Quantitative assessment of diurnal variation of tropical convection simulated by a global nonhydrostatic model without cumulus parameterization

Journal of Climate

Volumn 25, Issue 14, 2012, Pages 5119-5134

  Noda, Akira T ^a   Oouchi, Kazuyoshi ^a   Satoh, Masaki ^a,b   Tomita, Hirofumi ^c  

^a JAPAN AGENCY FOR MARINE EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^c RIKEN   (Japan)

Author keywords

Climate models; Clouds; Diurnal effects; Model evaluation performance; Model output statistics; Nonhydrostatic models

Indexed keywords

CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; DEEP CONVECTION; DIURNAL EFFECTS; DIURNAL VARIATION; HEAT TRANSPORT; HORIZONTAL GRID; LOCAL TIME; MODEL EVALUATION; MODEL OUTPUT STATISTICS; NONHYDROSTATIC MODEL; PHASE DELAY; PRECIPITATION AREAS; QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENTS; SURFACE PRECIPITATION; THERMODYNAMIC FIELDS; THREE-DIMENSIONAL DATA; TROPICAL CONVECTION; VERTICAL STRUCTURES;

CLIMATE MODELS; CLOUDS; TROPICS;

COMPUTER SIMULATION;

ASSESSMENT METHOD; ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; CLIMATE MODELING; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; CUMULUS; DIURNAL VARIATION; MASS TRANSPORT; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING; TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT;

