Growth and mortality of balsam fir- and spruce-tolerant hardwood stands as influenced by stand characteristics and spruce budworm defoliation

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 280, Issue , 2012, Pages 82-92

  Colford Gilks, Amanda K ^a   MacLean, David A ^a   Kershaw, John A ^a   Béland, Martin ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE MONCTON   (Canada)

Author keywords

Basal area; Mixedwood stands; Multivariate regression tree; Periodic annual increment; Spruce budworm defoliation; Survivor growth

Indexed keywords

BASAL AREA; MIXEDWOOD STANDS; MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION TREES; PERIODIC ANNUAL INCREMENT; SPRUCE BUDWORM;

HARDWOODS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

FORESTRY;

BASAL AREA; CONIFEROUS FOREST; DEFOLIATION; GROWTH RATE; INSECT; INSECTICIDE; MORTALITY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PERIODICITY; PEST OUTBREAK; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; STAND STRUCTURE; SURVIVAL;

DEFOLIATION; FORESTRY; HARDWOODS; PICEA; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; TREES;

CANADA; NEW BRUNSWICK;

ABIES; ABIES BALSAMEA; CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA; PICEA;

EID: 84863501220     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.05.023     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Amos-Binks L.J., MacLean D.A., Wilson J.S., Wagner R.G. Temporal changes in species composition of mixedwood stands in northwest New Brunswick: 1946-2008. Can. J. For. Res. 2010, 40:1-12.
2. Bakuzis E.V., Hansen H.L. Balsam Fir Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller: A Monographic Review 1965, The University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minn.
3. Bergeron Y., Leduc A., Morin H., Joyal C. Balsam fir mortality following the last spruce budworm outbreak in northwestern Quebec. Can. J. For. Res. 1995, 25:1375-1384.
4. Blais J.R. Mortality of balsam fir and white spruce following a spruce budworm outbreak in the Ottawa River watershed in Quebec. Can. J. For. Res. 1981, 11:620-629.
5. Bouchard M., Kneeshaw D., Bergeron Y. Mortality and stand renewal patterns following the last spruce budworm outbreak in mixed forests of western Quebec. For. Ecol. Manage. 2005, 204:297-313.
6. Bouchard M., Kneeshaw D., Bergeron Y. Forest dynamics after successive spruce budworm outbreaks in mixedwood forests. Ecology 2006, 87:2319-2329.
7. Campbell E.M., MacLean D.A., Bergeron Y. The severity of budworm-caused growth reductions in balsam fir/spruce stands varies with the hardwood content of surrounding forest landscapes. For. Sci. 2008, 54:195-205.
8. Cappuccino N., Lavertu D., Bergeron Y., Régnière J. Spruce budworm impact, abundance and parasitism rate in a patchy landscape. Oecologia 1998, 114:236-242.
9. Carter, N.E., Lavigne, D.R., 1993. Protection Spraying against Spruce Budworm in New Brunswick 1992. New Brunswick Dept. of Natural Resources and Energy, Fredericton, NB.
10. Croome G.C.R. A trial of selection management in a mature fir-spruce-birch forest. For. Chron. 1970, 46:317-321.
11. De'ath G. Multivariate regression trees: a new technique for modeling species-environmental relationships. Ecology 2002, 83:1105-1117.
12. Erdle T.A., MacLean D.A. Stand growth model calibration for use in forest pest impact assessment. For. Chron. 1999, 75:141-152.
13. Erdle T.A., Pollard J. Are plantations changing the tree species composition of New Brunswick's forest?. For. Chron. 2002, 78:812-821.
14. Garber S.M., Monserud R.A., Maguire D.M. Crown recession patterns in three conifer species of the northern Rocky Mountains. For. Sci. 2008, 54:633-646.
15. Hajjem, A., Bellavance, F., Larocque, D., 2010. Generalized Mixed Effects Regression Trees. Les Cahiers du GERAD G-2010-39. Groupe d'études et de recherche en analyse des decisions. Montreal, PQ, Canada. (accessed 19.02.12). http://www.gerad.ca/fichiers/cahiers/G-2010-39.pdf.
16. Harper K., Boudreault C., DeGranpre L., Drapeau P., Gauthier S., Bergeron Y. Structure, composition, and diversity of old-growth black spruce forest of the Clay Belt region in Quebec and Ontario. Environ. Rev. 2003, 11:S79-S98.
17. Hennigar C.R., MacLean D.A., Quiring D.T., Kershaw J.A. Differences in spruce budworm defoliation among balsam fir and white, red and black spruce. For. Sci. 2008, 54:158-166.
