Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials and furniture volatile organic compounds emission labeling systems: A review

Chinese Science Bulletin

Volumn 57, Issue 20, 2012, Pages 2533-2543

  Liu, Wei Wei ^a   Zhang, Yin Ping ^a   Yao, Yuan ^a   Li, Jing Guang ^b  

^a TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b Shanghai Research Institute of Building Science (Group) Co Ltd   (China)

Author keywords

decorating and refurbishing materials; emission; formaldehyde; furniture; indoor air quality (IAQ); labeling; volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Indexed keywords

EID: 84863460098     PISSN: 10016538     EISSN: 18619541     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5208-x     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Chan C S, Lee S C, Chan W, et al. Characterisation of volatile organic compounds at hotels in southern China. Indoor Built Environ, 2011, 20: 420.
2. Guo H, Kwok N H, Cheng H R, et al. Formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds in Hong Kong homes: Concentrations and impact factors. Indoor Air, 2009, 19: 206-217.
3. Brown S K. Volatile organic pollutants in new and established buildings in Melbourne, Australia. Indoor Air, 2002, 12: 55-63.
4. Yu C W F, Kim J T. Building pathology, investigation of sick buildings - VOC emissions. Indoor Built Environ, 2010, 19: 30-39.
5. Lim S, Lee K, Seo S, et al. Impact of regulation on indoor volatile organic compounds in new unoccupied apartment in Korea. Atmos Environ, 2011, 45: 1994-2000.
6. Zhang L P, Steinmaus C, Eastmond D A, et al. Formaldehyde exposure and leukemia: A new meta-analysis and potential mechanisms. Mutat Res, 2009, 681: 150-168.
7. Adamkiewicz G, Choi H, Saborit J M D. WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: Selected pollutants. Technical Report, WHO regional office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2010. 15-39.
8. Reitzig M, Mohr S, Heinzow B, et al. VOC emissions after building renovations: Traditional and less common indoor air contaminants, potential sources, and reported health complaints. Indoor Air-Int J Indoor Air Qual Clim, 1998, 8: 91-102.
9. Brinke T J, Selvin S, Hodgson A T, et al. Development of new volatile organic compound (VOC) exposure metrics and their relationship to "sick building syndrome" symptoms. Indoor Air-Int J Indoor Air Qual Clim, 1998, 8: 140-152.
10. Dotgan C B, Dorgan C E, Kanarek M S, et al. Health and productivity benefits of improved indoor air quality. ASHRAE Trans, 1998, 104: 658-666.
11. Zhu Y X, Zhang Y P, Li X T, et al. Built Environment (in Chinese). 2nd Ed. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2005. 146-148.
12. Haymore C, Odom R. Economic effects of poor IAQ. EPA J, 1993, 19: 28-29.
13. Zhang D. Nearly half of people in the world suffer from indoor air pollution (in Chinese). People's Daily. 2004-12-30.
14. Spengler J D, Samet J M, McCarthy J F. Indoor Air Quality Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Press, 2001.
15. Kephalopoulos S, Koistinen K, Kotzias D. Report No. 24-Harmon-isation of indoor material emissions labelling systems in the EU: Inventory of existing schemes. Technical Report, European Collaborative Action, European Commission. 2005.
16. Müller B, Dahms A, Bitter F, et al. Material labelling: Combined material emission tests and sensory evaluations. In: Strøm-Tejsen P, Olesen B W, Wargocki P, et al., eds. Proceedings of the 11th international conference on indoor air quality and climate, 2008 Aug 17-22, Copenhagen. Denmark: Technical University of Denmark, 2008. 1066.
17. Neuhaus T, Oppl R. Comparison of emission specifications in the US and in Europe. In: Strøm-Tejsen P, Olesen B W, Wargocki P, et al, eds. Proceedings of the 11th international conference on indoor air quality and climate, 2008 Aug 17-22, Copenhagen. Denmark: Technical University of Denmark, 2008. 954.
18. Crump D, Däumling C, Winther-Funch L, et al. Report No. 27-Harmonisation framework for indoor material labelling schemes in the EU. Technical Report, European Collaborative Action, European Commission. 2010.
19. Yao Y. Research on some key problems of furniture VOC emission labeling system (in Chinese). Disseration for the Doctoral Degree. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2011. 4-6.
20. Wolkoff P. Trends in Europe to reduce the indoor air pollution of VOCs. Indoor air, 2003, 13: 5-11.
21. Kang Y J, Wang Y Y, Chi C. China's wood based panel production remained No. 1 in the world (in Chinese). China's Green Times, 2008-12-30.
22. Zhang H. China's coating production become No. 1 for the first time (in Chinese). China's Building Materials News, 2010-4-8.
23. Pelizzari S, Finzi U. World furniture outlook 2009/2010. Technical Report, Centre for Industrial Studies, Milano, Italy, 2010.
24. Bluyssen P, Cochet C, Fischer M, et al. Report No. 18-Evaluation of VOC emissions from building products-Solid flooring materials. Technical Report, European Collaborative Action, European Commission. 1997.