EID: 84863493062     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00295.1     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Adler, R. F., and Coauthors, 2003: The Version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present). J. Hydrometeor., 4, 1147-1167.
2. Bretherton, C. S., and S. Park, 2009: A new moist turbulence parameterization in the Community Atmosphere Model. J. Climate, 22, 3422-3448.
3. Bretherton, C. S., J. R. McCaa, and H. Grenier, 2004: A new parameterization for shallow cumulus convection and its application to marine subtropical cloud-topped boundary layers. Part I: Description and 1D results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 864-882.
4. Brier, G. W., and J. Simpson, 1969: Tropical cloudiness and rainfall related to pressure and tidal variations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 95, 120-147.
5. Bryan, G., J. C. Wyngaard, and J. M. Fritsch, 2003: Resolution requirements for the simulation of deep moist convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2394-2416.
6. Chen, S. S., and R. A. Houze Jr., 1997: Diurnal variation and lifecycle of deep convective systems over the tropical Pacific warm pool. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 357-388.
7. Chepfer, H., S. Bony, D. Winker, G. Cesana, J. L. Dufresne, P. Minnis, C. J. Stubenrauch, and S. Zeng, 2010: The GCMOriented CALIPSO Cloud Product (CALIPSO-GOCCP). J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00H16, doi:10.1029/2009JD012251.
8. Donner, L. J., C. J. Seman, and R. S. Hemer, 1999: Three-dimensional cloud-system modeling of GATE convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1885-1912.
9. Donner, L. J., and Coauthors, 2011: The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3. J. Climate, 24, 3484-3519.
10. Gent, P. R., and Coauthors, 2011: The Community Climate System Model version 4. J. Climate, 24, 4973-4991.
11. Grabowski, W. W., X.Wu, M. W. Moncrieff, and W. D. Hall, 1998: Cloud-resolving modeling of tropical cloud systems during phase III of GATE. Part II: Effects of resolution and the third spatial dimension. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3264-3282.
12. Grabowski, W. W., and Coauthors, 2006: Daytime convective development over land: A model intercomparison based on LBA observations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 132, 317-344.
13. Hara, M., T. Yoshikane, H. G. Takahashi, F. Kimura, A. Noda, and T. Tokioka, 2009: Assessment of the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the Maritime Continent simulated by a 20 kmmesh GCM using TRMM PR data. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 87, 413-424.
14. Houze, R. A., 1989: Observed structure of mesoscale convective systems and implementations for large-scale heating. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 115, 425-461.
15. Houze, R. A., Jr., S. G. Geotis, F. D. Marks Jr., and A. K. West, 1981: Winter monsoon convection in the vicinity of north Borneo. Part I: Structure and time variation of the clouds and precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 1595-1614.
16. Inoue, T., M. Satoh, H. Miura, and B. Mapes, 2008: Characteristics of cloud size of deep convection simulated by a global cloud resolving model over the western tropical Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 86, 1-15.
17. Kikuchi, K., and B. Wang, 2008: Diurnal precipitation regimes in the global tropics. J. Climate, 21, 2680-2696.
18. Lee, M.-I., S. D. Schubert, M. J. Suarez, T. L. Bell, and K.-M. Kim, 2007: Diurnal cycle of precipitation in the NASA Seasonal to Interannual Prediction Project atmospheric general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D16111, doi:10.1029/ 2006JD008346.
19. Mapes, B. E., and R. A. Houze Jr., 1993: Cloud clusters and superclusters over the oceanic warm pool. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1398-1414.
20. McBride, J. L., and W. M. Gray, 1980: Mass divergence in tropical weather systems. Part I: Diurnal variation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 501-516.
21. McGarry, M. M., and R. J. Reed, 1978: Diurnal variations in convective activity and precipitation during phases II and III of GATE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 101-113.
22. Miura, H., M. Satoh, T. Nasuno, A. T. Noda, and K. Oouchi, 2007: A Madden-Julian oscillation event realistically simulated by a global cloud-resolving model. Science, 318, 1763-1765, doi:10.1126/science.1148443.
23. Miura, H., M. Satoh, and M. Katsumata, 2009: Spontaneous onset a Madden-Julian oscillation event in a cloud-system-resolving simulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13802, doi:10.1029/ 2009GL039056.
24. Nakanishi, M., and H. Niino, 2006: An improved Mellor-Yamada level-3 model: Its numerical stability and application to a regional prediction of advection fog. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 119, 397-407.
25. Nakanishi, M., and H. Niino, 2009: Development of an improved turbulence closure model for the atmospheric boundary layer. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 87, 895-912.
26. Nitta, T., and S. Sekine, 1994: Diurnal variation of convective activity over the tropical western Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 72, 627-641.
27. Noda, A. T., and H. Niino, 2003: Critical grid size for simulating convective storms: A case study of the Del City supercell storm. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1844, doi:10.1029/2003GL017498.
28. Noda, A. T., K. Oouchi, M. Satoh, H. Tomita, S.-I. Iga, and Y. Tsushima, 2010: Importance of the subgrid-scale turbulent moist process: Cloud distribution in global cloud-resolving simulations. Atmos. Res., 96, 208-217.
29. Oouchi, K., A. T. Noda, M. Satoh, H. Miura, H. Tomita, T. Nasuno, and S. Iga, 2009a: A simulated preconditioning of typhoon genesis controlled by a boreal summer Madden-Julian oscillation event in a global cloud-resolving model. SOLA, 5, 65-68.
30. Oouchi, K., A. T. Noda, M. Satoh, B. Wang, S.-P. Xie, H. G. Takahashi, and T. Yasunari, 2009b: Asian summer monsoon simulated by a global cloud-system-resolving model: Diurnal to intra-seasonal variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L11815, doi:10.1029/2009 GL038271.
31. Pauluis, O., and S. Garner, 2006: Sensitivity of radiative-convective equilibrium simulations to horizontal resolution. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1910-1923.
32. Petch, J. C., 2006: Sensitivity studies of developing convection in a cloud-resolving model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 132, 345-358.
33. Randall, D. A., Harshvardhan, and D. A. Dazlich, 1991: Diurnal variability of the hydrological cycle in a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 40-62.
34. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimal interpolation. J. Climate, 7, 929-948.
35. Riddaway, B., 2010: Horizontal resolution upgrade. ECMWF Newsletter, No. 123, ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom, 6.
36. Sato, T., H. Miura, M. Satoh, Y. N. Takayabu, and Y. Wang, 2009: Diurnal cycle of precipitation in the tropics simulated in a global cloud-resolving model. J. Climate, 22, 4809-4826.
37. Satoh, M., T. Matsuno, H. Tomita, H. Miura, T. Nasuno, and S. Iga, 2008: Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral AtmosphericModel (NICAM) for global cloud-resolving simulations. J. Comput. Phys., 227, 3486-3514.
38. Sui, C.-H., K.-M. Lau, Y. N. Takayabu, and D. A. Short, 1997: Diurnal variations in tropical oceanic cumulus convection during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 639-655.
39. Takayabu, Y. N., and M. Kimoto, 2008: Diurnal march of rainfall simulated in a T106 AGCM and dependence on cumulus schemes. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 86, 163-173.
40. Tomita, H., and M. Satoh, 2004: A new dynamical framework of nonhydrostatic global model using the icosahedral grid. Fluid Dyn. Res., 34, 357-400.
41. Tomita, H., H. Miura, S. Iga, T. Nasuno, and M. Satoh, 2005: A global cloud-resolving simulation: Preliminary results from an aqua planet experiment. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L08805, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL022459.
42. Wang, Y., L. Zhou, and K. Hamilton, 2007: Effect of convective entrainment/detrainment on the simulation of the tropical precipitation diurnal cycle. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 567-585.
43. Wu, X., X.-Z. Liang, and S. Park, 2007: Cloud-resolving model simulations over the ARM SGP. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2841-2853.
44. Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1996: Explicit simulation of cumulus ensembles with the GATE phase III data: Comparison with observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3710-3736.
45. Yamada, Y., K. Oouchi, M. Satoh, H. Tomita, and W. Yanase, 2010: Projection of changes in tropical cyclone activity and cloud height due to greenhouse warming: Global cloudsystem-resolving approach. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L07709, doi:10.1029/2010/GL042518.
46. Yanase, W., M. Satoh, H. Yamada, K. Yasunaga, and Q. Moteki, 2010: Continental influences of tropical waves on the genesis and rapid intensification of Typhoon Durian (2006). Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L08809, doi:10.1029/2010/GL042516.
47. Yang, G.-Y., and J. Slingo, 2001: The diurnal cycle in the tropics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 784-801.