. Malmström C.M., Thompson M.V., Juday G.P., Los S.O., Randerson J.T., Field C.B. Interannual variation in global-scale net primary production: Testing model estimates. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 1997, 11:367-392.
48. Meulen M.W.J., Klaassen W. Soil heat flux measurements in an open forest. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 1996, 21:101-105.
49. Moffat A.M., Papale D., Reichstein M., Hollinger D.Y., Richardson A.D., Barr A.G., et al. Comprehensive comparison of gap-filling techniques for eddy covariance net carbon fluxes. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2007, 147:209-232.
50. Monteith J.L. Evaporation and the environment. Symposia of the Society for Experiment Biology 1965, 19:205-234.
51. Monteith, J.L., & Unsworth, M.H. (1990). Principles of environmental physics. (2nd ed.). London; New York: E. Arnold; Distributed in the USA by Routledge, Chapman and Hall.
52. Moran M.S., Clarke T.R., Kustas W.P., Weltz M., Amer S.A. Evaluation of hydrologic parameters in a semiarid rangeland using remotely sensed spectral data. Water Resources Research 1994, 30:1287-1297.
53. Mu Q., Heinsch F.A., Zhao M., Running S.W. Development of a global evapotranspiration algorithm based on MODIS and global meteorology data. Remote Sensing of Environment 2007, 111:519-536.
54. Mu Q., Zhao M., Running S.W. Improvements to a MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm. Remote Sensing of Environment 2011, 115:1781-1800.
55. Myneni R.B., Hoffman S., Knyazikhin Y., Privette J.L., Glassy J., Tian Y., et al. Global products of vegetation leaf area and fraction absorbed PAR from year one of MODIS data. Remote Sensing of Environment 2002, 83:214-231.
56. Nagler P.L., Cleverly J., Glenn E., Lampkin D., Huete A., Wan Z. Predicting riparian evapotranspiration from MODIS vegetation indices and meteorological data. Remote Sensing of Environment 2005, 94:17-30.
57. Nave L.E., Gough C.M., Maurer K.D., Bohrer G., Hardiman B., Le Moine J., et al. Disturbance and the resilience of coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling in a north temperate forest. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences 2011, 116:G04016.
58. Neal A.L., Gupta H.V., Kurc S.A., Brooks P.D. Modeling moisture fluxes using artificial neural networks: Can information extraction overcome data loss?. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2011, 15:359-368.
59. Nemani R.R., Running S.W. Estimation of regional surface resistance to evapotranspiration from NDVI and thermal-IR AVHRR data. Journal of Applied Meteorology 1989, 28:276-284.
60. New M., Hulme M., Jones P.D. Representing twentieth century space-time climate variability. Part 1: development of a 1961-90 mean monthly terrestrial climatology. Journal of Climate 1999, 12:829-856.
61. New M., Hulme M., Jones P. Representing twentieth-century space-time climate variability. Part II: development of 1901-96 monthly grids of terrestrial surface climate. Journal of Climate 2000, 13:2217-2238.
62. Nishida K., Nemani R.R., Running S.W., Glassy J.M. An operational remote sensing algorithm of land surface evaporation. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2003, 108:4270.
63. Niyogi D.S., Raman S. Comparison of four different stomatal resistance schemes using FIFE observations. Journal of Applied Meteorology 1997, 36:903-917.
64. Noilhan J., Planton S. A simple parameterization of land surface processes for meteorological models. Monthly Weather Review 1989, 117:536-549.
65. Norman J.M., Kustas W.P., Humes K.S. Source approach for estimating soil and vegetation energy fluxes in observations of directional radiometric surface temperature. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 1995, 77:263-293.
66. Oki T., Kanae S. Global hydrological cycles and world water resources. Science 2006, 313:1068-1072.
67. Papale D., Valentini R. A new assessment of European forests carbon exchanges by eddy fluxes and artificial neural network spatialization. Global Change Biology 2003, 9:525-535.
68. Paw U.K.T., Baldocchi D.D., Meyers T.P., Wilson K.B. Correction of eddy-covariance measurements incorporating both advective effects and density fluxes. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 2000, 97:487-511.
69. Priestley C.H., Taylor R.J. Assessment of surface heat-flux and evaporation using large-scale parameters. Monthly Weather Review 1972, 100:81-92.
70. Reichstein M., Falge E., Baldocchi D., Papale D., Aubinet M., Berbigier P., et al. On the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and ecosystem respiration: Review and improved algorithm. Global Change Biology 2005, 11:1424-1439.
71. Ryu Y., Baldocchi D.D., Ma S., Hehn T. Interannual variability of evapotranspiration and energy exchange over an annual grassland in California. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2008, 113:D09104. (09110.01029/02007jd009263).
72. Ryu Y., Baldocchi D., Black T.A., Detto M., Law B.E., Leuning R., et al. On the temporal upscaling of evapotranspiration from instantaneous remote sensing measurements to 8-day mean daily-sums. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2012, 152:212-222.
73. Saugier B., Katerji N. Some plant factors controlling evapotranspiration. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 1991, 54:263-277.
74. Saxton K.E., Rawls W.J., Romberger J.S., Papendick R.I. Estimating generalized soil-water characteristics from texture. Soil Science Society of America Journal 1986, 50:1031-1036.
75. Scott R.L., Jenerette G.D., Potts D.L., Huxman T.E. Effects of seasonal drought on net carbon dioxide exchange from a woody-plant-encroached semiarid grassland. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2009, 114:G04004.
76. Sellers P.J., Randall D.A., Collatz G.J., Berry J.A., Field C.B., Dazlich D.A., et al. A revised land surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMS. Part I: Model formulation. Journal of Climate 1996, 9:676-705.