18. Kemp W.P., Simmons G.A. Influence of stand factors on survival of early instar spruce budworm. Environ. Entomol. 1979, 8:993-996.
19. Kuhn M. Building predictive models in R using the caret package. J. Stat. Softw. 2008, 28:1-26.
20. Larsen D.R., Speckman P.L. Multivariate regression trees for analysis of abundance data. Biometrics 2004, 60:543-549.
21. MacLean D.A. Vulnerability of fir-spruce stands during uncontrolled spruce budworm outbreaks: a review and discussion. For. Chron. 1980, 56:213-221.
22. MacLean D.A., Andersen A.R. Impact of a spruce budworm outbreak in balsam fir and subsequent stand development over a 40-year period. For. Chron. 2008, 84:60-69.
23. MacLean D.A., MacKinnon W.E. Accuracy of aerial sketch-mapping estimates of spruce budworm defoliation in New Brunswick. Can. J. For. Res. 1996, 26:2099-2108.
24. MacLean D.A., Kline A.W., Lavigne D.R. Effectiveness of spruce budworm spraying in New Brunswick in protecting the spruce component of spruce fir stands. Can. J. For. Res. 1984, 14:163-176.
25. Murphy P.N.C., Ogilvie J., Arp P. Topographic modelling of soil moisture conditions: a comparison and verification of two models. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 2009, 60:94-109.
26. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy (NBDNRE), 1996. An Ecological Land Classification System for New Brunswick. The Ecosystem Classification Working Group, New Brunswick Dept. Natural Resources and Energy, Fredericton, NB, pp. 1-11.
27. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy (NBDNRE), 2003. Our Landscape Heritage: The Story of Ecological Land Classification in New Brunswick. The Ecosystem Classification Working Group, New Brunswick Dept. Natural Resources and Energy, Fredericton, NB.
28. Needham T., Kershaw J.A., MacLean D.A., Su Q. Effects of mixed stand management to reduce impacts of spruce budworm defoliation on balsam fir stand-level growth and yield. North. J. Appl. For. 1999, 16:19-24.
29. Ostaff D.P., MacLean D.A. Spruce budworm populations, defoliation, and changes in stand condition during an uncontrolled spruce budworm outbreak on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Can J. For. Res. 1989, 19:1077-1086.
30. Porter, K.B., MacLean, D.A., Beaton, K.P., Upshall, J., 2001. New Brunswick Permanent Sample Plot Database: User's Guide and Analysis. Can. For. Serv., Fredericton, NB. Inf. Rep. M-X-209.
31. R Development Core Team, 2009. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
32. Ridgeway, G., 2007. Generalized Boosted Models: A Guide to the gbm Package. (accessed 04.03.11). http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gbm/vignettes/gbm.pdf.
33. Rowe, J.S., 1972. Forest Regions of Canada. Can. For. Serv., Ottawa, ON. Publ. No. 1300.
34. Royama T. Population dynamics of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. Ecol. Monogr. 1984, 54:429-462.
35. Royama T., MacKinnon W.E., Kettela E.G., Carter N.E., Hartling L.K. Analysis of spruce budworm outbreak cycles in New Brunswick, Canada, since 1952. Ecology 2005, 86:1212-1224.
36. Su Q., MacLean D.A., Needham T.D. The influence of hardwood content on balsam fir defoliation by spruce budworm. Can. J. For. Res. 1996, 26:1620-1628.
37. Taylor S.L., MacLean D.A. Rate and causes of decline of mature and overmature balsam fir and spruce stands in New Brunswick. Can. J. For. Res. 2005, 35:2479-2490.
38. Taylor S.L., MacLean D.A. Legacy of insect defoliators: increased wind-related mortality two decades after a spruce budworm outbreak. For. Sci. 2009, 55:256-267.
39. Turner, K.B., 1952. The relation of mortality of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., caused by the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), to Forest Composition in the Algoma Forest of Ontario, Canada. Dep. Agric. Ottawa, ON, 106 p.
40. Van Raalte G.D. Do I have a budworm-susceptible forest?. For. Chron. 1972, 51:146-149.
41. Varty, I.W., Godin, M.E., 1983. Identification of Some of the Factors Controlling Aerial Spray Efficacy. Can. For. Serv., Marit. For. Res. Cent., Fredericton, NB. Inf. Rep. M-X-142, 29p.
42. Wang, E., Erdle, T., Litchfield, M., Brackley, A., 1986. A Proposal for a Growth and Yield Program in New Brunswick. Forest Research Advisory Committee, Fredericton, NB.