Cigarette smoking among medical students in China and modifiable risk factors for smoking prevention

Health Education

Volumn 112, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 333-349

  Chen, Xinguang ^a,b,c   Tang, Xiaolan ^b   Stanton, Bonita ^a   Li, Hanwu ^b   Chen, Weiqing ^c  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b HAINAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c SUN YAT SEN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

China; Cigarettes; Doctors; Medical personnel; Medical students; Risk factors; Smoking

Indexed keywords

EID: 84863432563     PISSN: 09654283     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/09654281211237162     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Adriaanse, H.P. and van Reek, J. (1989), "Physicians' smoking and its exemplary effects" in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 193-6.
2. Alvi, T., Assad, F., Ramzan, M. and Khan, F.A. (2010), "Depression, anxiety and their associated factors among medical students" in Journal of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 122-6.
3. Ashton, C.H. and Kamali, F. (1995), "Personality, life-styles, alcohol and drug consumption in a sample of British medical students" in Medical Education, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 187-92.
4. Brenner, H. and Scharrer, S. (1996), "Smoking habits of future physicians: a survey among medical students of a south German university" in Social and Preventive Medicine, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 150-7.
5. Buck, S.M., Hillman, C.H. and Castelli, D.M. (2008), "The relation of aerobic fitness to stroop task performance in preadolescent children" in Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 166-72.
6. CDC (2003), "From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults and changes in prevalence of current and some day smoking - United States, 1996-2001" in The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 289, No. 18, pp. 2355-6.
7. CDC (2005), "Tobacco use and cessation counseling: Global Health Professionals Survey Pilot Study, ten countries, 2005" in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 54, No. 20, pp. 505-9.
8. Chaiton, M.O., Cohen, J.E., O'Loughlin, J. and Rehm, J. (2009), "A systematic review of longitudinal studies on the association between depression and smoking in adolescents" in BMC Public Health, Vol. 9, pp. 356-64.
9. Chen, X., Tang, X., Li, X., Stanton, B. and Li, H. (2008), "Core human values and their interactions with pro-tobacco factors on cigarette smoking: the role of factors not explicitly related to a risk behavior" in California Journal of Health Promotion, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 23-39.
10. Chen, X., Stanton, B., Fang, X., Li, X., Lin, D., Zhang, J., Liu, H. and Yang, H. (2006), "Perceived smoking norms, socioenvironmental factors, personal attitudes and adolescent smoking in China: a mediation analysis with longitudinal data" in Journal of Adolescent Health, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 359-68.
11. Chen, X., Li, X., Stanton, B., Mao, R., Sun, Z., Zhang, H., Qu, M., Wang, J. and Thomas, R. (2004), "Patterns of cigarette smoking among students from 19 colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province, China: a latent class analysis" in Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 153-63.
12. Chen, X.G., Cruz, T.B., Schuster, D.V., Unger, J.B. and Johnson, C.A. (2002), "Receptivity to protobacco media and its impact on cigarette smoking among ethnic minority youth in California" in Journal of Health Communication, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 95-111.
13. Cheung, C.K. and Bagley, C. (1998), "Validating an American scale in Hong Kong: The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)" in Journal of Psychology, Vol. 132, No. 2, pp. 169-86.
14. Chung, W., Kim, H., Lim, S., Lee, S. and Cho, K. (2009), "Factors influencing cigarette smoking and quantified implications for anti-smoking policy: evidence from South Korea" in International Journal of Public Health, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 409-19.
15. Conard, S., Hughes, P., Baldwin, D.C., Achenbach, K.E. and Sheehan, D.V. (1988), "Substance use by fourth-year students at 13 US medical schools" in Journal of Medical Education, Vol. 63, No. 10, pp. 747-58.
16. Davis, R.M. (1988), "Uniting physicians against smoking: the need for coordinated national strategy" in The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 259, No. 19, pp. 2900-1.
17. Davis, R.M. (1993), "When doctors smoke" in Tobacco Control, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 187-8.
18. Dekker, H.M., Looman, C.W.N., Adriaanse, H.P. and Vandermaas, P.J. (1993), "Prevalence of smoking in physicians and medical-students, and the generation effect in The Netherlands" in Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 817-22.