77. Sellers P.J., Shuttleworth W.J., Dorman J.L., Dalcher A., Roberts J.M. Calibrating the simple biosphere model for Amazonian tropical forest using field and remote sensing data. Part I: Average calibration with field data. Journal of Applied Meteorology 1989, 28:727-759.
78. Sheffield J., Wood E.F., Munoz-Arriola F. Long-term regional estimates of evapotranspiration for Mexico based on downscaled ISCCP data. Journal of Hydrometeorology 2010, 11:253-275.
79. Sheridan P.J., Delene D.J., Ogren J.A. Four years of continuous surface aerosol measurements from the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed site. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2001, 106:20735-20747.
80. Shugart H.H. Terrestrial ecosystems in changing environments 1998, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; New York.
81. Shuttleworth W.J., Wallace J.S. Evaporation from sparse crops-An energy combination theory. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 1985, 111:839-855.
82. Stewart J.B. Modelling surface conductance of pine forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 1988, 43:19-35.
83. Stewart J.B., Gay L.W. Preliminary modelling of transpiration from the FIFE site in Kansas. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 1989, 48:305-315.
84. Su Z. The Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) for estimation of turbulent heat fluxes. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2002, 6:85-100.
85. Suyker A.E., Verma S.B. Interannual water vapor and energy exchange in an irrigated maize-based agroecosystem. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2008, 148:417-427.
86. Suzuki R., Masuda K., Dye G., D. Interannual covariability between actual evapotranspiration and PAL and GIMMS NDVIs of northern Asia. Remote Sensing of Environment 2007, 106:387-398.
87. Thomas C.K., Law B.E., Irvine J., Martin J.G., Pettijohn J.C., Davis K.J. Seasonal hydrology explains interannual and seasonal variation in carbon and water exchange in a semiarid mature ponderosa pine forest in central Oregon. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2009, 114:G04006.
88. Thornthwaite C.W., Mather J.R. The water balance. In, Publications in climatology 1955, 104. Drexel Institute of Technology, New Jersey.
89. Trenberth K.E., Fasullo J.T., Kiehl J. Earth's Global Energy Budget. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2009, 90:311-323.
90. Twine T.E., Kustas W.P., Norman J.M., Cook D.R., Houser P.R., Meyers T.P., et al. Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2000, 103:279-300.
91. Vinukollu R.K., Wood E.F., Ferguson C.R., Fisher J.B. Global estimates of evapotranspiration for climate studies using multi-sensor remote sensing data: Evaluation of three process-based approaches. Remote Sensing of Environment 2011, 115:801-823.
92. Wang K.C., Liang S.L. An improved method for estimating global evapotranspiration based on satellite determination of surface net radiation, vegetation index, temperature, and soil moisture. Journal of Hydrometeorology 2008, 9:712-727.
93. Wang K., Wang P., Li Z., Sparrow M., Cribb M. A simple method to estimate evapotranspiration from a combination of net radiation, vegetation indices and temperatures. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:D15107. 10.1029/2006JD008351.
94. Wang S.S., Yang Y., Trishchenko A.P., Barr A.G., Black T.A., McCaughey H. Modeling the response of canopy stomatal conductance to humidity. Journal of Hydrometeorology 2009, 10:521-532.
95. Wild M., Grieser J., Schär C. Combined surface solar brightening and increasing greenhouse effect support recent intensification of the global land-based hydrological cycle. Geophysical Research Letters 2008, 35:L17706.
96. Wilson K., Goldstein A., Falge E., Aubinet M., Baldocchi D., Berbigier P., et al. Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2002, 113:223-243.
97. Xiao J., Zhuang Q., Baldocchi D.D., Law B.E., Richardson A.D., Chen J., et al. Estimation of net ecosystem carbon exchange for the conterminous United States by combining MODIS and AmeriFlux data. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2008, 148:1827-1847.
98. Yan H., Shugart H.H. An air relative-humidity-based evapotranspiration model from eddy covariance data. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2010, 115:D16106.
99. Yu G.R., Nakayama K., Lu H.Q. Modelling stomatal conductance in maize leaves with environmental variable (in Japanese with English summary). Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 1996, 52:324-330.
100. Yuan W., Liu S., Yu G., Bonnefond J.M., Chen J., Davis K., et al. Global estimates of evapotranspiration and gross primary production based on MODIS and global meteorology data. Remote Sensing of Environment 2010, 14:1416-1431.
101. Zhang Y.Q., Chiew F.H.S., Zhang L., Leuning R., Cleugh H.A. Estimating catchment evaporation and runoff using MODIS leaf area index and the Penman-Monteith equation. Water Resources Research 2008, 44:W10420.
102. Zhang K., Kimball J.S., Nemani R.R., Running S.W. A continuous satellite-derived global record of land surface evapotranspiration from 1983 to 2006. Water Resources Research 2010, 46:W09522.
103. Zhang Y., Leuning R., Chiew F.H.S., Wang E., Zhang L., Liu C., et al. Decadal trends in evaporation from global energy and water balances. Journal of Hydrometeorology 2011, 13:379-391.
104. Zhang Y., Leuning R., Hutley L.B., Beringer J., McHugh I., Walker J.P. Using long-term water balances to parameterize surface conductances and calculate evaporation at 0.05° spatial resolution. Water Resources Research 2010, 46:W05512.
105. Zhao M., Heinsch F.A., Nemani R.R., Running S.W. Improvements of the MODIS terrestrial gross and net primary production global data set. Remote Sensing of Environment 2005, 95:164-176.