25. German Committee for Health-related Evaluation of Building Products (AgBB). A contribution to the construction products directive: Health-related evaluation procedure for volatile organic compounds emissions (VOC and SVOC) from building products. 2010.
26. RAL German Institutefor Quality Assuranceand Certification. RAL-UZ 38, Low-emission wood products and wood-base products. 2002.
27. German Association for the Control of Emissions in Products for Flooring Installation (GEV). GEV-Testing method-Detemination of volatile organic compounds for control of emissions from products for flooring installation. 2004.
28. French Agency for Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (AFSSET). Procédure de qualification des émissions de composes organiques volatils par les matériaux de construction et produits de décoration (in French). 2009.
29. Danish Society of Indoor Climate. Standard test method for determination of the indoor-relevant time-value by chemical analysis and sensory evaluation. 2003.
30. The Building Information Foundation RTS. Emission classification of building materials: Protocol for chemical and sensory testing of building materials. 2004.
31. California Department of Public Health. Standard method for the testing and evaluation of volatile organic chemical emissions from indoor sources using environmental chamber. 2010.
32. Scientific Certification Systems (SCS), U. S. Environmental certification program-Indoor air quality performance. 2007.
33. GREENGUARD Environmental Institute, U. S. GGTM. P066, Standard method for measuring and evaluating chemical emissions from building materials, finishes and furnishings using dynamic environmental chambers. 2007.
34. American National Standards Institute (ANSI). ANSI/BIFMA X7. 1, Standard for formaldehyde and TVOC emissions of low-emitting office furniture systems and seating. 2007.
35. U. S. Green Building Council (USGBC). Green building rating system for commercial interiors. 2005.
36. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO 16000-6, Indoor air-Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS/FID. 2004.
37. Andersson K, Bakke J V, Bjorseth O, et al. TVOC and health in non-industrial indoor environments-Report from a Nordic scientific consensus meeting at Langholmen in Stockholm, 1996. Indoor Air, 1997, 7: 78-91.
38. Molhave L. Organic compounds as indicators of air pollution. Indoor Air, 2003, 13: 12-19.
39. Berglun B, Clausen G, Ceaurriz J D, et al. Report No. 19-Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) in indoor air quality investigations. Technical Report, European Collaborative Action, European Commission. 1997.
40. Molhave L, Clausen G, Berglund B, et al. Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) in indoor air quality investigations. Indoor Air-Int J Indoor Air Qual Clim, 1997, 7: 225-240.
41. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. GB/T 18883, Indoor air quality standard (in Chinese). 2002.
42. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO 16000-9, Indoor air-Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing-emission test chamber method. 2006.
43. Carter R D, Zhang J S. Definition of standard office environments for evaluating the impact of office furniture emissions on indoor VOC concentrations. ASHRAE Trans, 2007, 113: 466-477.
44. GREENGUARD Environmental Institute, U. S. GGPS. 001, GREEN-GUARD indoor air quality standard for building materials, finishes and furnishings. 2010.
45. He Z K, Wei W J, Zhang Y P. Formaldehyde and VOC emissions at different manufacturing stages of wood-based panels. Build Environ, 2012, 47: 197-204.
46. Nordic Ecolabelling Board. Swan labelling of panels for the building, decorating and furniture industry, Version 4. 4. 2010.
47. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 120, Wood-based panels-Determination of formaldehyde content-Extraction method called perforator method. 1992.
48. Wang X K, Zhang Y P. A new method for determining the initial mobile formaldehyde concentrations, partition coefficients, and diffusion coefficients of dry building materials. J Air Waste Manage Assoc, 2009, 59: 819-825.
49. Xiong J, Zhang Y. Impact of temperature on the initial emittable concentration of formaldehyde in building materials: Experimental observation. Indoor Air, 2010, 20: 523-529.
50. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. GB/T 17657, Test methods of evaluating the properties of wood-based panels and surface decorated wood-based panels (in Chinese). 1999.
51. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. GB 18580, Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials-Limit of formaldehyde emissions of wood-based panels and finishing products (in Chinese). 2001.
52. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO 12460-1, Wood-based panels-Determination of formaldehyde release-Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the 1-cubic-metre chamber method. 2007.
53. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 717-1, Wood-based panels-Determination of formaldehyde release-Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method. 2004.
54. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM E1333, Standard test method for determining formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from wood products using a large chamber. 2002.
55. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM D6007, Standard test method for determining formaldehyde concentration in air from wood products using a small scale chamber. 2002.
56. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM D6670, Standard practice for full-scale chamber determination of volatile organic emissions from indoor materials/products. 2007.
57. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM D5116, Standard guide for small-scale environmental chamber determinations of organic emissions from indoor materials/products. 1997.
58. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM D6196, Standard practice for selection of sorbents, sampling, and thermal desorption analysis procedures for volatile organic compounds in air. 2003.
59. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO 16000-3, Indoor air-Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds-Active sampling method. 2001.
60. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM D5197, Test method for determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in air (active sampler methodology). 2003.
61. Zhang J S, Nong G, Mason M, et al. Assessing the performance of full-scale environmental chambers using an independently measured emission source. In: Raw G, Claire A, Peter W, eds. The 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 1999 Aug 8-13, Edinburgh. London: Construction Research Communications Ltd, 1999. 5081-5086.
62. Wei W J, Zhang Y P, Xiong J Y, et al. A standard reference for chamber testing of material VOC emissions: Design principle and performance. Atmos Environ, 2012, 47: 381-388.
63. Cox S, Little J, Marand E. Developing a standard reference VOC emissions source. In: Strøm-Tejsen P, Olesen B W, Wargocki P, et al, eds. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 2008 Aug 17-22, Copenhagen. Denmark: Technical University of Denmark, 2008. 611.
64. Cox S S, Liu Z, Little J C, et al. Diffusion-controlled reference material for VOC emissions testing: Proof of concept. Indoor Air, 2010, 20: 424-433.
65. American National Standards Institute (ANSI). ANSI/BIFMA M7. 1, Standard test method for determining VOC emissions from office furniture systems, components and seating. 2007.
66. Bluyssen P M, Fernandes E D, Groes L, et al. European indoor air quality audit project in 56 office buildings. Indoor Air-Int J Indoor Air Qual Clim, 1996, 6: 221-238.
67. Nielsen G D, Hansen L F, Wolkoff P. Chemical and biological evaluation of building material emissions. 2. Approaches for setting indoor air standards or guidelines for chemicals. Indoor Air-Int J Indoor Air Qual Clim, 1997, 7: 17-32.
68. Knudsen H N, Kjaer U D, Nielsen P A, et al. Sensory and chemical characterization of VOC emissions from building products: Impact of concentration and air velocity. Atmos Environ, 1999, 33: 1217-1230.
69. Berglund B, Bluyssen P, Clausen G, et al. Report No. 20-Sensory evaluation of indoor air quality. Technical Report, European Collaborative Action, European Commission, 1999.
70. Gunnarsen L, Nielsen P, Wolkoff P. Design and characterization of the CLIMPAQ, chamber for laboratory investigations of materials, pollution and air quality. Indoor Air-Int J Indoor Air Qual Clim, 1994, 4: 56-62.
71. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO 16000-11, Indoor air -Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing-Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens. 2006.
72. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. 2005.
73. Bortoli M D, Kephalopoulos S, Kirchner S, et al. Report No. 21-European inter-laboratory comparison on VOC emitted from building materials and products. Technical Report, European Collaborative Action, European Commission, 1999.
74. Boroli M D, Colombo A. Report No. 13-Determination of VOCs emitted from indoor materials and products-Interlaboratory comparison of small chamber measurements. Technical Report, European Collaborative Action, Commission of the European Communities, 1993.
75. Zhang J, Mason M, Hodgson A, et al. An inter-laboratory comparison study of the ANSI/BIFMA standard test method M7. 1 for furniture. In: Santanam S, Bogucz E A, Peters C, et al, eds. Proceedings of the 9th International Healthy Buildings Conference and Exhibition, 2009, Sep 13-17 Syracuse, NY, USA. Syracuse: Syracuse Center of Excellence in Environmental and Energy Systems, 2009. 799.
76. Howard-Reed C, Liu Z, Benning J, et al. Diffusion-controlled reference material for volatile organic compound emissions testing: Pilot inter-laboratory study. Build Environ, 2011, 46: 1504-1511.
77. Sariola L, Kukkonen E. Principles and new developments of the emission classification of building materials in Finland. In: Yang X, Zhao B, Zhao R, eds. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 2005, Beijing. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2005. 3481-3485.
78. Danish Society of Indoor Climate. General labelling criteria. 2004.