19. Dyrbye, L.N., Thomas, M.R. and Shanafelt, T.D. (2006), "Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among US and Canadian medical students" in Academic Medicine, Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 354-73.
20. Fowler, G. (1993), "Educating doctors in smoking cessation" in Tobacco Control, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 5-6.
21. Hay, D.R. (1998), "Cigarette smoking by New Zealand doctors and nurses: results from the 1996 population census" in New Zealand Medical Journal, Vol. 111, No. 1062, pp. 102-4.
22. Hensrud, D.D. and Sprafka, J.M. (1993), "The smoking habits of Minnesota physicians" in American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 415-7.
23. Hong, X., Li, J., Xu, F., Tse, L.A., Liang, Y., Wang, Z., Yu, I. and Griffiths, S. (2009), "Physical activity inversely associated with the presence of depression among urban adolescents in regional China" in BMC Public Health, Vol. 9, pp. 148-54.
24. Hussain, S.F., Tjeder-Burton, S., Campbell, I.A. and Davies, P.D. (1993), "Attitudes to smoking and smoking habits among hospital staff" in Thorax, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 174-5.
25. Jiang, Y., Ong, M.K., Tong, E.K., Yang, Y., Nan, Y., Gan, Q. and Hu, T.W. (2007), "Chinese physicians and their smoking knowledge, attitudes, and practices" in American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 15-22.
26. Jonsdottir, D. and Jonsdottir, H. (2001), "Does physical exercise in addition to a multicomponent smoking cessation program increase abstinence rate and suppress weight gain? An intervention study" in Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 275-82.
27. Li, H.Z., Fish, D. and Zhou, X.C. (1999), "Increase in cigarette smoking and decline of anti-smoking counselling among Chinese physicians: 1987-1996" in Health Promotion International, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 123-31.
28. Li, H.Z., Sun, H.S., Liu, Z.Q., Zhang, Y. and Cheng, Q.C. (2007), "Cigarette smoking and anti-smoking counselling: dilemmas of Chinese physicians" in Health Education, Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 192-207.
29. McChargue, D.E., Spring, B., Cook, J.W. and Neumann, C.A. (2004), "Reinforcement expectations explain the relationship between depressive history and smoking status in college students" in Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 991-4.
30. Ma, S.J., Wang, J.F., Mei, C.Z., Xu, X.F. and Yang, G.H. (2007), "Passive smoking in China: contributing factors and areas for future interventions" in Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 420-5.
31. Mancevska, S., Bozinovska, L., Tecce, J., Pluncevik-Gligoroska, J. and Sivevska-Smilevska, E. (2008), "Depression, anxiety and substance use in medical students in the Republic of Macedonia" in Bratislava Medical Journal, Vol. 109, No. 12, pp. 568-72.
32. Mangus, R.S., Hawkins, C.E. and Miller, M.J. (1998), "Tobacco and alcohol use among 1996 medical school graduates" in Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 280, No. 13, pp. 1192-3.
33. Mao, R., Li, X., Stanton, B., Wang, J., Hong, Y., Zhang, H. and Chen, X. (2009), "Psychosocial correlates of cigarette smoking among college students in China" in Health Education Research, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 105-18.
34. Maynard, L., Goldberg, R., Ockene, J., Levy, B., Howe, J. and Dalen, J. (1986), "Behaviors and attitudes among medical students concerning cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption" in Journal of Medical Education, Vol. 61, pp. 921-2.
35. Mendez, D., Warner, K.E. and Courant, P.N. (1998), "Has smoking cessation ceased? Expected trends in the prevalence of smoking in the United States" in American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 148, No. 3, pp. 249-58.
36. Nelson, D.E., Giovino, G.A., Emont, S.L., Brackbill, R., Cameron, L.L., Peddicord, J. and Mowery, P.D. (1994), "Trends in cigarette-smoking among US physicians and nurses" in Jama - Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 271, No. 16, pp. 1273-5.
37. Patkar, A.A., Hill, K., Batra, V., Vergare, M.J. and Leone, F.T. (2003), "A comparison of smoking habits among medical and nursing students" in Chest, Vol. 124, No. 4, pp. 1415-20.
38. Ponniah, S. and Bloomfield, A. (2008), "An update on tobacco smoking among New Zealand health care workers, the current picture, 2006" in Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association, Vol. 121, No. 1272, pp. 103-5.
39. Radloff, L.S. (1977), "The CES-D Scale: a self report depression scale for research in the general population" in Applied Psychological Measurement, Vol. 1, pp. 385-401.
40. Richmond, R.L. and Kehoe, L. (1997), "Smoking behaviour and attitudes among Australian medical students" in Medical Education, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 169-76.
41. Roche, A.M. (1997), "Have efforts to improve medical students' drug and alcohol knowledge, skills and attitudes worked?" in Drug and Alcohol Review, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 157-70.
42. Roche, A.M. and Beauchamp, P. (1994), "Smoking prevalence among senior medical-students" in Medical Journal of Australia, Vol. 160, No. 7, pp. 447-8.
43. Roche, A.M., Eccleston, P. and Sanson-Fisher, R. (1996), "Teaching smoking cessation skills to senior medical students: a block-randomized controlled trial of four different approaches" in Preventive Medicine, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 251-8.
44. Rosal, M.C., Ockene, I.S., Ockene, J.K., Barrett, S.V., Ma, Y. and Hebert, J.R. (1997), "A longitudinal study of students' depression at one medical school" in Academic Medicine, Vol. 72, No. 6, pp. 542-6.
45. Smith, D.R., Wei, N. and Wang, R.S. (2005), "Tobacco smoking habits among Chinese medical students and their need for health promotion initiatives" in Health promotion journal of Australia, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 233-5.
46. Smith, D.R., Wei, N., Zhang, Y.J. and Wang, R.S. (2006), "Tobacco smoking habits among a cross-section of rural physicians in China" in The Australian Journal of Rural Health, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 66-71.
47. Sockrider, M.M., Maguire, G.P., Haponik, E., Davis, A. and Boehlecke, B. (1998), "Attitudes of respiratory care practitioners and students regarding pulmonary prevention" in Chest, Vol. 114, No. 4, pp. 1193-8.
48. Steptoe, A., Wardle, J., Fuller, R., Holte, A., Justo, J., Sanderman, R. and Wichstrom, L. (1997), "Leisure-time physical exercise: prevalence, attitudinal correlates, and behavioral correlates among young Europeans from 21 countries" in Preventive Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 845-54.
49. Taliaferro, L.A., Rienzo, B.A., Pigg, R.M., Miller, M.D. and Dodd, V.J. (2009), "Associations between physical activity and reduced rates of hopelessness, depression, and suicidal behavior among college students" in Journal of American College Health, Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 427-35.
50. Tessier, J.F., Freour, P., Belougne, D. and Crofton, J. (1992), "Smoking-habits and attitudes of medical-students towards smoking and antismoking campaigns in nine Asian countries" in International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 298-304.
51. Tessier, J.F., Freour, P., Crofton, J. and Kombou, L. (1989), "Smoking habits and attitudes of medical students towards smoking and antismoking campaigns in 14 European countries" in European Journal of Epidemiololgy, Vol. 5, pp. 311-21.
52. Unger, J.B., Yan, L., Shakib, S., Rohrbach, L.A., Chen, X., Qian, G., Chou, C.P., Jianquo, S., Azen, S., Zheng, H. and Johnson, C.A. (2002), "Peer influences and access to cigarettes as correlates of adolescent smoking: a cross-cultural comparison of Wuhan, China, and California" in Preventive Medicine, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 476-84.
53. Vlajinac, H., Adanja, B. and Jarebinski, M. (1989), "Cigarette-smoking among medical-students in Belgrade related to parental smoking-habits" in Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 29, No. 7, pp. 891-4.
54. World Health Organization (2009), WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2009: Implementing Smoke-free Environments, WHO Press, Geneva.
55. Xiang, H., Wang, Z., Stallones, L., Yu, S., Gimbel, H.W. and Yang, P. (1999), "Cigarette smoking among medical college students in Wuhan" in People's Republic of China, Preventive Medicine, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 210-5.
56. Yang, G.H., Ma, J.M., Liu, N. and Zhou, L.N. (2005), "Smoking and passive smoking in China, 2002" in Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi (Chinese Journal of Epidemiology), Vol. 26, pp. 77-83.
57. Yang, H.J., Soong, W.T., Kuo, P.H., Chang, H.L. and Chen, W.J. (2004), "Using the CES-D in a two-phase survey for depressive disorders among nonreferred adolescents in Taipei: a stratum-specific likelihood ratio analysis" in Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 419-30.
58. Yeh, Y.C., Yen, C.F., Lai, C.S., Huang, C.H., Liu, K.M. and Huang, I.T. (2007), "Correlations between academic achievement and anxiety and depression in medical students experiencing integrated curriculum reform" in The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Science, Vol. 23, No. 8, pp. 379-86.
59. Yu, J.M., Hu, D.Y., Jiang, Q.W., Zhang, L.J., Dong, Y. and Li, S.C. (2009), "Smoking status in Chinese cardiovascular physicians in 2008" in Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Chinese Journal of Medicine), Vol. 89, No. 34, pp. 2400-3.
60. Zhang, J. and Norvilitis, J.M. (2002), "Measuring Chinese psychological well-being with western developed instruments" in Journal of Personality Assessment, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 492-511.
61. Zhu, T., Feng, B., Wong, S., Choi, W. and Zhu, S.H. (2004), "A comparison of smoking behaviors among medical and other college students in China" in Health Promotion International, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 189-96.